scholarly journals KEBERADAAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA AIR KOLAM RENANG UMUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Wahyuningtias ◽  
Bambang Sunarko ◽  
Iva Rustanti EW
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

One indicator of swimming pool water pollution is the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria. Factors can caused the presence of Escherichia coli in pool water are the levels of residual chlorine, the visitors who dispose of metabolic waste (sweat, urine) in pool water and disinfection of pool that were not done properly. This study analyzes the quality of swimming pool water seen from the presence of Escherichia coli in public pool water. This study was an observational analytic that use a cross sectional research design. The sample used were public swimming pool located in the Sukodono Health Center working area with total of pools were 10, and with Fisher's exact test. The results showed that main factor affecting the presence of Escherichia coli in pool water was residual chlorine content with a p-value of 0.019 which means that there was a difference number of Escherichia coli in swimming pools containing residual chlorine and in pool water that didn’t contain residual chlorine.This study concluded that there were differences in the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in pool water containing residual chlorine and in pool water that did not contain residual chlorine. To keep the remaining chlorine in pool water in accordance with Permenkes No. 32 of 2017, pool managers should routinely check the remaining chlorine and do chlorination regularly. Keywords: Escherichia coli, residual chlor, swimming pool

scholarly journals Variability of residual chlorine in swimming pool water and determination of chlorine consumption for maintaining hygienic safety of bathers with a simple mass balance model

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Alvyn P. Berg ◽  
Ting-An Fang ◽  
Hao L. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Abstract Trial-and-error chlorination as a conventional practice for swimming pool water disinfection may fail to consistently maintain the pool's residual chlorine within regulatory limits. This study explored the variability of residual chlorine and other common water quality parameters of two sample swimming pools and examined the potential of using a mass balance model for proactive determination of chlorine consumption to better secure the hygienic safety of bathers. A lightly loaded Pool 1 with a normalized bather load of 0.038 bather/m3/day and a heavily loaded Pool 2 with a normalized bather load of 0.36 bather/m3/day showed great variances in residual free and combined chlorine control by trial-and-error methods due to dynamic pool uses. A mass balance model based on chemical and physical chlorine consumption mechanisms was found to be statistically valid using field data obtained from Pool 1. The chlorine consumption per capita coefficient was determined to be 4120 mg/bather. The predictive method based on chlorine demand has a potential to be used as a complementary approach to the existing trial-and-error chlorination practices for swimming pool water disinfection. The research is useful for pool maintenance to proactively determine the required chlorine dosage for compliance of pool regulations.

A Standard Test for Efficacy of Germicides and Acceptability of Residual Disinfecting Activity in Swimming Pool Water

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F Ortenzio ◽  
L S Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Abstract A biological test, using Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis as test organisms, has been designed to determine the germicidal activity of water containing 0.4— 1.0 ppm of available chlorine at pH 7.0— 7.5. The few results presented clearly indicate the usefulness of the method in evaluating commercial disinfectant preparations recommended for use in swimming pool water disinfection. The procedure can be readily adapted to study the effects of chlorine stabilizers, the influence of various algaecides applied as adjuncts to water disinfectant on germicidal activity, and determinations as to the acceptability of residual disinfecting activity of swimming pool waters during times that the pool is in use.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nur Wahyuni Munir ◽  
Nur Faidah Munir ◽  
Syahrul Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Introduction: Self-efficacy in the self-management of DM patients, consisting of diet, physical activity, glycemic control, medication, and foot care. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of self-efficacy with the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Internal Polyclinic Room of the Makassar City Regional General Hospital. Methods: This research used analytic survey with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in the Internal Polyclinic Room of the Makassar City General Hospital in 40 DM patients with accidental sampling technique. The research instruments on the variable self-efficacy used a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions and the variable of quality of life used the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire consisting of 26 questions. Data analysis used Fisher's Exact Test. Results: A total of 6 respondents had good self-efficacy and 66.7% had a good quality of life. As for the 34 respondents with poor self-efficacy, there were 88.2% who had poor quality of life. The test results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM in the internal polyclinic of Makassar City Regional General Hospital (p-value = 0.01). Conclusion: The better the respondent's self-efficacy, the better the quality of life, and vice versa. Nurses can begin the nursing process by assessing the patient's level of self-efficacy, then proceed with providing education related to DM self-management as an intervention that can be integrated into nursing services. Keywords: self-efficacy; quality of life; diabetes mellitus ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Self-efficacy pada manajemen diri pasien DM, terdiri dari diet, aktifitas fisik, kontrol glikemik, pengobatan, dan perawatan kaki. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan self-efficacy dengan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Ruang Poliklinik Interna Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Makassar. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Ruang Poliklinik Interna Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Makassar pada 40 pasien DM dengan teknik accidental sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data pada variabel self-efficacy menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 15 pertanyaan dan variabel kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner WHOQOL-BREF yang terdiri dari 26 pertanyaan. Analisis data menggunakan Fisher Exact Test. Hasil: Sebanyak 6 responden memiliki self-efficacy yang baik dan 66,7% memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik. Adapun dari 34 responden dengan self-efficacy yang buruk, terdapat 88,2% yang memiliki kualitas hidup kurang. Hasil uji menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara self-efficacy dengan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 di ruangan poliklinik interna Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Makassar (p-value = 0,01). Kesimpulan: Semakin baik self-efficacy responden, maka kualitas hidupnya juga semakin baik, demikian pula sebaliknya. Perawat dapat memulai proses keperawatan dengan mengkaji tingkat self-efficacy pasien, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan memberikan edukasi terkait manajemen diri DM sebagai sebuah intervensi yang dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam pelayanan keperawatan. Kata kunci: self-efficacy; kualitas hidup; diabetes melitus

scholarly journals Analisis Bakteri Entero Toksigenic Escherichia Coli ( ETEC) Dengan Metode (BGLB) Pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Di Pemukiman Kumuh.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Rapael Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quality Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Based on research conducted at the drinking water depot in Mabar Medan Deli and Medan City Environmental Health Engineering Laboratory (negative) in drinking water, it is declared not contaminated with ecoli, while if the results of the AMIU quality inspection are> 0 in 100 ml samples (positive) in drinking water, then the calculation results are obtained with a p-value (0.001 <0.005) then Ha is accepted and Ho rejected so that the BGLB method is effective against the examination of Escherichia Coli bacteria contamination in the refill drinking water depot. It is stated that it is contaminated with ecoli. This research was in an observational form, using a cross-sectional approach.  

scholarly journals An exploration of disinfection by-products formation and governing factors in chlorinated swimming pool water

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ilyas ◽  
Ilyas Masih ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract This paper investigates disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and their relationship with governing factors in chlorinated swimming pools. The study compares concentrations of DBPs with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality recommended to screen swimming pool water quality. The statistical analysis is based on a global database of 188 swimming pools accumulated from 42 peer-reviewed journal publications from 16 countries. The mean and standard deviation of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were estimated as 282 ± 437 and 326 ± 517 μg L−1, respectively, which most often surpassed the WHO guidelines. Similarly, more than half of the examined pools had higher values of chloral hydrate (102 ± 128 μg L−1). The concentration of total chloramines (650 ± 490 μg L−1) was well above the WHO guidelines in all reported cases. Nevertheless, the reported values remained below the guidelines for most of the studied pools in the case of total trihalomethanes (134 ± 160 μg L−1), dichloroacetonitrile (12 ± 12 μg L−1) and dibromoacetonitrile (8 ± 11 μg L−1). Total organic carbon, free residual chlorine, temperature, pH, total nitrogen and bromide ions play a pivotal role in DBPs formation processes. Therefore, proper management of these governing factors could significantly reduce DBPs formation, thereby, contributing towards a healthy swimming pool environment.

The Relationship of Drinking Water Depot Sanitation with the Presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Asmawati Badun
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of

The coverage of sanitation in Indonesia, especially in drinking water, is known to have not been in accordance with the needs of the population. Likewise in Kendari District where drinking water facilities (depots) and the quality of the water produced do not meet health requirements. This study aims to determine the correlation of drinking water depot sanitation hygiene with the presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli bacteria in Kendari District. The type of study is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The study population, namely all drinking water depots in the working area of ​​the Kendari District, amounted to 14 depots with a simple random sampling of 13 depots. Testing the data using the Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study on sanitation hygiene of the place obtained p-value=0.014 and phi test=0.822, the results of the test on hygiene and sanitation of equipment obtained p-value=0.014 and phi test=0.822, while the sanitation hygiene of the handlers obtained p-value=0.003 and phi test=1.000. This means that there is a strong relationship between sanitation hygiene of premises, equipment and handlers with the presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli bacteria in Kendari District. It is hoped that health center will actively conduct counseling in order to increase public insight and knowledge about sanitation hygiene of places, equipment and handlers at drinking water depots.

scholarly journals Contemporary aspects in the assessment of quality and treatment of swimming pool water

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot ◽  
Edyta Łaskawiec
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Recent reports in the literature relate to the identification of various substances in the pool water, including low-molecular weight pharmaceuticals that can react with chlorine residues contributing to the formation of a large group of irritant and toxic compounds. These substances are not covered by standard monitoring. As part of this work, the authors present information on the methods for assessing the quality of the swimming pool water. Common processes used in swimming pool water treatment systems were described. Previous experience of the authors in the use of a detailed assessment of the quality of the swimming pool water on the basis of toxicity tests was presented. The authors have researched the application of pressure driven membrane filtration for the improvement of the efficiency of the swimming pool water treatment.

scholarly journals Hubungan Jumlah Perenang dengan Sisa Klor di Kolam Renang Antasari Banjarbaru Tahun 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Fadila Harariet ◽  
Darmiah Darmiah ◽  
Imam Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Abstract: The relationship of total swimmers with residual chlorine in the swimming pool. The swimming pool as a means of public that usually visited by the people can potentially become vehicles for spreading germs through water contaminated media pool so that sanitation should always be considered. This study aims to determine the number of swimmers in the Swimming Pool Antasari Banjarbaru, determine residual chlorine in Swimming Pool. This type of research was analytic research with cross sectional approach. The population is all water swimming pool which used by swimmers and all swimmers in the pool by sampling as much as 5 spots, using correlation analysis. The results showed the number of swimmers on average were 151 swimmers with the lowest number were 113 swimmers and the highest were 223 swimmers. Residual chlorine inside the water of swimming pool was an average of 0.73 mg/L, the standard deviation was 0.71 mg/L with the lowest number was 0.01 mg/L and the highest number was 1.49 mg / L. The results of the analysis did not prove statistically no relationship with the rest of the swimmers amount of chlorine in Swimming Pool because H0 (p = 0.679> value α = 0.05) and the value of r was -0.218 so that the relationship can not be seen. Efforts to do so that residual chlorine water in Swimming Pool in accordance with the requirements is to conduct regular inspections both manager pool and the relevant agencies, maintain the quality of residual chlorine by adding chlorine stabilizer isocyanuric, and perform administration disinfection according to the dosage required to obtain results corresponding residual chlorine required pursuant Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor: 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990. Keywords: Total swimmer; residual chlorine; swimming pool.

scholarly journals Analysis of Free and Combined Chlorine Concentrations in Swimming Pool Water and an Attempt to Determine a Reliable Water Sampling Point

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot ◽  
Anna Lempart-Rapacewicz ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

The analysis of free chlorine concentrations in swimming pool water makes it possible to assess the antiseptic effect of the disinfectant. The concentration of combined chlorine determines the comfort of swimming and indicates if there is a threat from DBP (disinfection by-products). The distribution of free and combined chlorine concentration was analyzed in four basins differing in seasonality of use and in the applied water flow systems. After considering the distribution of free and combined chlorine content in characteristic points of pools, an attempt was made to determine the most reliable point for assessing the quality of water and its suitability for swimming. Such searches should aim to identify the places with the worst water quality. The most uniform distribution of the concentrations of both free and combined chlorine was observed at the middle point of swimming pools, while at points near the corners and walls of swimming pools a varied distribution was observed. Such a control strategy, based on the least favorable test results at a point considered as characteristic, would make it possible to verify the parameters of the swimming pool water treatment system and thus minimize the risk to swimmers’ health.

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