Determination of prospectivity, plasticity and adaptive potential of new cultivars of spring barley from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

In the north-western region, barley is the main forage crop. Annually increasing demand of agriculture in forages challenges to create highly adaptive cultivars which under the conditions of unstable moistening and low fertility of sod-podzolic soils are capable to give high yields with good quality of production, resistant to the most widespread abiotic and biotic stressors. The objective of our research was to create new genotypes of spring barley with high economic and valuable characteristics of productivity. The research task was to study new collection samples of spring barley Hordeum vulgare L. by productivity and the main elements of the crop structure and to determine the indices of ecological plasticity, prospectivity, ear grain content, resistance to lodging and to determine the share of the ear in the total length of the stem, which characterize the adaptive ability of a cultivar. The research material was 14 new cultivars of spring barley obtained from the Federal Research Center “N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources”. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the work, the best cultivars for all studied characteristics were selected: Suzdalets (Russia), Chill (Germany), Zhana (France). These samples will be actively used in hybridization to create new genotypes of spring barley.

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Use of Prolamin Polymorphism to Describe Genetic Variation in a Collection of Barley Genetic Resources

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3720-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Vyhnánek ◽

J. Bednář ◽

S. Helánová ◽

L. Nedomová ◽

J. Milotová

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Core Collection ◽

Storage Proteins ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Two Samples

 The polymorphism of prolamin storage proteins was studied in seed samples of 20 historical cultivars of   spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Czech and Slovak origin, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Only two samples were uniform. Most heterogeneity of prolamin patterns was observed in the oldest accessions. By means of a prolamin identity index it was possible to distinguish sister lines from admixtures within the seed samples. The obtained spectra will be used as additional descriptors for the spring barley core collection of the Collection of Genetic Resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd.  

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HIGH-PRODUCTIVE FODDER VARIETY “ENDAN”

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5db84f60cb5627.05239263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Василий Блохин ◽

Vasiliy Blokhin ◽

Ирина Ганиева ◽

Irina Ganieva ◽

Игорь Сержанов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

High Yield ◽

Production Test ◽

New Variety ◽

Forage Crop ◽

High Productivity ◽

Feed Direction ◽

Adaptive Ability ◽

High Yields

Generating a variety of spring barley for feed use, which is the main forage crop in our region, and contributing to the main forage crop in our region, helps to increase the efficiency of livestock production. According to the results of scientific research, conducted in 2015-2018, a comparative assessment submitted for state variety testing in 2017 in 2 regions of the Russian Federation: Volga-Vyatskiy (4) and Srednevolzhskiy (7) the spring barley variety “Endan” showed, that it corresponds to the feed direction, characterized by high yield, environmental stability with increased feed grain quality. The new variety of spring barley “Endan” fully meets the basic requirements of agricultural production in many respects. In all the years of research, the “Endan” variety surpasses the standard “Raushan” variety in grain productivity. The feed direction value of this variety is that it has a high yield of crude protein per unit of sown area at high yields. The “Endan” variety combines high productivity with environmental stability and adaptive ability to external conditions. A production test proves the ability of this variety to produce high yields compared to the standard and the new Kamashevsky variety.

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Unbalanced historical phenotypic data from seed regeneration of a barley ex situ collection

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/sdata.2018.278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Y. Gonzalez ◽

Stephan Weise ◽

Yusheng Zhao ◽

Norman Philipp ◽

Daniel Arend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Model Organism ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Seed Regeneration

Abstract The scarce knowledge on phenotypic characterization restricts the usage of genetic diversity of plant genetic resources in research and breeding. We describe original and ready-to-use processed data for approximately 60% of ~22,000 barley accessions hosted at the Federal ex situ Genebank for Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Species. The dataset gathers records for three traits with agronomic relevance: flowering time, plant height and thousand grain weight. This information was collected for seven decades for winter and spring barley during the seed regeneration routine. The curated data represent a source for research on genetics and genomics of adaptive and yield related traits in cereals due to the importance of barley as model organism. This data could be used to predict the performance of non-phenotyped individuals in other collections through genomic prediction. Moreover, the dataset empowers the utilization of phenotypic diversity of genetic resources for crop improvement.

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Agro-morphological diversity of traditional fig cultivars grown in central-western Spain

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1602533p ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 533-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Remedios Morales-Corts ◽

Ángeles Gómez-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Point Of View ◽

Synonymies And Homonymies ◽

New Varieties ◽

Western Spain ◽

High Yields

There are not many exhaustive works addressing the agromorphological characterization of traditional fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars in Spain. In order to analyze the diversity of these fig genetic resources, twelve traditional fig cultivars from the Central-Western Region of Spain were surveyed and characterized agromorphologically. A total of forty descriptors, mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, were used to describe the fruits, leaves and the tree itself over two consecutive years (2013-2014). Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters from a commercial point of view, such as two crops per year (breba and fig), high yields, and fruit quality. This was the case of the fig cultivar widely distributed through the Duero river valley called ?Cuarter?n?. Its fruits were quite heavy and sweet (breba: 93.75 g and 25.91? Brix; fig: 42.41 g and 31.50? Brix), easy to peel, and juicy. Principal component analysis revealed that more than 67% of the agromorphological variability observed was explained by the first three components, some of the breba size parameters (fruit and neck length and fruit width) being the most important factors in differentiating the genotypes. A dendrogram clustered the cultivars into two major groups (unifera and bifera type) and revealed existing synonymies and homonymies. ?Carballar Negra? and ?Moscatel? were the only fig cultivars which did not have breba crops. This work is an important step in the conservation of genetic fig resources in Spain.

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Starting material for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties

Plant Breeding and Seed Production ◽

10.30835/2413-7510.2021.236980 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

O. M. Bezuhla ◽

L. N. Kobyzeva

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Starting Material ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

High Yields ◽

Wild Lentil ◽

Intensive Work

Materials and methods. As of January 1, 2021, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine has a collection comprising 1,101 lentil specimens from 54 countries, including 90 Ukrainian specimens. Of these, 17% are breeding varieties, 45% are breeding lines, 37% are trivially bred varieties and forms, and about 1% are five wild lentil species. The collection specimens were evaluated in accordance with valid methods. Our objective was to evaluate the collection for the traits that determine ease of production and to offer starting material for breeding. Our purpose was to identify sources of valuable economic characteristics for the breeding of easily producible lentil varieties. Results and discussion. Basing on the multi-year results, we selected and proposed the starting material to create easily producible lentil varieties with the following characteristics: high yields of seeds (11 macrosperma sources (Krasnohradska 5 originating from Ukraine [1000-seed weight = 73 g]; 1913 T 15 from Canada [66 g]; UD0600141 from Spain [91 g]; and others) and 25 microsperma sources (UD0600707 from Ukraine [34 g]; Miledi from Russia [38 g]; CDC Redcap from Canada [38 g]; and others)); suitability for mechanized harvesting (6 macrosperma sources (Mistseva 5 from Ukraine, Ilina from Slovakia, 1921 T 11 from Canada, and others) and 18 microsperma sources (Novourenskaya 3565 from Russia, Pozdnyaya from the Czech Republic, CDC Redwing from Canada, and others)); improved biochemical composition and high cooking qualities of seeds (3 macrosperma sources (local accessions: UD0600141 from Spain, UD0600329 from Syria, UD0600151 from Mexico) and 10 microsperma sources (local accessions: UD0600451 from Bulgaria, UD0600017 from Afghanistan, UD0600979 from Israel, and others)). Conclusions. For 30 years of intensive work of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, divers and original staring material of lentil has been collected and studied; sources of valuable economic characteristics have been identified for breeding programs of research institutions of Ukraine and other countries

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Bioactive Components in Oat and Barley Grain as a Promising Breeding Trend for Functional Food Production

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2260

Author(s):

Natalia A. Shvachko ◽

Igor G. Loskutov ◽

Tatyana V. Semilet ◽

Vitaliy S. Popov ◽

Olga N. Kovaleva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Formation Pathway ◽

Available Information

Cereal crops, such as oats and barley, possess a number of valuable properties that meet the requirements for functional diet components. This review summarized the available information about bioactive compounds of oat and barley grain. The results of studying the structure and physicochemical properties of the cell wall polysaccharides of barley and oat are presented. The main components of the flavonoids formation pathway are shown and data, concerning anthocyanins biosynthesis in various barley tissues, are discussed. Moreover, we analyzed the available information about structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Hordeum vulgare L. genome, including β-glucan biosynthesis genes in Avena sativa L species. However, there is not enough knowledge about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of β-glucans and corresponding enzymes and plant polyphenols. The review also covers contemporary studies about collections of oat and barley genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). This review intended to provide information on the processes of biosynthesis of biologically active compounds in cereals that will promote further researches devoted to transcription factors controlling expression of structural genes and their role in other physiological processes in higher plants. Found achievements will allow breeders to create new highly productive varieties with the desirable properties.

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Breeding spring barley for ecological plasticity and adaptability in the North-Western Region

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202700067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 00067

Author(s):

Lyubov Bondareva ◽

Dmitry Danilov ◽

Lyudmila Kartashova

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Ecological Plasticity ◽

The North ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Selection Of

Creation of productive and plastic varieties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to adverse weather factors will improve the efficiency of grain production in conditions of low fertility of sodpodzolic soils in the Leningrad region in Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the environmental plasticity and adaptation features of the new line of spring barley in comparison with the standards: Suzdalets variety (nutans variety) and Leningradsky variety (pallidum variety). The main abiotic stressors for spring barley plants are increased acidity and low supply with plant nutrients, drought followed with excess moisture at the end of the growing season. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods generally accepted for these studies were used in this work. Using the ecological plasticity index (Isp) and the generative to reproductive organs length ratio ds /dk simplifies the task of evaluating hybrids, lines, and varieties. Genotype-environment interaction is a complex process both in its nature and in intensity. The selection of promising variety samples is aimed at isolating genotypes for which the influence of this interaction is minimal. Of particular importance in the selection of spring barley is the creation of varieties with a genetically determined mechanism of protection against adverse environmental factors.

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