scholarly journals Mycotoxin absorbents in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Rafael de Assis ◽  
Aline Cardoso Mota de Assis ◽  
Geferson Antonio Fernandes ◽  
Eloiza Baena da Silva ◽  
Juslei Figueiredo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Production System ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Ingestion of mycotoxins by animals causes damage to the production system and can still be transferred to animal products, including milk. Due to its carcinogenic and genotoxic potential, the intake of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, is relevant to human health. The use of mycotoxin-absorbing agents has gained attention in dairy cattle nutrition. Therefore, it aimed to conduct a literature review on the use of mycotoxin absorbers in the dairy cattle diet. Mycotoxin absorbing agents can be of organic or inorganic origin, the inorganic ones being the most studied. Inorganic and organic agents have been shown to be effective in reducing the transfer of aflatoxin M1 to milk. However, the inclusion of mixed agents (organic and inorganic) is promising as a potential for mycotoxin absorption. In general, organic, inorganic and mixed absorbents showed positive results in improving the antioxidant and inflammatory status in the liver.

RESULTS OF MONITORING THE SAFETY OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-388
Author(s):  
Vasiliy I. Belousov ◽  
◽  
Evgenia A. Romanenko ◽  
Alisa A. Varentsova ◽  
Gulnara А. Nurlygayanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Results

The article presents the results of monitoring of the residues of prohibited and harmful substances carried out in 2020 by state veterinary laboratories under the jurisdiction of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Monitoring studies of food and feed are currently carried out by 33 regional veterinary laboratories, while microbiological studies are conducted for the presence of salmonella, listeria, CMAFAnM, BGCP, staphylococci, somatic cells, toxic elements (lead, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc, iron), antibiotics (teracycline, penicillin bacitracin, streptomycin, levomycetin), pesticides (DDT, HCG), mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1, B1), radionuclides, histamine and polychlorinated biphenyls, oxymethylfurfural, diastase number (honey). In total, in 2020, veterinary laboratories of the subjects of the Russian Federation tested 151,408 samples of products, for which 59,1009 studies were conducted and 3508 (0.6%) positive results were obtained. The following products were studied: meat of all animal species and offal (13.3%), milk (68.3%), fish (6.6%), honey (1%), egg (0.3%), feed (7%). The largest number of positive results was obtained in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Altai Territory. In the same regions, a greater number of studies were conducted (more than 130 thousand). The smallest number of studies was conducted in the Vladimir Region and the Republic of Karelia (less than 200 samples). Non-compliance with veterinary and sanitary requirements was mainly detected in fish (1.3%), milk (0.7%) and offal (0.6%). In the remaining products, the discrepancies ranged from 0.02 to 0.2%.

A worldwide systematic literature review for aflatoxin M1 in infant formula milk: Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108681
Author(s):  
Kiomars Sharafi ◽  
Behzad Karami Matin ◽  
Abdullah Khalid Omer ◽  
Borhan Mansouri ◽  
Hamed Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Infant Formula Milk

Reduction of Milk Contamination with Aflatoxin-M1 through Vaccination of Dairy Cattle with Aflatoxin-B1 Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Before And After

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jiri Patocka ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Patrik Oleksak ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The World

Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic with enormous consequences for human health and the world economy. Remdesivir is the only drug in the world that has been approved for the treating of COVID-19. This drug, as well as vaccination, still has uncertain effectiveness. Drug repurposing could be a promising strategy how to find an appropriate molecule: rapamycin could be one of them. The authors performed a systematic literature review of available studies on the research describing rapamycin in association with COVID-19 infection. Only peer-reviewed English-written articles from the world’s acknowledged databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer and Scopus were involved. Five articles were eventually included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that rapamycin seems to be a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. In addition, it may represent a better candidate for COVID-19 therapy than commonly tested antivirals. It is also likely that its efficiency will not be reduced by the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

Corn silage as a source of aflatoxin B1 in feed for dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2759-2764
Author(s):  
DRAGAN GLAMOČIĆ ◽  
MIROSLAVA POLOVINSKI HORVATOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR JAJIĆ ◽  
SAŠA KRSTOVIĆ ◽  
MIRKO IVKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Grain

Nutrition of dairy cattle is based on two components, concentrates and forages. The main forages in Vojvodina, north province of Serbia is silage made from the whole plant of corn. After the outbreak of aflatoxin B1 in corn in 2012, the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn as a source of contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk was very broadly investigated. There is no data regarding the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in silage and how much silage can contribute to the overall intake of aflatoxin B1 in this region. This work is an attempt to estimate how much silage, in condition and practice used in Vojvodina, contributes to the intake of aflatoxin B1, and consequently aflatoxin M1 in milk. In total, 82 samples of corn grain and 72 samples of corn silage were analyzed on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 during 2017-2018 period. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 13.41% of corn samples in the range from 6.82 to 187.5 ppb (average 63.5 ppb). All positive samples were from 2017, while no positive samples were found during 2018. Incidence of aflatoxin B1 in silage was 54.17% in the range of 3.5-58.0 ppb (12% moisture content) or 0.95-16.1 ppb in the fresh matter. Results suggest that silage can be a significant factor to overall intake of aflatoxin B1 and that further research is needed.

Review: Etnotaksonomi dan bioekologi tumbuhan pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Syafitri Hidayati ◽  
Ervizal A.M. Zuhud ◽  
Ivan Khofian Adiyaksa ◽  
Primadhika Al Manar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Eurycoma longifolia (EL) is a species that have economical benefit as medicinal ingredients for human health. This species grows in tropical forest areas with high rainfall. Research on the ecology of EL has been done a lot, but research related to ethnotaxonomic, bioecology that includes morphology, ecology, and the association of EL with other plants hasn’t been done much. This study aim to analyze the bioecology of EL plant. The method is literature study, which is looking for literature on the results of research that has been carried out related to EL. The results showed that EL has long been known by the communities of Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia with several local names. This plant is also associated with other plants around where it grows, one of which is kempas (Koompassia malaccensis). Based on the results of literature review, research on natural regeneration of EL hasn’t been done much. Therefore, there is a need for research related to the natural regeneration of EL. In addition, it is necessary to conduct research related to the characteristics of the place to grow for optimal cultivation of EL. Thus, the preservation of EL in the future can be maintained.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTION DIAGNOSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM: STATE OF THE ART IN 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Bonamigo ◽  
Helio Aisenberg Ferenhof ◽  
Fernando Antonio Forcellini
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Production System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Business Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem State

In the pursuit of identify ways for a better understanding the barriers of the dairy production system, we sought to diagnose them from the perspective of the business ecosystem concept, through a systematic literature review. Thus, we use content analysis to serve as the basis for analysis and discussion of the barriers of dairy production. Resulting a total of fifteen barriers, properly presented and discussed. In addition, we provide some insights to mitigate these barriers. The study presents contribution to the development of dairy production by providing assistance to develop strategies for producers’ cooperatives, government agencies, milk producers, hulling industries products from milk. Based on the perspective of the business ecosystem is possible to have a broader view of the scenario where dairy production occurs and recognize the barriers of dairy production system. And once identified these barriers, it is possible to devise strategies to eliminate or mitigate these barriers. 

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