scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory studies of methanol leaf extracts of two tomato varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun Victor Omotoyinbo ◽  
Emmanuel Olumide Awojulu ◽  
David Morakinyo Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Ic50 Value

This study evaluated the phytochemical compositions, antioxidant properties, chlorophyll content and anti-tyrosinase activity of methanol leaf extracts of two tomato varieties, Lycopersicon esculentum (var. Eva F1) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill (var. Hausa). The dried pulverized of the plant’s leaves were extracted by decoction and mild agitation. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannin, glycoside, saponin, terpenoid and anthraquinone were present in the extracts of both varieties examined, while alkaloid and phlobatannin were confirmed absent in the extracts. The presence of steroid was observed in var. Eva F1 but absent in var. Hausa. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of var. Eva F1 were 505.9 ± 2.61 mg GAE/ge, and 35.5 ± 1.64 mg RE/ge, while var. Hausa recorded a TPC and TFC value of 344.3 ± 2.01 and 7.8 ± 0.15 mg RE/ge respectively. The chlorophyll content of the extracts were 6.6 ± 0.02 mg/ge (chlorophyll a), 5.7 ± 0.05 mg/ge (chlorophyll b) and 12.6 ± 0.14 mg/ge (total chlorophyll content) for Eva F1 variety, while the chlorophyll contents for var. Hausa were 7.6 ± 0.32 mg.ge (chlorophyll a), 5.6 ± 0.06 mg/ge (chlorophyll b) and 13.7 ± 0.14 mg/ge. Eva F1 and Hausa showed percentage inhibition of 76.3 % and 61.2 % at 400 μg/mL. The IC50 value of var. Eva F1 and var. Hausa were 110 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL. The inhibition constant (KI) of var. Eva F1 and var. Hausa, were 0.006 and 0.016 μg/mL, respectively, and both extracts showed partial competitive inhibition. Hence, this confirms the phytoprotective and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of tomato plant leaves.

scholarly journals Optimization of chlorophyll extraction solvent of bulung sangu (Gracilaria sp.) seaweed

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
M M V Sasadara ◽  
N M D M W Nayaka ◽  
P E S K Yuda ◽  
N L K A A Dewi ◽  
E Cahyaningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Pigment Extraction ◽  
Chlorophyll D

Abstract Algae are a photosynthetic organism, affordable and naturally rich in nutrients and a valuable source of bioactive substances such as natural pigments. Bulung sangu (Gracilaria sp.) is red macroalgae that wildly grows and distributes in Bali. The aim of this work was to optimize the solvent to extract the chlorophyll content of Bulung sangu. The pigment extraction was carried out using different solvents (100% methanol, 100% ethanol, and 90% acetone). The chlorophyll contents including chlorophyll a,b,c,d and total chlorophyll were measured using spectrophotometry UV-VIS and expressed in µg/g of algae. The results showed that chlorophyll c could not be extracted using all used solvent, while chlorophyll b can only be extracted using acetone. Acetone produced the highest concentration of chlorophyll a (717.52 ± 9.71 µg/g), chlorophyll b (7.23 ± 0.24 µg/g), chlorophyll d (21.93 ± 1.07 µg/g), and chlorophyll total (746.67 ± 8.99 µg/g) compared to other solvent, that were significantly different (p<0.05). The second solvent to produce the highest concentration of chlorophyll a, d, and total chlorophyll was methanol which produced 578.77 ± 9.74 µg/g, 5.50 ± 0.12 µg/g and 584.27 ± 9.62 µg/g of chlorophyll content, respectively, followed by ethanol which produced 520.98 ± 2.52 µg/g of chlorophyll a, 3.56 ± 0.25 µg/g for chlorophyll d, and 524.54 ± 2.30 µg/g for total chlorophyll. Acetone is considered the most effective solvent to extract the chlorophyll content of Bulung sangu.

scholarly journals Kandungan Pigmen, Total Fenolik Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Sargassum sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo ◽  
Victorina Yulina Santi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic Compound ◽  
Ic50 Value

Pigmen content, total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity Sargassum sp.   Sargassum sp. contains secondary metabolites which potentially act as natural source of antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine bioactive contents (pigments, total phenolic compounds), and antioxidant activities of Sargassum sp. The method of this research is descriptive-explorative.  Sample was extracted with methanol, while pigments extraction with aseton 80%.  Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were carried out with spectrophotometer method. The total phenolic compounds were analyzed by spectrophotometer method using Follin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhidrazyl) method. The result of this research showed that methanol extract of Sargassum sp. had the presence of chlorophyll a 2.84 mg/g, chlorophyll b 1.15 mg/g, and carotenoids 2.63 μmol/g sample. The total phenolic compounds of methanol extract were 57.97 mg GAE/g sample. Methanol extract of Sargassum sp. was showing a strong antioxidant activity that could be seen in IC50 value (69,27 ppm) in less than 100 ppm concentration. Sargassum sp. mengandung beberapa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji komponen bioaktif (pigmen, total fenolik) dan aktivitas antioksidan dari rumput laut Sargassum sp. Metoda penelitian ini adalah diskriptif eksploratif.  Sampel Sargassum sp. basah diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut  metanol, sedangkan ekstraksi pigmen menggunakan aseton 80%. Penentuan kadar pigmen (klorofil a, b, karotenoid ), total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan metode spektrofotometri. Total fenolik diukur berdasarkan uji Follin-Ciocalteu, dan   aktivitas antioksidan  berdasarkan uji DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhidrazyl). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp.  mengandung pigmen klorofil a sebesar 2,84 mg/g, klorofil b sebesar 1,15 mg/g, dan karotenoid sebesar 2,63 μmol/g. Kadar total fenolik ekstrak metanol adalah 57,97 mgGAE/g, sementara aktivitas antioksidannya  (IC50) sebesar 69,27 ppm.  Berdasarkan nilai IC50nya, ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp berpotensi sebagai antioksidan kuat (kurang dari 100 ppm).

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Whey Beverages and Fruit and Vegetable Mousses

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3126
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Purkiewicz ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Whey Beverages ◽  
Β Carotene

The study assesses the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and lipophilic pigments (β-carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) content in homemade and marketed fruit and vegetable whey beverages and fruit and vegetable mousses. All of the tests were performed using spectrophotometric methods. The highest polyphenol content was found in the homemade green whey beverage W1G (541.95 mg/100 g) and the lowest in the market green whey beverage W2G (46.18 mg/100 g). In the fruit and vegetable mousses under study, the highest content of polyphenolic compounds was determined in the red mousse R3 (76.41 mg/100 g). The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the homemade orange whey beverage W1O (63.06 mg/100 g) and in the green mousse G2 (69.80 mg/100 g). The values of the antioxidant activity of whey beverages and mousses varied depending on the composition. The highest content of β-carotene was identified in homemade orange whey beverage (4.36 mg/100 g) and in orange mousses (in range 1.10–2.24 mg/100 g), while chlorophylls a and b—in homemade green whey beverage W1G (3.00 mg/100 g and 1.31 mg/100 g respectively) and in green mousses (chlorophyll a in range 0.54 to 1.42 mg/100 g and chlorophyll b in range 0.13 to 0.32 mg/100 g).

scholarly journals Shading Effects on Leaf Gas Exchange, Leaf Pigments and Secondary Metabolites of Polygonum minus Huds., an Aromatic Medicinal Herb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Fairuz Fatini Mohd Yusof ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Polygonum Minus

The growing demand for high value aromatic herb Polygonum minus-based products have increased in recent years, for its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Although few reports have indicated the chemical profiles and antioxidative effects of Polygonum minus, no study has been conducted to assess the benefits of micro-environmental manipulation (different shading levels) on the growth, leaf gas exchange and secondary metabolites in Polygonum minus. Therefore, two shading levels (50%:T2 and 70%:T3) and one absolute control (0%:T1) were studied under eight weeks and 16 weeks of exposures on Polygonum minus after two weeks. It was found that P. minus under T2 obtained the highest photosynthesis rate (14.892 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), followed by T3 = T1. The increase in photosynthesis rate was contributed by the enhancement of the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). This was shown by the positive significant correlations observed between photosynthesis rate with chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.536; p ≤ 0.05) and chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.540; p ≤ 0.05). As the shading levels and time interval increased, the production of total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant properties of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also increased. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also significantly enhanced under T2 and T3. The current study suggested that P.minus induce the production of more leaf pigments and secondary metabolites as their special adaptation mechanism under low light condition. Although the biomass was affected under low light, the purpose of conducting the study to boost the bioactive properties in Polygonum minus has been fulfilled by 50% shading under 16 weeks’ exposure.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Abrus Precatorius Seed Extracts on Hep2c Cells and its Inhibitory Efficacy with Receptors of Cervical Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Kaur ◽  
Yash Sharma ◽  
Kamran Waidha ◽  
Madhumita P Ghosh ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a significantly higher total flavonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identified in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of chlorophyll content in maize by mixed major and polygene models

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Jia-Xing Sun ◽  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Shuang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Segregation Analysis ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Joint Segregation ◽  
Joint Segregation Analysis

Chlorophyll is an important factor which also affects the yield in maize. In this study, genetic analysis of chlorophyll content was conducted by joint segregation analysis of four generations P1, P2, F1 and F2:4 from the cross Shen3336?Shen3265 using the mixed major genes and polygenes inheritance models. Genetics of chlorophyll revealed that chlorophyll ?a? was controlled by two main gene having additive-dominanceepistasis effects. The heritability of these genes were 56.3%. Chlorophyll ?b? was controlled by two pairs of codominant major gene plus additive-dominance polygene. The heritability of these major genes and polygenes were 1.12% and 93.26% respectively. Chlorophyll ?a+b? was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominance- epistatic major genes plus additive-dominance polygene having heritability of 56.2% and 5.2% respectively.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Klorofil Pada Anak Daun Tanaman Kelapa (Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Children Leaves of Coconut Plants)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tawary ◽  
Julius Pontoh ◽  
Lydia Momuat
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Analisis Kandungan Klorofil Pada Anak Daun Tanaman Kelapa (Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Children Leaves of Coconut Plants) Muhammad Tawary1*), Julius Pontoh1), Lydia I.Momuat1)1)Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA UNSRAT Manado*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 7 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kelapa banyak dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman pertanian. Tanaman kelapa memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi karena hampir semua bagian tanaman kelapa memiliki manfaat ekonomis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk  mengembangkan metode analisis klorofil pada daun dan menentukan bagian anak daun yang memiliki kandungan klorofil tertinggi. Analisis kandungan klorofil dilakukan dengan metode ektraksi pelarut yang absorbansinya dibaca pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kandungan klorofil a dalam daun bervariasi pada setiap bagian anak daun tanaman kelapa. Kandungan klorofil a pada posisi tengah anak daun kelapa (763.19 µmol/m2) dan kandungan klorofil b (196.22 µmol/m2). Kandungan klorofil a dan b pada setiap bagian anak daun dan posisi kanan dan kiri anak daun memiliki nilai yang relatif sama.Kata kunci: Kelapa, klorofil a, klorofil b Abstract Many coconut plants are cultivated as agricultural crops. Coconut plants have high economic value because almost all parts of coconut plants have economic benefits. The study aims to develop a method of chlorophyll analysis on leaves and determine the part of leaflets which have the highest chlorophyll content. Analysis of chlorophyll content was carried out by a solvent extraction method in which the absorbance was read in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The content of chlorophyll a in leaves varies with each part of the leaves of the coconut plant. Chlorophyll a content in the middle position of coconut leaf child (763.19 µmol / m2) and chlorophyll b content (196.22 µmol / m2). The content of chlorophyll a and b in each part of the leaf child and the right and left positions of the leaves have relatively the same value.Keywords: Coconut, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b

scholarly journals Variations of Chlorophyll Content at Abies alba and Nepeta pannonica Species According to Phenophase and Harvesting Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
S. Buhăianu ◽  
Doina Carmen Jităreanu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Abstract Chlorophylls from plants are photosynthetic pigments. Their quantity offers valuable informations about photosynthetic activity, growing and developing of plants. Photosynthetic pigments decrease quantitatively during senescence process or in stress conditions. The present study has been realized in laboratory conditions with material harvested from spontaneous flora. The purpose of this research was the investigation of variations of chlorophyll content from samples of biological material collected from Nepeta pannonica L. and Abies alba Mill. plants, from Câmpulung Moldovenesc and Cacica areas, Suceava county, Romania. The targeted phenophases were growth and flowering. There were realized acetonic extracts from samples for spectrophotometric determinations. Obtained data were processed to estabilish chlorophyll a and b content. There were observed that at Abies alba species, from both locations, the chlorophyll a content grew during flowering phenophase, while the chlorophyll b content had little variations. At Nepeta pannonica species, the chlorophyll a and b content decreased visibly during the flowering, due to stress. Leaves of plants from this species presented a intense green color in the growing phenophase, while during flowering phenophase they had a purple or yellow coloration. Obtained results revealed a different dynamics of chlorophyll content at studied species.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Byproduct Extracts of Vitis vinifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Positive Effects

Aqueous extracts were obtained at low temperature with the Naviglio technology from grapevine stalks (Merlot), marc (Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon) and leaves (Merlot) as typical byproducts of winemaking industry, and their properties were evaluated cytofluorometrically on human dermal fibroblasts. Leaf extracts had the greatest total phenolic ((47.6±3.5) mg/g) and proanthocyanidin ((24.2±0.1) mg/g) contents compared to the others. The preliminary colorimetric MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay individuated two consecutive non-toxic volume fractions of each extract (from 0.8 to 12.8 %) that were adopted for three cytofluorometric tests. The first cell membrane test did not evidence any harmful effects against plasma membranes at the two non-toxic volume fractions. The second mitochondrial membrane test showed a decreased (p&lt;0.01) percentage of cells ((15.7±8.3) vs (32.5±1.3) %) with active polarized mitochondrial membranes at the higher non-cytotoxic volume fractions of extracts from Cabernet Sauvignon marc in response to 4.5 mM H2O2, and from Merlot stalks (p&lt;0.05) at 1.5 mM H2O2 ((49.3±6.1) vs (64.6±2.4) %) and without H2O2 ((89.7±2.4) vs (96.9±1.8) %), compared to the controls submitted to the same H2O2 concentration. Conversely, mitochondrial activity of leaf extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased ((96.3±1.8) and (96.4±1.4) %) after treatment with 0.5 mM H2O2 at both non-cytotoxic volume fractions compared to control ((88.2±1.1) %). Finally, as evidenced by the third oxidative status test, stalk extracts did not evidence relevant effects on the cellular oxidative state, while the extracts of marc and leaves demonstrated significantly medium (p&lt;0.05) to highly (p&lt;0.001) positive effects following exposure to H2O2 ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 mM, compared to controls.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Kulit Pisang Dan Azolla Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kangkung Darat Dengan Sistem Akuaponik

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maria Sastriana ◽  
Ngadiani Ngadiani
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Weight Test

The aim of this study was to compare the organic fertilizer of azolla pinnata and banana peel and a combination of azolla pinnata and banana peel with the same concentration of 800 ppm to the weight of harvest and the chlorophyll content of ground spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). The experiment was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with control treatment, 800 ppm azolla pinnata, 800 ppm banana skin and a combination of azolla pinnata and banana peels 800 ppm which were repeated 6 times each. The application was carried out by pouring 800 ppm of azolla pinnata, 800 ppm of banana peel and a combination of azolla pinnata and 800 ppm banana peel on each gutter. The results showed that azolla pinnata and banana peel nutrition had a significant effect (P <0.05) on harvest weight and chlorophyll content of ground spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). Nutrition azolla pinnata and banana peel with a concentration of 800 ppm can increase the weight of the land spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Which has the highest average. In testing the chlorophyll content, the results of chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and the highest total chlorophyll content was found in azolla pinnata 800 ppm nutrition. The results of this study concluded that 800 ppm azolla pinnata, 800 ppm banana peel and 800 ppm combination of azolla pinnata and banana peel in the growth of ground spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Were effective to increase harvest weight and increase chlorophyll content of land spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Namely chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of land spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.).   Keywords: ground kale, azolla pinnata, banana peel, harvest weight, test of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document