scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina C. Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Miguel Angel M. A. Sanchez-Tena ◽  
Clara C. Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar C. Villa-Collar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Binocular Function ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To analyse the prevalence of myopia among a sample of more than 6000 children in Spain as well as to determine the impact of risk factors in its progression. Methodology. A total of 6,152 children aged from 5 to 7 were examined. The participants underwent an eye examination that included visual acuity, refraction without cycloplegia, and tests of accommodative and binocular function. In addition, a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, family history, and geographical data was carried out. Finally, data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 program. Results. The prevalence of myopia in the sample of children studied has increased from 17% in 2016 to 20% in 2017. Likewise, the number of children with high myopia has also increased, from 1.7% in 2016 to 3.6% in 2017. 43.3% of the participants spent more than 3 hours a day doing near activities, and 48.9% of this group spent more than 50% of this time using electronic devices. In addition, only 9.7% spent more than 2.5 hours outdoors each day. Conclusion. Myopia prevalence appears to be increasing in Spain. Lifestyle factors appear to be increasing the risk of myopia.

scholarly journals Incidence, Risk, and Visual Outcomes after Repositioning of Acute Non-Traumatic Flap Dislocations Following Femtosecond-Assisted LASIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Majid Moshirfar ◽  
David G. West ◽  
Chase M Miller ◽  
William B. West ◽  
Shannon E. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Mechanical Devices

Although the use of femtosecond lasers instead of mechanical devices has decreased the incidence of flap complications following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), dislocations and striae still occur. Flap repositioning is an effective intervention to improve visual outcomes after acute flap complications in both microkeratome-assisted and femtosecond-assisted LASIK. This retrospective case series included patients undergoing flap repositioning secondary to acute flap dislocation and/or visually significant striae within the first two weeks following femtosecond LASIK (FS-LASIK) from 2015 to 2020 at a single institution. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative de-identified data were analyzed for incidence, risk factors, and visual acuity outcomes. The incidence of flap repositioning was 0.35% in 21,536 eyes (n = 70). Indications for repositioning included acute flap dislocation (35.7%) and visually significant striae (64.3%). High myopia (OR = 3.04, p = 0.001) and patient age over 50 years (OR = 3.69, p = 0.001) were the strongest risk factors for these complications. Prior to flap repositioning, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 or better and 20/40 or better occurred in 19% and 57% of eyes, respectively. After repositioning, a final UDVA of 20/20 or better and 20/40 or better occurred in 78% and 98% of eyes, respectively. After repositioning, one line of UDVA was lost in two eyes (2.8%) and two lines were lost in one eye (1.4%). Risk factors for acute flap dislocation included high myopia and age over 50 years. Flap repositioning was effective in salvaging visual outcomes.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of social risk families and its dynamics in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Vide Gudzinskiene ◽  
Rimvydas Augutavicius
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
The Impact

Families at risk are definitely the urgent public concern that requires immediate solutions in Lithuania. It is important to mention that the children growing within the families at risk are in the centre of concern as their social and physical environment is not stimulating enough, leading to a number of different problems the families and children themselves are facing. In general, the number of such children makes about 4 percent of the total number of children in the country and this rate has remained stable for many years. Scientific problem – the problems experienced by children growing within social risk families and the impact of social risk factors on children's socialization and integration. Object – phenomenon of families at risk in Lithuania. Task of the article – to analyze the phenomenon of social risk families and its trends in Lithuania.

Sex similarities and differences in risk factors for recurrence of major depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1685-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. van Loo ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression (MD) occurs about twice as often in women as in men, but it is unclear whether sex differences subsist after disease onset. This study aims to elucidate potential sex differences in rates and risk factors for MD recurrence, in order to improve prediction of course of illness and understanding of its underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe used prospective data from a general population sample (n = 653) that experienced a recent episode of MD. A diverse set of potential risk factors for recurrence of MD was analyzed using Cox models subject to elastic net regularization for males and females separately. Accuracy of the prediction models was tested in same-sex and opposite-sex test data. Additionally, interactions between sex and each of the risk factors were investigated to identify potential sex differences.ResultsRecurrence rates and the impact of most risk factors were similar for men and women. For both sexes, prediction models were highly multifactorial including risk factors such as comorbid anxiety, early traumas, and family history. Some subtle sex differences were detected: for men, prediction models included more risk factors concerning characteristics of the depressive episode and family history of MD and generalized anxiety, whereas for women, models included more risk factors concerning early and recent adverse life events and socioeconomic problems.ConclusionsNo prominent sex differences in risk factors for recurrence of MD were found, potentially indicating similar disease maintaining mechanisms for both sexes. Course of MD is a multifactorial phenomenon for both males and females.

scholarly journals Family history and polygenic risk of cardiovascular disease: independent factors associated with secondary cardiovascular events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Timmerman ◽  
Dominique P.V. de Kleijn ◽  
Gert J. de Borst ◽  
Hester M. den Ruijter ◽  
Folkert W. Asselbergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFamily history (FHx) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a risk factor for CVD and a proxy for cardiovascular heritability. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarizing >1 million variants for coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with incident and recurrent CAD events. However, little is known about the influence of FHx or PRS on secondary cardiovascular events (sCVE) in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).MethodsWe included 1,788 CEA patients from the Athero-Express Biobank. A weighted PRS for CAD including 1.7 million variants was calculated (MetaGRS). The composite endpoint of sCVE during three years follow-up included coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral events and cardiovascular death. We assessed the impact of FHx and MetaGRS on sCVE and carotid plaque composition.ResultsPositive FHx was associated with a higher 3-year risk of sCVE independent of cardiovascular risk factors and MetaGRS (adjusted HR 1.40, 95%CI 1.07-1.82, p=0.013). Patients in the highest MetaGRS quintile had a higher 3-year risk of sCVE compared to the rest of the cohort independent of cardiovascular risk factors including FHx (adjusted HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.01-1.79, p=0.043), and their atherosclerotic plaques contained more fat (adjusted OR 1.59, 95%CI, 1.11-2.29, p=0.013) and more macrophages (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.12-1.99, p=0.006).ConclusionIn CEA patients, both positive FHx and higher MetaGRS were independently associated with increased risk of sCVE. Moreover, higher MetaGRS was associated with vulnerable plaque characteristics. Future studies should unravel underlying mechanisms and focus on the added value of PRS and FHx in individual risk prediction for sCVE.

scholarly journals Corneal Stromal Opacities Accompanied by Hyperopia and Irregular Astigmatism: Two-Step Technology of the Clinical Rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
I. A. Mushkova ◽  
N. V. Maychuk ◽  
R. A. Makarov ◽  
G. M. Chernakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Keratorefractive Surgery ◽  
Irregular Astigmatism

Purpose: to identify risk factors for the development of asthenopic syndrome (AS) in patients with moderate to high myopia after keratorefractive surgery (KRS).Materials and methods. 122 patients (244 eyes) with medium and high myopia underwent a standard pre-operative examination of patients before KRS. The special methods of examinations were the study of reserves of relative accommodation (RRA) and the volume of absolute accommodation (VAA), and the accomodomography; the vision characteristics was determined on a four-point color test by E.B. Belostotsky, S.Y. Friedman at distances of 5.00 and 0.33 m, fusional reserves — with synoptophor. Patients survey was held with CISS questionnaire to detect the presence of AS.Results: There were no complications after KRS in all cases. Uncorrected visual acuity was the same or higher than maximal corrected before surgery in 1 week after KRS. Patents were divided into 2 groups according to results of CISS survey: 88% — without AS, 12% — with signs of AS. Retrospective analysis of pre-operative data of the patients with AS has shown that a combination of an absence of binocular vision with a pronounced decrease in fusion reserves, reserves of relative accommodation and volume of absolute accommodation is prognostically unfavorable factors in patients with myopia.Conclusion: All patients with moderate and high myopia have the refractive errors, there is no binocular vision in 12.3% patients. More significant errors of accommodation and binocular function were registered in patients with postoperative AS vs. patients without AS. Low fusion reserves and absence of binocular vision don’t allow to adopt for KRS results. This group of patients should be separated for pre-operative functional preparation. 

scholarly journals The Risk Effect of Primary Dysmenorrhea on Women of Childbearing Age in Ploso Subdistrict of Tambaksari Surabaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ulya Rohima Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Of Menarche

ABSTRACTPrimary dysmenorrhea was menstrual pain without any real abnormalities in genitals and could be a sign of reproductive system disorders. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was quite high, but the lack of attention from the medical world, whereas primary dysmenorrhea can lead to decreased productivity and hinder daily activities. This  study  aimed  to  analyze  the  risk factors  of  primary  dysmenorrhea  in  Ploso  subdistrict  of Tambaksari Surabaya. The study was an observational analytic cross sectional design. Sampling was done by multistage cluster sampling. Respondents were 80 women of childbearing age 15-35 years old. Based on the results the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was at 71.3% . Most of the impact of primary dysmenorrhea that respondents perceived were declining productivity that is equal to 77.2%. Most of respondents not been examined primary dysmenorrhea to the doctor or midwife (84.2%) with the majority reason was respondents think that symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea perceived is reasonable (54.2%) . The highest proportion of respondents characteristics are aged 15-25 years (51.3%), had family history (52.5%), never given birth (60%), duration of menstruation 3-7 days (86%), age of menarche 12-13 years (53.8%), not did exercise (53.8%), had a normal nutritional status (38.8%), and severe stress (25%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between age and family history with primary dysmenorrhea, and there was no relationship between the experience of childbirth, length of menstruation, age of menarche, exercise habits, nutritional status, and state of stress with primary dysmenorrhea. The advice is to check primary dysmenorrhea to the doctor or midwife if find symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea to get treatment (psychotherapy or medication therapy), so that respondents could still work or do activities and productivity is not compromised. Keywords : primary dysmenorrhea , menstrual cramps, risk factors, women of childbearing age, reproduction

The impact of family history of diabetes on risk factors for gestational diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Retnakaran ◽  
Philip W. Connelly ◽  
Mathew Sermer ◽  
Bernard Zinman ◽  
Anthony J. G. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Venous thromboembolism – prevalence and risk factors in chronic venous disease patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Musil ◽  
Markéta Kaletová ◽  
Jiří Herman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Aims This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with chronic venous disease and the impact of some intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Methods A retrospective study on 641 outpatients (489 women) with primary chronic venous disease (C0–C6). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was evaluated according to sex, age, BMI, the presence of ≥1 first-degree siblings diagnosed with venous thromboembolism, CEAP clinical class, smoking and the use of hormone therapy. Results Venous thromboembolism episodes occurred in 32 patients (5%) with no gender predominance (OR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.90–2.45; p = 0.146). There was no increased RR of venous thromboembolism in the age group 46–69 years compared with patients aged ≤45 years ( p = 0.350). In persons aged ≥70 years, the risk of venous thromboembolism was 3.2 times higher than in patients aged 46–69 years and 4.78 times higher than in patients aged ≤45 years. The risk of venous thromboembolism rose very significantly in obese compared with normostenic patients ( p = 0.002). There were significantly more venous thromboembolism episodes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (55.3%) than patients with varicose veins (44.7%) ( p < 0.001). A family history of venous thromboembolism ( p = 0.12), smoking ( p = 0.905) and hormone therapy ( p = 0.326) were not associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Smoking was a risk factor in obese patients ( p = 0.033), but the combination of obesity, smoking, estrogens in women did not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Conclusions The 5% prevalence of venous thromboembolism episodes in patients was comparable with the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in the general European population. Age ≥70 years and obesity were strongly associated with an occurrence of venous thromboembolism. Obese patients with chronic venous disease were at higher risk for venous thromboembolism than obese people in the general population. A family history of venous thromboembolism, smoking and estrogens alone or in combination were not revealed as significant risk factors.

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in women under combined oral contraceptive

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Henneuse ◽  
Manal Ibrahim ◽  
Dominique Brunet ◽  
Marie-Christine Barthet ◽  
Marie-Françoise Aillaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Family History ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Inherited Thrombophilia ◽  
Thrombophilia Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

SummaryIdentifying women at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health issue. The objective of this study was to identify environmental and genetic determinants of VTE risk in a large sample of women under combined oral contraceptives (COC). A total of 968 women who had had one event of VTE during COC use were compared to 874 women under COC but with no personal history of VTE. Clinical data were collected and a systematic thrombophilia screening was performed together with ABO blood group assessment. After adjusting for age, family history, and type and duration of COC use, main environmental determinants of VTE were smoking (odds ratio [OR] =1.65, 95 % confidence interval [1.30–2.10]) and a body mass index higher than 35 kg.m-2 (OR=3.46 [1.81–7.03]). In addition, severe inherited thrombophilia (OR=2.13 [1.32–3.51]) and non-O blood groups (OR=1.98 [1.57–2.49]) were strong genetic risk factors for VTE. Family history poorly predicted thrombophilia as its prevalence was similar in patients with or without first degree family history of VTE (29.3 % vs 23.9 %, p=0.09). In conclusion, this study confirms the influence of smoking and obesity and shows for the first time the impact of ABO blood group on the risk of VTE in women under COC. It also confirms the inaccuracy of the family history of VTE to detect inherited thrombophilia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in German adults: the impact of children in the household

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHNOOR ◽  
T. KLANTE ◽  
M. BECKMANN ◽  
B. P. ROBRA ◽  
T. WELTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe objective of this case-control study was to identify the main risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a German adult population. A self-administered questionnaire was given to CAP cases provided by the German competence network CAPNETZ and population-based, randomly selected controls (sex- and age-matched). Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to known risk factors such as previous CAP [odds ratio (OR) 1·6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3–2·1], more than one respiratory infection during the previous year (OR 3·6, 95% CI 2·9–4·5), chronic pulmonary diseases (OR 2·3, 95% CI 1·7–3·0), number of comorbidities (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·4–1·9), and number of children in the household (2 children: OR 2·2, 95% CI 1·5–3·4; ⩾3 children: OR 3·2, 95% CI 1·5–7·0) were independent risk factors for CAP. This was pronounced in particular in people aged ⩽65 years. The most likely explanation for this finding is higher exposure to infectious agents.

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