scholarly journals EPIDEMIC SITUATION FOR HIV-INFECTION IN SIBERIAN FEDERAL REGION IN 2014

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
E. S. Dovgopolyuk ◽  
L. V. Puzyreva ◽  
A. D. Safonov ◽  
A. V. Mordyk ◽  
A. T. Tyumentsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Parenteral Transmission ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prognostic Data

Aim. Analyze main epidemiologic indicators for HIV-infection on the territory of SFR for the period from 2012 to 2014 with allotment of contributions of regions into the epidemic for development of personalized regional program for further containment of HIV spread. Materials and methods. Data of main statistical forms and monthly reports of all the regions situated on the territory of the district were used. Results. At large, on both the studied territory and some regions a tendency of growth of HIV-infection morbidity with predominant parenteral transmission was detected. HIV-infection continues to be detected most frequently in young able-bodied population. The number of patients detected for the first time at AIDS stage increases annually, and an increase of lethality among HIV-infected was noted. Conclusion. Prognostic data for the next year are indicated.

The Socio-Cultural Aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's Activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Inna N. Mamkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
First Time

The article draws attention to the sociocultural aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's activities in the early twentieth century. Historiographic analysis showed a research interest in the status of the Committee in the context of the organization of management of the Russian Empire's Eastern outskirts. Taking into account the broad powers of the Siberian Railway Committee, the author notes isolated studies of the social aspect in its activities. The aim of this publication is an attempt to create a holistic view of the activities of the Committee for the implementation of social tasks aimed at improving the life of railway employees at the TransBaikal section of the railway in the early twentieth century. The study was conducted on the basis of the documentation of the Siberian Railway Committee. A number of documents are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Based on the structural and functional approach, using a set of historical research methods, it has been revealed that, after the commissioning of the Trans-Baikal section of the Siberian Railway, considerable attention was paid to solve sociocultural problems aimed at improving the life of railway employees. The preparatory commission chaired by A.N. Kulomzina and the Main School Committee implemented social programs. The author has defined the procedure for the formation of the committee, its structure, and principles of its activity. For the first time, personal data of the school committee's members elected on the Trans-Baikal Railway are introduced into scholarly discourse. The information of the committee's activities of the opening and maintenance of primary schools at railway stations has been summarized. The obtained statistics convincingly prove the effectiveness of the committee in the field of school education. The author notes that the Siberian Railway Committee achieved a very successful development of the school network by applying administrative and financial efforts. The author, for the first time, provides data on the organization of libraries and public convocations for the employees on the Trans-Baikal Railway. She draws attention to the organization of medical care for the employees; establishes the organization order and types of medical institutions; generalizes information about the staff of hospitals and obstetric centers, and the number of patients. The author concludes that the Siberian Railway Committee had an organized and balanced approach to solving sociocultural problems that occupied an important place in its activities. The Siberian Railway Committee's social programs in a number of areas were ahead of those of other government departments.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive patients: a five year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
N. Saravanan ◽  
Murugan Swamiappan ◽  
Rajkumar Kannan ◽  
G. Arul Raja
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most well established risk factors for the spread of HIV infection. STIs act as cofactors and facilitators for HIV transmission. The effects of HIV infection on immunity can increase susceptibility to other STIs. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of co-infection of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective chart review of the data collected from the clinical records of all HIV patients who had attended the STI clinic of Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during the five years period, from January 2013 to December 2017, was carried out. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, co-infection of STIs among HIV patients, laboratory investigations and treatment were collected. The data collected were computed and analyzed statistically.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> During the study period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 the total number of patients attended the STI clinic were 10825, among that males were 4534 (41.88%) and females were 6291 (58.12%). STIs/RTIs were seen in 2560 (23.65%) cases among the total number of patients attended. HIV was found to be positive in 294 cases, in that 168 (57.15%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. In male HIV patients, 51 (30.36%) had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. In female HIV patients, 57 (45.24) % had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. Viral STIs was the common co-infection seen in males and vaginal cervical discharge was common in females.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> STI/RTI co-infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic are common among PLHIV. Hence they should be regularly counselled regarding the significance of periodic screening for STI/RTIs avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour.</p>

scholarly journals Difficulties in primary diagnosis of HIV infection at the stages of health care settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Elena V. Esaulenko ◽  
Kseniya E. Novak ◽  
Thierry Ingabire ◽  
Sof’ya A. Semenova ◽  
Aleksandra O. Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
First Time

Aim: to demonstrate the difficulties and timeliness of HIV diagnosis by primary care physicians, to carry out a clinical and epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods: The study evaluated the routing of diagnosis and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical and laboratory data of 85 patients with a newly diagnosed HIV infection hospitalized in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S. P. Botkin during the period from November 2018 to October 2019. To confirm positive results, ELISA and western blot were used. Results: Among the observed patients, 71.3% were women and 28.7% were men. The average age was 39.3 2 years. Upon admission to the infectious diseases hospital with an established diagnosis of HIV infection, 49.5% were hospitalized in specialized departments (n = 42). Of them, nine (9) were referred by the polyclinic with an established diagnosis, in 20 patients the diagnosis was established in somatic hospitals, and emergency room doctors newly diagnosed HIV infection in 13 more patients. The remaining 50.5% (n = 43) were hospitalized in various departments with other diagnoses. Clinical and laboratory analysis of these patients showed that for the first time in life, an established diagnosis of HIV infection corresponded to both early (15.3%) and late (84.7%) stages of the disease with dominance of sexual transmission of the virus (43.6%). Conclusion: HIV infection at both early and late stages can manifest under the guise of various other diseases, which makes it necessary to expand testing of patients for HIV infection, including using rapid tests.

scholarly journals The structure of acute chemical poisoning in patients with HIV infection in the emergency hospital

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
М.М. Поцхверия ◽  
М.В. Белова ◽  
С.А. Солонин ◽  
М.А. Годков
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Number Of Patients

Употребление психоактивных веществ (ПАВ) с немедицинскими целями является огромной медико-социальной, экономической проблемой, и становится наиболее частой причиной инфицирования ВИЧ. Наркозависимые лица представляют особо уязвимую группу для заражения. Цель исследования: изучить структуру веществ, вызвавших острые отравления у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, госпитализированных в стационар скорой медицинской помощи. Пациенты и методы исследования: ретроспективно проанализированы структура острых отравлений химической этиологии (ООХЭ) и результаты освидетельствования на ВИЧ-инфекцию 19 061 пациента, госпитализированных (простая случайная выборка) в отделение лечения острых отравлений НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского (ОЛОО НИИ СП) в 2013-2016 гг. Диагноз ООХЭ верифицирован методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии. Диагностику ВИЧ-инфекции осуществляли с использованием иммуноферментного анализа и иммуноблотинга. Для попарного сравнения распределения частот выявляемости ВИЧ у лиц ООХЭ использовали точный тест Фишера. Различия оценивали как статистически значимые при p<0,05. Результаты исследования. Выявляемость ВИЧ-инфекции у пациентов с ООХЭ варьировала от 5,7 до 7,7%. Среди пациентов с ВИЧ подавляющее большинство обращений было связано с отравлениями опиатами, лекарственными средствами и различными смесями ПАВ. За три года количество пациентов с ВИЧ и передозировками опиатов сократилось в 2,3 раза (p<0,0001). Значительно чаще стали встречаться отравления психодислептиками, смесями ПАВ и веществами немедицинского назначения. Среди ВИЧ-инфицированных значительную долю составляли лица с отравлениями несколькими видами наркотических и/или лекарственных веществ. При этом снизились доли отравлений опиатами в сочетании с метадоном и психофармакологическими средствами. У пациентов с ВИЧ обнаружен высокий удельный вес интоксикации этанолом и его суррогатами. Выводы. Динамика выявляемости ВИЧ-инфекции у пациентов с ООХЭ свидетельствует о высокой поражённости этой категории лиц. Причины увеличения частоты обнаружения ВИЧ-инфекции могут быть связаны с изменением ассортимента принимаемых ПАВ и путей передачи вируса. Пациенты ОЛОО являются группой высокого риска распространения ВИЧ-инфекции и могут рассматриваться как фокусная группа, отражающая общие тенденции в потреблении наркотических и ПАВ в г. Москве. The use of psychoactive substances (PS) with non-medical purposes is a huge medical, social and economic problem. It becomes the most frequent cause of HIV infection. Drug addict individuals are vulnerable group for HIV. Aim: study the structure of substances that caused acute poisoning in HIV-infected patients hospitalized in an emergency hospital. The object and methods: it has been retrospectively analyzed the structure of acute poisoning of chemical etiology (APCE) and prevalence of HIV infection among 19061 patients hospitalized (simple random sampling) at N.V. Sklifosovsky’s Research Institute for Emergency Medicine department of acute poisoning treatment (DAPT) in 2013-2016 years. The diagnosis of APCE was verified by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diagnosis of HIV infection was carried out using immunoassay and immunoblot analysis. Fisher’s exact test was used for a pairwise comparison of the prevalence HIV in individuals with APCE. Differences were assessed as statistically significant at p <0.05. Results. The prevalence of HIV infection in patients with APCE ranged from 5.7 to 7.7%. Among the patients with HIV the vast majority of cases were associated with poisoning with opiates, drugs and various PS mixtures. For the period from 2013 to 2016 the number of patients with HIV infection and opiate overdoses decreased by 2.3 times (p <0.0001). More common became poisoning with psychotomimetic substance, PS mixtures and non-medical substances. Among HIV infected patients significant share were people poisoned several types of drugs and/or medicines. At the same time, the share of poisoning with opiates decreased in combination with methadone and psychopharmacological medicines. In patients with HIV were detected a high proportion of ethanol and its surrogates’ intoxication. Conclusions. The prevalence of HIV infection in patients with APSE indicates of the high affection of this category persons. The reasons of increasing the prevalence of HIV infection can be associated with a change in PS consumption assortment and the ways of virus transmission. Patients with APSE are a high risk group for HIV spreading and can be considered as a focus group reflecting general trends in the drug consumption in Moscow.

scholarly journals Assessing DNA rates within first time psychiatric referrals and the extent to which DNA rates are reduced by an SMS reminder service

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S315-S315
Author(s):  
Henry Coates
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Communication Preference

Aims1) To assess the average wait time for patients to be offered an appointment and to establish any correlations between longer waiting times and 'Did not attend (DNA)' rates 2) To assess the number of patients who have opted into the text message appointment reminder service and whether this had an effect on DNA rates.BackgroundResearch has indicated that the Did Not Attend (DNA) rate in Psychiatry is estimated at 20%, twice that of other medical specialties (1). With NHS Digital estimating that DNAs cost the NHS £1 Billion per annum, there has been much interest in reducing the rate of DNAs within Psychiatry (2). Findings have shown that short waiting times are associated with higher rates of attendance (3). In addition, poor appointment attendance within Psychiatry is also associated with increased disease severity and higher rates of hospital admission (4).MethodWe conducted retrospective data collection on 99 patients referred to Professor Oyebode between January 2018 and August 2019. Our data collection involved assessing time the referral was received, time to first appointment and the patient's communication preference (e.g. whether they opted in to the SMS alert service). All data collection was conducted through use of RIO and coded/ammonized into a Excel spreadsheet. No sampling methods were employed and our population only consisted of first-time referrals to Professor Oyebodes clinic.Result1) We found no correlation between a longer waiting time to first appointment and an increased DNA rate.2) All patient waiting times between 1st January - 31st August were within the maximum limit set by national guidelines3) Opting into the text messaging service remains severely low. Of the patients audited, 95% had not completed a communication preference form. Overall, it is still unclear whether the text messaging service has a positive impact on DNA rates.ConclusionOur data have shown no significant correlation between a longer waiting time and an increased DNA rate for first time Psychiatry appointments. Secondly, we have concluded that between the audited period, waiting times were still within the maximum 18 week wait set by the Mental Health Standards. Finally, we can conclude that uptake of the text messaging service remains very low at 4%. Due to a limited sample size of only 4 patients, it is still unclear from this audit whether opting into the text messaging services will have a positive decrease on the number of DNA's.

scholarly journals HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN MOSCOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Mikhail Valerevich Sinitsyn ◽  
S. E. Borisov ◽  
E. M. Belilovskiy ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.

An Analysis of Disorders Presenting at a Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic: A Report from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Sarıkaya ◽  
Halûk Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Child Neurology ◽  
Pediatric Neurology ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
First Time

AbstractNeurological problems constitute an important part of diseases in children. Studies evaluating neurological diseases in children collectively and reporting their types and rates are very few. We report the clinical and laboratory spectra of children presenting with neurological diseases to our clinic. The charts of patients who presented for the first time to the only pediatric neurology outpatient clinic in the region during a year were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 88,785 patients were seen at the Meram Faculty of Medicine pediatric outpatient clinics in 1 year; 5.5% (4,904) of these patients were seen at the child neurology clinic and 1,807 patients (36.8%) were seen for the initial evaluation. Medical charts of 1,685 (93.2%) patients were reviewed: 952 (56.5%) were male patients and 733 were females. The mean age was 5.77 ± 4.92 years; 30.9% of the patients had a similar disease in the family. The top three presenting complaints that led to hospital seen were seizures (12.2%), paroxysmal events (10%), and headaches (9.2%). The most common diagnoses were epilepsy (18%), headache (8.6%), and developmental delay (7.8%). Our study describes the characteristics of the large number of patients seen for the first time in the child neurology outpatient clinic.

scholarly journals P.135 Epidemiology of spine infection in patients with history of IV drug use and HIV infection. Possibility of the secondary prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S51-S51
Author(s):  
K Meguro ◽  
R Meili ◽  
B Pirlot ◽  
U Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Iv Drug Use

Background: One of the major risk factors for spine infection is IV drug use and HIV infection. An increase in these risk factors has coincided with increased rates of spinal infection in Saskatchewan. However, the exact incidence and the clinical significance of spine infection associated with high-risk behavior is poorly understood. Methods: A retrospective review was completed for adult patients with discitis, osteomyelitis, or epidural abscess admitted to the Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan over the last eight years. Results: This study included 176 patients consisting of 41% with discitis, 69% with osteomyelitis and 45% with epidural abscess. Overall mortality was 3% and 16% of patients developed severe disability.40% of patients were intravenous drug users, 45% were hepatitis C positive and 12% were HIV positive. For the initial four years of our study we experienced 72 patients. We experienced 91 cases over the past four years. Geographical analysis showed high incidence areas within the city of Saskatoon. Conclusions: High rates of IV drug use, Hepatitis C, and HIV have important implications in terms of what measures would assist in prevention of this condition. Secondary prevention or early identification of patients may reduce the number of patients who require lengthy admission, surgery and long term care for disablity.

Specific inhibition of HIV-1 coreceptor activity by synthetic peptides corresponding to the predicted extracellular loops of CCR5

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Agrawal ◽  
Zainab VanHorn-Ali ◽  
Edward A. Berger ◽  
Ghalib Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Extracellular Loops ◽  
Gp 120 ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Analyze Structure ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract We used synthetic peptides to the extracellular loops (ECLs) of CCR5 to examine inhibitory effects on HIV infection/fusion with primary leukocytes and cells expressing recombinant CCR5. We show for the first time that peptides derived from the first, second, or third ECL caused dose-dependent inhibition of fusion and infection, although with varying potencies and specificities for envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from different strains. The first and third ECL peptides inhibited Envs from the R5 Ba-L strain and the R5X4 89.6 strain, whereas the second ECL peptide inhibited Ba-L but not 89.6 Env. None of the peptides affected fusion mediated by Env from the X4 LAV strain. Fusion mediated by Envs from several primary HIV-1 isolates was also inhibited by the peptides. These findings suggest that various HIV-1 strains use CCR5 domains in different ways. Experiments involving peptide pretreatment and washing, modulation of the expression levels of Env and CCR5, analysis of CCR5 peptide effects against different coreceptors, and inhibition of radiolabeled glycoprotein (gp) 120 binding to CCR5 suggested that the peptide-blocking activities reflect their interactions with gp120. The CCR5-derived ECL peptides thus provide a useful approach to analyze structure–function relationships involved in HIV-1 Env-coreceptor interactions and may have implications for the design of drugs that inhibit HIV infection.

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