scholarly journals Penyuluhan Kesehatan tentang Faktor Penyebab Kekambuhan Pasien Skizofrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika Pebrianti
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Repeat Visits ◽  
The Brain

Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the brain and causes strange and disturbed thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements and behaviors called schizophrenia (Videbeck, 2008). Globally, the recurrence rate in people with mental disorders reaches 50% -92% due to non-compliance in treatment or due to lack of support and vulnerable living conditions with increased stress (Sheewangisaw, 2012). Clients diagnosed with schizophrenia are estimated to have a 50% relapse in the first year, 70% in the second year after discharge from hospital, and a 100% recurrence in the fifth year. . Data on patient visits at the Outpatient Polyclinic of RSJD Jambi Province in 2016 amounted to 38,330 visits, of which 35,448 visits were repeat visits and the remaining 2882 were new visits. It is hoped that the results of health education activities for patients and their families will understand the concept of nursing problems that cause mental disorder patients to recur.

scholarly journals Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Müller ◽  
Manuela Bombana ◽  
Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrenner ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
Martin Bohus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mental disorders are related to high individual suffering and significant socio-economic burdens. However, it remains unclear to what extent self-reported mental distress is related to individuals’ days of incapacity to work and their medical costs. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-reported mental distress for specific and non-specific days of incapacity to work and specific and non-specific medical costs over a two-year span. Method Within a longitudinal research design, 2287 study participants’ mental distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were included as predictors in generalized linear models with a Tweedie distribution with log link function to predict participants’ days of incapacity to work and medical costs retrieved from their health insurance routine data during the following two-year period. Results Current mental distress was found to be significantly related to the number of specific days absent from work and medical costs. Compared to participants classified as no cases by the HADS (2.6 days), severe case participants showed 27.3-times as many specific days of incapacity to work in the first year (72 days) and 10.3-times as many days in the second year (44 days), and resulted in 11.4-times more medical costs in the first year (2272 EUR) and 6.2-times more in the second year (1319 EUR). The relationship of mental distress to non-specific days of incapacity to work and non-specific medical costs was also significant, but mainly driven from specific absent days and specific medical costs. Our results also indicate that the prevalence of presenteeism is considerably high: 42% of individuals continued to go to work despite severe mental distress. Conclusions Our results show that self-reported mental distress, assessed by the HADS, is highly related to the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in the two-year period. Reducing mental distress by improving preventive structures for at-risk populations and increasing access to evidence-based treatments for individuals with mental disorders might, therefore, pay for itself and could help to reduce public costs.

Ordering Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Graham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

The basic claims of the chapter are, first, that mental disorders are not best understood as types of brain disorder, even though mental disorders are based in the brain. And, second, that the difference between the two sorts of disorders can be illuminated by the sorts of treatment or therapy that may work for the one type (a mental disorder) but not for the other type (a brain disorder). In the discussion some of the diagnostic implications and difficulties associated with these two basic claims are outlined.

The Relation of Unresolved Infective Processes Following Acute Infective Diseases to the Causation of Mental Disorder

1929 ◽  
Vol 75 (308) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
Mental Disturbances ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Circulatory Disturbances

When I first began the study of mental disorders, I realized that patients were, apart from their mental disorder, physically ill, and I was attracted to a study of the circulatory disturbances in these cases. This led me to consider whether these general circulatory disturbances were responsible for the mental state, in the same way that intracranial circulatory disturbances were in surgical brain cases showing mental symptoms. Examination almost invariably revealed weakness of the heart's action, irregularity of the pulse, low or high blood-pressure, and disturbances of the peripheral circulation. It was thus conceivable that disturbance of blood composition and supply might cause disturbance of oxidation in the brain and that many of these abnormal circulatory manifestations might be responsible for the production of mental disturbances. A study of various physiological and biochemical observations suggested that possibly there was in these cases some deficiency of essential salts, such as calcium. This led me to the treatment of mental disorders by the administration of salts of calcium—choosing calcium lactate. Fortunately I found at that time (1919) a very remarkable case showing severe mental symptoms and unusual circulatory disturbances.

scholarly journals Effect of Living Conditions on the Development of Multiplets Born in the Danzig Province in 1957-1971

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
M. Kaminska ◽  
A. Ksiezopolska-Kaczorowska ◽  
A. Marek ◽  
B. Gumkowska-Kaminska ◽  
M. Bogdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
First Year ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Second Year

The development of a total of 58 triplets, quadruplets, and quintuplets, born in the province of Danzig in the years 1957-1971, is analysed. The examinations show that the physical development of multiplets in the first year of age is similar to that of singletons, irrespective of their social conditions. In the second year of age, however, multiplets with bad social conditions showed a much worse rate of development.Only half of the 56 children examined by a psychologist reached IQ norms, the others being on the verge of normalcy and mental deficiency, or even lower. Out of 30 school-age children, 16 had difficulties in learning and 15 of these showed features of mental development deficiency.

DYNAMICS OF VARIABILITY OF MICROBIOTES OF THE CAVITY OF THE MOUTH AND THE GREAT INTESTINENT OF YOUNG MEN WHEN CHANGING THE CONDITIONS OF LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
V. M. Chervinets ◽  
Yu. V. Chervinets ◽  
Elina Sergeevna Kravchuk ◽  
E. B. Ganina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Men Students ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Second Year

The purpose of the work is to determine the spectrum, quantity and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men under changes of living conditions. A survey was conducted of 14 nonresident young men, students of the 1st and 2nd courses, studying at Tver State Medical University, which included questions about the place of birth, living conditions, the presence of chronic diseases and the frequency of their exacerbations over the past year, water and food regimes, physical exertion, the presence of bad habits and emotional stress, etc. The oral fluid and feces were examined to determine the spectrum and amount of microbiota of the upper and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract. As the result of the survey, it was found that the living conditions of all young men significantly worsened among second-year students than freshmen. It was revealed that colon microbiota in sophomores characterized by less diverse than those of first-year, despite of a marked increase in the number of opportunistic pathogens (Stаphylocоccus spp., Strерtocoсcus spp., Clоstridium spp., Васillus spp., Кlebsiеlla spp.) over resident microbes. It was found the decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of all microbial representatives in the oral microbiota of 2nd year students in comparison with first-year. It was proved that the deterioration of living conditions of nonresident students led to the increase in the number of second-year students with dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiota from 86% to 100%, mainly due to the increase in the number of persons with dysbiosis of II and III degree.

Insanity in the Army and the Institution of Field Asylums [Le Psicosi nell'esercito e la Instituzione di Manicomi da Campo], (Il Manicomio, anno xxi, No. 2, 1905.) Tomasini.

1906 ◽  
Vol 52 (218) ◽  
pp. 600-600
Author(s):  
W. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High ◽  
General Mortality

The author takes as his text the recent experiences of the Russo- Japanese war, in which, according to the testimony of numerous witnesses, outbreaks of acute insanity were extremely common in the battlefield, and occasionally assumed an epidemic character, and in which, moreover, many “regrettable incidents” were due to mental disorders in commanding officers. Dealing first with the statistics of suicide and of insanity in the army in time of peace, he points out that the former phenomenon is very much more frequent amongst soldiers than amongst the general population in the chief European countries. In Italy in 1901, while the suicide-rate for the whole country was about.061 per mille, in the army it amounted to “33 per mille. And it appears to be tending to increase; thus the figures for the years 1895 to 1901 show that, while sanitary improvements have reduced the general mortality in the army by nearly a half, the ratio of suicide has slightly risen. On examining the figures in detail it is seen that the suicide rate is very high during the first year of service, that it falls off some what in the second year, to rise again when the period of service is prolonged over two years. With regard to insanity, the official statistics would suggest that it is less frequent amongst soldiers than in the population at large, but the author contends that this result is misleading, inasmuch as the army represents a picked population which by reason of its age, constitution, and the exclusion from its ranks of the congenitally defective, is, or ought to be, specially free from insane tendency. In any case the rate of insanity in the Italian army is increasing notably of recent years. With regard to officers, there is a consensus of opinion in all countries that the incidence of insanity amongst them is peculiarly high, and this applies more particularly to general paralysis, which is estimated to account for 50 per cent, of mental disease in German officers, for 54 per cent, in French, and for 55 per cent, in Italian.

scholarly journals ‘Braining’ psychiatry: an investigation into how complexity is managed in the practice of neuropsychiatric research

BioSocieties ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas de Boer ◽  
Hedwig te Molder ◽  
Peter-Paul Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeuropsychiatry searches to understand mental disorders in terms of underlying brain activity by using brain imaging technologies. The field promises to offer a more objective foundation for diagnostic processes and to help developing forms of treatment that target the symptoms of a specific mental disorder. However, brain imaging technologies also reveal the brain as a complex network, suggesting that mental disorders cannot be easily linked to specific brain areas. In this paper, we analyze a case study conducted at a neuropsychiatry laboratory to explore how the complexity of the human brain is managed in light of the project of explaining mental disorders in terms of their neurological substrates. We use a combination of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to show how previously assigned diagnostic labels are constitutive of interpretations of experimental data and, therefore, remain unchallenged. Furthermore, we show how diagnostic labels become materialized in experimental design, in that the linking of symptoms of mental disorders to specific brain areas is treated as indicative of successfully designed experimental stimuli. In conclusion, we argue that while researchers acknowledge the complexity of the brain on a generic level, they do not grant this complexity to the brains of individuals diagnosed with a mental disorder.

scholarly journals Mental disorders in new parents before and after birth: a population-based cohort study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglian Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Sullivan ◽  
Colin Binns ◽  
Caroline S. E. Homer
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

BackgroundMental disorders of women during the postnatal period are a major public health problem. Compared with women's mental disorders, much less attention has been paid to men's mental disorders in the perinatal period. To date, there have been no reports in the literature describing secular changes of both maternal and paternal hospital admissions for mental disorders over the period covering the year before pregnancy (non-parents), during pregnancy (expectant parents) and up to the first year after birth (parents) based on linked parental data. The co-occurrences of couples' hospital admissions for mental disorders have not previously been investigated.AimsTo describe maternal and paternal hospital admissions for mental disorders before and after birth. To compare the co-occurrences of parents' hospital admissions for mental disorder in the perinatal period.MethodThis is a cohort study using paired parents' population data from the New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection (PDC), Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (RBDM) and Admitted Patients Data Collection (APDC). The study included all parents (n=196 669 couples) who gave birth to their first child in NSW between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2009.ResultsThe hospital admission rate for women with a principal mental disorder diagnosis in the period between the year before pregnancy and the first year after birth was significantly higher than that for men. Parents' mental disorders influenced each other. If a man was admitted to hospital with a principal mental disorder diagnosis, his wife or partner was more likely to be admitted to hospital with a principal mental disorder diagnosis compared with women whose partner had not had a hospital admission, andvice versa.ConclusionsMothers' mental disorders after birth increased more significantly than fathers. However, fathers' mental disorders significantly impacted the co-occurrence of mothers' mental disorders.

scholarly journals Sehat Jiwa pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di RT 51 Kelurahan Kenali Besar Kecamatan Alam Barajo

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Vevi Suryenti Putri ◽  
Siti Makhruzah ◽  
Rd Hari Periza
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Provide Health Education

The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has not only threatened physical health, but has also threatened the mental health of many people. Some of the mental disorders that often arise today are emotional, stress, excessive anxiety, depression, and so on. Anxiety and mental disorders will then cause an imbalance in the brain, which in turn results in a psychic disorder, also known as psychosomatic.To increase public knowledge about covid -19 and understand mental health, and steps in maintaining mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic as an effort to change behavior so that later it can improve the degree of public health in RT 51 Kelurahan Kenali Besar Jambi City, interventions carried out are provide health education about mental health by thinking optimistically in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in education is observation, counseling and evaluation.After health education was carried out for residents of RT 51, Kenali Besar Village, 100% were able to explain the meaning of mental health by thinking optimistically in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT PADA PENDERITA GANGGUAN JIWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Power Point

Gangguan jiwa merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius dan harus segera ditanggulangi. Masih adanya sikap masyarakat yang negatif serta memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah tentang gangguan jiwa perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Salah satu cara yang tepat untuk merubah sikap dan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat adalah melalui penyuluhan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap perubahan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat pada penderita gangguan jiwa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment, bentuk desain yang dipakai adalah desain one group pre test-post test. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini akan diambil sebesar 10% dari jumlah populasi yang ada yaitu sebanyak 47 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner, penyuluhan dengan media power point dan leaflet. Hasil uji normalitas didapatkan data berdistribusi normal sehingga untuk analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan p value 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pasien gangguan jiwa. Kata kunci: penyuluhan kesehatan, pengetahuan, sikap, gangguan jiwa. THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON CHANGES IN COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES IN MENTAL DISORDERS ABSTRACTMental disorder is a serious public health problem and must be addressed immediately. The existence of negative community attitudes and low knowledge about mental disorders needs attention. One of the right ways to change attitudes and improve people's knowledge is through health education. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of health education on changes in the level of knowledge and attitudes in people with mental disorders. This type of research uses the quasi experiment method, using one group pre-post test. The sample in the study used in this study will be taken at 10% of the total population. A number of 47 samples were recruited using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used questionnaires, counseling with power point media and leaflets. The results of the normality test obtained normal distribution data so that for data analysis using paired sample t test. The results of the analysis show p value 0,000. The results of this study indicate that health education can improve people's knowledge and attitudes towards mental disorder patients. Keywords: health education, knowledge, attitude, mental disorder

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