PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN BALSEM STICK DARI SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf)  SEBAGAI AROMATERAPI

Introduction: Lemongrass plants contain essential oils that can be used as aromatherapy. In the context of efforts to improve public health services in Indonesia, traditional medicine has the opportunity as one of the potential alternative treatments. Society uses traditional medicine in the form of herbal medicine, stew, juice or by rubbing directly on the affected part. Method: Sample in this study was African leaves and palm leaveswhich were taken purposively without comparing samples from other regions, To get the essential oil of lemongrass done by distillation. Result: Aromatherapy balm from essential oil is formulated with some concentrations of 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the evaluation of balm which has been done to 3 qualified balm formulas and has good physical quality. Concludes: Citronella essential oil can be made into a supply of balm stick with various concentrations, namely 15%, 20% and 25%. Stick balm made from essential oils of lemongrass can give an aromatherapy effect which is characterized by a refreshing aroma when inhaling the balm preparations and can provide a warm sensation. The best concentration as an aromatherapy stick balm preparation is 25% because it gives the highest aroma and test preferences.

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Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6311

Author(s):

Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽

Claudia G. Castillo ◽

Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽

Marco M. González-Chávez

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Pharmacological Interest ◽

Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

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Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i8.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1461-1463

Author(s):

O.E. Ameh ◽

J.I. Achika ◽

N.M. Bello ◽

A.J. Owolaja

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Boiling Point ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Suitable Method ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Solvent Extraction Method

This work aimed to extract perfume from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using three extraction methods viz: distillation, solvent extraction and expression or effleurage. About 150 g of dried lemons grass were extracted using ethanol as the solvent to obtain essential oils required for the formulation of perfumes. The result of the hydrodistillation process showed that 1.23 g of essential oil per 130g of dry lemongrass produce 0.95% oil at 78 °C, while the effleurage method was 2.55 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample thereby producing 1.96% oil yield. The solvent extraction method gave 2.7 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample. This gives about 2.08 % yield of essential oil at a temperature of 78°C i.e. the boiling point of ethanol. The solvent extraction method yielded 2.08%, the effleuragemethod yielded 1.96% and the hydrodistillation method yielded 0.95% essential oil respectively. In conclusion, solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of less exposure to air and heat, which is highly recommended as the most suitable method for the extraction of essential oil.

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Callicarpa Species from Central Vietnam: Essential Oil Compositions and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9010113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nguyen Huy Hung ◽

Le Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽

Nguyen Thi Hoai Thuong ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Agent ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Two Samples ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Larvicidal Activities

There are around 140 species in the genus Callicarpa, with 23 species occurring in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Callicarpa species have been poorly studied. In this work, the leaf essential oils of C. bodinieri, C. candicans, C. formosana, C. longifolia, C. nudiflora, C. petelotii, C. rubella, and C. sinuata, have been obtained from plants growing in central Vietnam. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were carried out against Aedes aegypti. All of the Callicarpa leaf essential oils showed larvicidal activity, but two samples of C. candicans were particularly active with 48-h LC50 values of 2.1 and 3.8 μg/mL. Callicarpa candicans essential oil should be considered as a potential alternative mosquito control agent.

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Microencapsulation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Via Spray Drying: Effects of Feed Emulsion Parameters

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8010040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽

Vo Tan Thanh ◽

Mai Huynh Cang ◽

Tri Duc Lam ◽

Nguyen Cam Huong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Core Material ◽

Wall Material ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Encapsulation Process ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

The purpose of this study was to attempt the encapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil utilizing spray drying technique. An array of process parameters including concentration of wall (15–30%), type of wall materials (maltodextrin, maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture), and concentration of essential oil (0.5–2.0%) were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the use of sole maltodextrin as encapsulant gave microcapsules characteristics comparable to that of powder produced using maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture. The encapsulation process that was performed with maltodextrin at the concentration of 30% as wall material and lemongrass essential oil at the concentration of 1.5% as core material showed highest drying yield (84.49%), microencapsulation yield (89.31%) and microencapsulation efficiency (84.75%). Encapsulated essential oils retained most of their major constituents in comparison with the bare essential oils without any significant compromise in product quality.

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Mycotoxins Content of Smoked Fishes Sampled on Market Stalls of Ngaoundere and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum against Mycotoxin Producing Strains

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1330310 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-47

Author(s):

Nadege D. Nganou ◽

Eliane S. Tchinda ◽

Alphonse T. Sokamte ◽

Franklin K. Ngoualem ◽

Steve F. Nodem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Penicillium Citrinum ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Smoked Fish ◽

Study Laboratory

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sanitary quality of smoked fish by determining their mycotoxin content, and also the chemical composition, antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum essential oils from Cameroon against some mycotoxigenic fungal strains responsible of the smoked fish biodegradation. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon, from August 2019 to April 2020. Methodology: Fifteen samples of smoked fishes have been collected in August 2019 from “petit marché” market (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). Physico-chemical parameters of smoked fishes were evaluated. Mycotoxin (AFB1, CIT, and OTA) contents have been determined with HPLC. Isolation and identification of molds were done using their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and the identity of the strains was done by PCR sequencing methods. For plants, 15 kg of Cymbopogon citratus leaves and 5 kg of Ocimum basilicum leaves have been harvested on 10 September 2019 in Ngaoundere and used for the essential oil’s extraction. Essential oil extraction has been done through hydrodistillation and the determination of its chemical composition done with GC/MS. Results: Major part of samples contains at least one mycotoxin, in quantities which are beyond the safe dose. Eleven species of molds have been identified: Aspergillus spp., Penicillium citrinum, and Mucor hiemalis. Amongst the isolated species, those which can produce mycotoxins are: Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moniliforme. Geranial (42.4%), Neral (33.5%) and Myrcene (10.8%) are major compounds found in the essential oil of C. citratus while monoterpens (60.8%), Eugenol (30.7%), Linalol (29.4%) and 1,8-Cineol (14.3%) are the major compounds found in the essential oil of O. basilicum. Conclusion: Essential oils of C. citratus and O. basilicum are efficient against isolated toxigenic species. C. citratus being more efficient than O. basilicum.

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EFFICACY OF FOUR ESSENTIAL OILS ON FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. RADICIS LYCOPERSICI (FORL), A FUNGAL TELLURIC PATHOGEN OF TOMATO GROWN UNDER COVER

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1018-1030

Author(s):

Doumbouya Mohamed ◽

◽

Kouame Koffi Gaston ◽

Brou Kouassi Guy ◽

NGuessan Aya Carine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Curative Treatment ◽

Life Stages ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Head Blight

Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a constraint to tomato cultivation in Korhogo, CÃƒÂ´te dIvoire. To control this disease, the antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from certain plants was evaluated in comparison with that of a synthetic fungicide for use. In vitro tests were performed on the different life stages of FORL. The in vivo evaluations consisted in carrying out two modes of treatment (curative and preventive) on plants of a susceptible variety of tomato inoculated with FORL. The results showed that the essential oils significantly reduced the different life stages of F.oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici (FORL) as did the synthetic product. Thus, the essential oil Cymbopogon citratus at concentrations of 4000 and 6000 ppm strongly inhibited in vitro the different stages of FORL. In preventive and curative treatment, the essential oils not only improved the growth parameters of tomato plants but also reduced the incidence and severity of diseases. Thus, it was found that Cymbopogon citratus (4000 ppm) in preventive treatment, and Banko plus (250 ppm) in curative treatment reduced the mortality rate of FORL up to 6.66% and improved the growth parameters and reduced the flowering time of the tomato plant.The essential oil of C. citratus could be used for biological control of F. oxysporum f. sp. Radicis lycopersici.

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Preparation and Characterization of Naturally Scented Candles Using the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.977.212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 977 ◽

pp. 212-217

Author(s):

Hoang Danh Pham ◽

Tri Nhut Pham ◽

Do Thi Kim Nga ◽

Ngan Thi Thu Nhung ◽

Tri Duc Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Health Effects ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Natural Sources ◽

The Common ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

At present, there are many different forms of relaxation and aromatic candles are one of the common forms. Scented candles not only provide background lighting but also help promoting a feeling of wellness. This study attempts to produce scented candles from natural sources such as soy wax, beeswax, and natural essential oils to bring the most practical benefits to the users. The produced candle should be long lasting, low cost and causes no health effects. The composition of scented candles included 60% beeswax, 30% soy wax, 8% lemongrass essential oil, 1% citric acid, and 1% ethanol.

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Inhibitory action of some essential oils and phytochemicals on the growth of various moulds isolated from foods

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000200011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 245-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Evandro Leite de Souza ◽

Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima ◽

Kristerson Reinaldo de Luna Freire ◽

Cristina Paiva de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Sensitivity Profile

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity profile of mould strains isolated from foods to some essential oils and phytochemicals. The assayed mould strains were: Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium spp. According to results, Lippia alba N.E. Brown, Peumus boldus Molina, Lippia microphylla Phil., Citrus limon Risso and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. essential oil and the phytochemicals citral, eugenol and mircene showed prominent antimould activity. Among the products that evidenced antimould activity, citral and eugenol showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations, which was 1% and 4%, respectively, for the most of the tested mould strains.

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Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Zeneida Teixeira Pinto ◽

Félix Fernández Sánchez ◽

Arith Ramos dos Santos ◽

Ana Claudia Fernandes Amaral ◽

José Luiz Pinto Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Newly Hatched Larvae ◽

Main Components ◽

Dose Dependent

Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.

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Spraying of swine buildings with lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil does not produce blood absorption in swine

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Seung-Jin Lee ◽

Ki-Hyun Kim ◽

Abraham Fikru Mechesso ◽

Na-Hye Park ◽

Seung-Chun Park

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Detectable Level ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Lemon Grass

Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) essential oils have been used in swine buildings to reduce the offensive odor emanating from swine buildings. The present study was designed to investigate plasma residues of citral which is a major constituent of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus. An HPLC method was established, validated and used for the determination of citral in swine plasma harvested from blood samples taken at the 14th, 21st and 28th day after spraying swine buildings with the 3% Lemon grass essential oil. Thereafter, analysis of the sample was conducted using HP ODS Hypersil column (200 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid; and a flow rate of 1mL/ min. The method was validated for parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity and detection limits. Plasma spiked with standard citral (95%) revealed two chromatograms with retention times of about 10.7 and 12.2 minutes. The calibration curves for the citral isomers were found to be linear in the tested concentration ranges and mean recoveries wre 101% and 99.17%. This method was used to determine the residues of citral in swine plasma pretreated with methanol. Surprisingly, there was no any detectable level of citral in swine plasma within the 28 days of exposure.spraying of swine buildings with essential oils of lemon grass oil does not cause plasma residues of citral.

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