scholarly journals Environmental testing of spring triticale under the conditions of the Middle Amur region

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
K. V. Zenkina ◽  
T. A. Aseeva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ecological Resistance ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Updating of the assortment of early spring cereal crops with high resistance to adverse factors is important specifically for the area of high-risk farming, which includes the Middle Amur region. The purpose of this research is to conduct an ecological study of spring triticale cultivars under the conditions of the Middle Amur region. The testing was carried out according to the ecological principles - research of the phonotypical variability of the structural elements of the productivity of spring triticale cultivars and their interrelation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Amur region. Cultivating different regional cultivars of spring triticale in this ecological zone allows you to successfully get 20-30 centers per hectare of grain, but when exposed to stressful environmental factors, the yield varies from the average value up to two times, both in the positive and negative sides. It has been established that the majority of spring triticale specimens are characterized by low ecological resistance to adverse environmental conditions. The revealed correlation relationships of the phenotypic variability of spring triticale indicate the complex and multifactorial nature of the formation of the main structural elements of the productivity of spring triticale under the influence of climate-forming fluctuations of the Middle Amur region. Phenotypic variability of productivity signs is of interest for further selective enhancement of triticale culture to increase the production process under the influence of natural and climatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Productivity and Adaptive Properties of Spring Triticale in the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
A. Tyslenko ◽  
D. Zuev ◽  
S. Skatova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Grain Crop

Spring triticale is a new grain crop created by the artificial crossing of winter rye with wheat. By productivity, biochemical qualities of grain, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses exceed the initial parental form. In this regard, it is in great demand in animal husbandry non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the spring triticale varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the Vladimir region. Evaluation of the breeding material was carried out according to the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. As a result of a four-year study of 14 zoned recognized varieties and promising numbers, it has been established that the formation of their yields occurs mainly due to the number of productive haulm stands, grains and productivity of the ear, with a thousand–kernel weight. The yield of feed grain varied from 2.30 t/ha to 6.16 t/ha, depending on the climatic conditions of the year. A high correlation was established between the yield and the structural elements of the ear — the number of grains in the ear (+0.60±0.12), the mass of grain from the ear (+ 0.56±10); medium — with a mass of 1000 grains (+0.46±16). Short-growing varieties Amore, Dorofeya and Amigo showed a maximum yield index of 43 — 46.1%. Varieties of spring triticale Norman, Dobroe, Dorofeya and promising numbers no. 35, T-396 was the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone and are recommended for cultivation in agricultural production.

EFFECTS OF THE SPRING TRITICALE GENOTYPES INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
К. V. Zenkina ◽  
Т. А. Aseeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Spring Triticale

As objects of research, 40 varieties and lines of spring triticale of various ecological and geographical origins were used. To identify the degree of influence of the genotype-environment interaction on the formation of the yield of spring triticale, differentiation of varieties according to yield levels was carried out and dispersive, correlation and regression analysis was used. The linear nature of the reaction of spring triticale genotypes to the environment is maintained as long as the loads of environmental factors do not exceed the buffer capacity of the varieties. The spring triticale yields were ranked during different vegetation periods and AC Certa, Grebeshok, Lana, Ulyana, Uzor, Lotos, Victoria, Losinovsk, Sandio samples were selected with optimal environmental resistance to stress factors of the Middle Amur Region. In the dispersion of the yield of spring triticale, the influence of environmental factors is 41.3%, varieties - 19.6%, and genotype-environment interactions - 39.1%. This suggests that during the formation of spring triticale yields, the conditions of the Middle Amur region prevail over the genotypes and the genotype-environment interaction. Based on the multiple correlation analysis, the cumulative effect of environmental factors on the production process of spring triticale (R = 0.554) was established. A mathematical model of spring triticale productivity has been created depending on the weather and climatic conditions of the growing season. According to the coefficients of the regression equation, photosynthetically active radiation (the regression coefficient is 0.5533) and the relative humidity of the air (the regression coefficient is 1.9640) during the organogenesis of spring triticale have a significant impact on the plant yield. The low environmental sustainability of the studied varieties and lines of spring triticale in the Middle Amur Region indicates the need to create a new source material as the basis of highly productive and sustainable agrobiocenosis.

scholarly journals Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
Faria Jannat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Metal

Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF SOME GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS FROM MURFATLAR VINEYARD IN THE SPECIAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE WINE YEAR 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Aurora Ranca ◽  
Anamaria Tănase ◽  
Sergiu-Ayar Ene
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weak Growth

The climate changes in Murfatlar vineyard in recent years consist inthe increase ofmonthly average temperatures, recorded in both cold and warm seasons, accompanied by an irregular distribution of rainfall during the year, which significantly influences the growth of grapevine, the quality and production of grapes.Six representative cultivars were studied, three for white wines: Chardonnay, Columna and Muscat Ottonel and three for red wines: Fetească Neagră, Mamaia and Cabernet Sauvignon. In the last two years (2019-2020) warm winters and very dry summers have led to the onset of budburst, almost simultaneously for all the studied cultivars, followed by a very weak growth and development of shoots (2020) and an acceleration development of phenophases, mainly berween veraison and ripening. Water stress during the vegetative period, a hygroscopicity below 60% between July and August and low vegetative apparatus influenced the growth ofthe berries, resulting small grapes, and a very low must yield in 2020.Concerning the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved more sugar concentrations in berries up to 35.8 g/L (in 2019) and 36.0 g/L (in 2020), higher than the values obtained in normal years. In the conditions of a pronounced dry climate manifested in the two years of study, the productions were below the normal level, especialy in 2020, achieving much diminished productions for all cultivars, except the Mamaia cultivar. The Mamaia cultivar had a positive reaction, registering an increase of production, that exceeded the multiannual value by 20% in 2020 andby 10% in 2019, the concentration of sugars in the must being above the average value obtained in normal years, exceeding by 3% and 9%, respectively, the multiannual average. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS Statistics 17.0, using mainly the Duncan test for a degree of significance of 5%.

The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
National University ◽  
Average Plant

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.

scholarly journals Geochemical Significance of Clay Minerals and Elements in Paleogene Sandstones in the Center of the Northern Margin of the Qaidam Basin, China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Sun ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jiajia Guo ◽  
Yetong Wang ◽  
Yongheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geochemical Significance ◽  
Continental Magmatic Arc

The average thickness of Paleogene sandstones reaches about 3000–4000 m at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. However, the provenance and sedimentary environment of these sandstones are uncertain; thus, more comprehensive research is needed. Integrated research is conducted on the provenance and weathering process based on petrographic characteristics, clay minerals, and geochemical compositions of sandstones in the center of the northern Qaidam Basin. The results of lithofacies analysis show that the Paleogene sandstones were mainly derived from an active continental magmatic arc, subduction accretion, or a fold-thrust belt. The average illite content in the Paleogene clay minerals is more than 50%, followed by chlorite and smectite, which reflect climatic and environmental characteristics that were arid to semi-arid, whereas the characteristics of carbon–oxygen isotopes reveal a mainly freshwater sedimentary environment. The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIAcorr) is between 56.3 and 75.7, with an average value of 66.5. These results indicate that the provenance of the Paleogene sandstones in the center of the northern Qaidam Basin mainly formed under cold and dry climatic conditions and experienced limited chemical weathering with a small amount that underwent intermediate chemical weathering under warm and humid conditions.

scholarly journals Lipids and Fatty Acids in Italian Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narducci ◽  
Finotti ◽  
Galli ◽  
Carcea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
International Association ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The level of variation in lipids and their fatty acids was determined in the grains of 10 popular durum wheat cultivars commercially grown in Central and Southern Italy. Samples were harvested for two consecutive years to account for differences due to changes in climatic conditions. Total fat content was determined by means of the International Association of Cereal Science and Technology (ICC) Standard Method No. 136, whereas the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. Total lipid content ranged from 2.97% to 3.54% dry basis (d.b.) in the year 2010 and from 3.10% to 3.50% d.b. in the year 2011, and the average value was 3.22% d.b. considering both years together. Six main fatty acids were detected in all samples in order of decreasing amounts: linoleic (C18:2) > palmitic (C16:0) ≈ oleic (C18:1) > linolenic (C18:3) > stearic (C18:0) > palmitoleic (C16:1). Significant variations in the levels of single acids between two years were observed for three samples. These results will be very useful in the updating of food composition databases in general and will help authorities to set proper quality standards for wholegrain flours and products where the germ should be preserved, considering also the recent interest of industry and consumers for these kinds of products.

scholarly journals Effects of atmospheric CO2 consumption on rock weathering in the Pearl River basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Qin ◽  
Zhongcheng Jiang ◽  
Liankai Zhang ◽  
Qibo Huang ◽  
Pengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Pearl River Basin ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Basin

Atmospheric CO2 is absorbed and dissolved in water via karst processes not only in carbonate rock areas, but in all rock areas of the earth. The chemical and isotopic analysis results, particularly of strontium, for water samples collected from eleven stations along the Pearl River, four times over the course of one year, showed that due to weathering by carbonate or silicate rocks, HCO3-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have become the main ions in the river water. Through river ion stoichiometric and flux calculations, the carbonate rock weathering rate and atmospheric CO2 consumption were found to be 27.6 mm/ka and 540 x 103 mol/km2.a, which are 10.8 and 6.7 times the corresponding values for silicate rock. With the beneficial climatic conditions for rock erosion and large areas of carbonate rock in the Pearl River Basin, the atmospheric CO2 consumption value is about 2.6 times the average value for the 60 major rivers in the world.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterization of FE-1 well, Onshore Western Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
F.O. Amiewalan ◽  
F.A. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Major Oxides ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
Niger Delta Basin

Major oxides and trace elements analysis was carried out on ditch cutting samples of FE-1 well, Onshore, Niger Delta Basin, to define their oxygen condition, paleo-climatic conditions, provenance, tectonic setting, sandstone classification and maturity of the sediments. Sedimentological analysis revealed five main lithofacies comprising of sandstone, shaly sand, mudstone, sandy clay and sandy shale. Geochemical results indicates that the average value of silica (87.1 wt. %) is far higher than the average values of the rest oxides which shows the duration and intensity of weathering and destruction of other minerals during transportation. Bivariate plot of La/Sc versus Th/Co, Zr versus TiO2, and trace elemental ratios of Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Cr/Th, La/Sc establishes that the source of the sediment are from felsic rock. Different chemical classification schemes characterized the sediments as quartzarenite, lithic arenites and Fe-rich sand. The plot of Log (K2O/Na2O) versus Log (SiO2/Al2O3) and K2O/Na2O versus SiO2 all plotted mainly in the passive margin zone. The low average value of uranium content, trace elemental ratios of U/Th, Ni/Co, Cu/Zn, V/Cr and binary plot of Ni/Co versus V/Cr indicated an oxic environment of deposition. However, the binary plot of Ni/Co versus V/ (V+Ni) indicates oxic to anoxic condition during deposition of the mixed marine and terrigenous source input sediment. Binary plot of SiO2 versus (Al2O3+Na2O+K2O) designates deposition mainly in humid/semi-humid climatic condition. The samples studied have a much higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio with low Fe2O3/K2O ratio, thus, they are mineralogically mature. The Al2O3/(CaO+MgO+Na2O+K2O) ratio inferred that there are stable mobile oxides in the samples. Keywords: Major oxides, lithic arenites, provenance, tectonic setting.  

Seasonal Abundance and Population Dynamics of a Bamboo Aphid, Takecallis arundinaria (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Coffelt ◽  
Peter B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Aphid Populations

The anholocyclic life cycle of the aphid Takecallis arundinaria (Essig) on golden stem bamboo, Phyllostachys aurea (Carrie're) was investigated in 1987 – 1988. Aphid populations peaked from March – May, declined from June – October, and peaked again in December. Aphid population dynamics were strongly influenced by climatic conditions. When aphid populations were at constant or rising levels, significantly more nymphs were found in the southern and eastern quadrants, than in the northern and western quadrants. This directionality may have allowed T. arundinaria populations to be exposed to increased sunlight and decreased winds during the winter and early spring periods. Alate viviparae had a mean fecundity of 147 nymphs and a longevity of 46.5 days. Predators were few and no parasites were found. An alternate host study revealed no aphids on yellow sticky traps placed on nine woody plant species.

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