scholarly journals Effects of Light and Fertilizer Amounts on Seedling Growth of Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Sherzad O. Hamad ◽  
Narin S. Ali ◽  
Shaima A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Full Sunlight

Nutrient application and light intensity are two important abiotic factors that affect the plant growth and development. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different NPK fertilizer amount, viz. 0, 1,  2, 3 and 4 g.pot-1,   light regimes, viz. 50% full sunlight (inside the lath house) and 100% full sunlight (the open area)  and their interactions on the growth, chlorophyll contents and biomass of potted Brachychiton populneus seedlings. At the end of the experiment, (after six months) growth parameter including plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and leaf numbers, chlorophyll contents and biomass allocation were measured. The results indicate that the greatest stem height increment, stem diameter increment, leaf number increment, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight were obtained from the seedlings grown in the open area. However, the highest chlorophyll content and root dry weight were observed from the seedlings grown inside the lath house. In addition, the seedlings fertilized with 3 and/or 4 g NPK every two months recorded higher growth traits, chlorophyll content and biomass allocation than other amounts of the fertilizer. Thus, the present study suggests that in order to obtain optimum growth of B. populneus potted seedlings, it should be grown in the open area and fertilized with 3 or 4 g NPK every two months.

scholarly journals Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schuch ◽  
Richard A. Redak ◽  
James Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF MATURE PANDAN LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF CHLOROPHYLL FOR NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Chatarina Lilis Suryani ◽  
◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Food Colorants ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Four Levels

Plant leaves are the primary source of natural colorants for food, mainly due to their chlorophyll content. However, the plant types and the degree of leaf maturity determine the quality and quantity of the chlorophyll. This study aimed to determine the best maturity level of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves that serves as potential source of chlorophyll for natural food colorants. Eighty three pandan plants obtained from six different farming locations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia were used as samples. The leaves were grouped into four levels of maturity using descriptive statistics based on their morphology, anatomy, color, and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the average number of leaves ranged from 20-24 leaves per plant (at 95% confidence interval), and 96.4% of the plant had a maximum of 24 leaves. The leaf maturity was grouped into (1) young, (2) medium, (3) mature, and (4) over mature, corresponding to leaf number 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-24, respectively. The higher the leaf maturity, the higher the chlorophyll content. However, the over mature leaves were only slightly different from the mature ones. In addition, pandan leaves have specific flavor and contain carotenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid substances. Anatomically, the mesophyll’s size was greatest in the mature leaves, while the size of chloroplast was not significantly different from medium to over mature leaves. Based on the chlorophyll content and mesophyll size, it was concluded that mature pandan leaves were the best source of chlorophyll, containing chlorophyll of 623.08 mg/100 g dry weight (DW).

scholarly journals DETECT ACTIVITY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL FACTORS TO INDUCE RESISTANCE IN CANTALOUPE PLANT THROUGH PEROXIDASE ENZYME , PHENOLS AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments in antagonism against M.phaseolina and to improve growth parameters of cantaloupe and increased wet weight and dry weight of vegetation and root to (35.0 – 4.0), (13.7 – 2.4) g/ plant respectively. Results indicated that treated plant produced phenols and peroxidase enzyme. Treatments of   T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum showed superiority in inducing peroxidase enzyme. The change in light absorbance/ min/ g .Fresh weight of cantaloupe were 81.2 and 80.6 respectively, compared to control treatment (pathogenic fungus) the activity of Peroxidase was 36.9. the same trend reflected to increase activity of phenols in treatments of T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum reached (5.21 and 5.00) mg/g. compared with control treatment 3.6 mg/g. The result, also showed that all treatments increased chlorophyll content. Integration between T.viride and  B.subtilis achieved highest chlorophyll content (56.3) Spad.

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Three Lycoris Species to Levels of Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Meng ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Qianjin Cao ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
Peng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Lycoris species have appealing characteristics for potting plants, cut flowers, and landscaping decorations, including attractive foliage, which is very similar to that of cymbidium. Lycoris species have been extensively propagated and marketed in Asia. Understanding the response of Lycoris spp. to irradiance intensity will help the horticultural industry improve the production of potting plants of those species. We studied the responses of photosynthesis, growth, and biomass allocation of potted Lycoris spp. (L. chinensis, L. longituba, and L. sprengeri) bulbs grown under three levels of irradiance, i.e., 100%, 70%, and 30% full sunlight. We found that in terms of biomass production L. chinensis can be cultivated under all levels of irradiance studied from full to 30% sunlight. For L. longituba, high irradiance levels increased the rate of net photosynthesis. For both L. chinensis and L. longituba, the full sunlight treatment produced the most attractive plants characterized by shorter, wider, and darker green leaves, features that appeal to consumers. However, none of the growth traits of L. sprengeri were affected by the irradiance treatment over the entire experimental period. It can be concluded that potting plants of L. chinensis and L. longituba are best produced under full sunlight, whereas L. sprengeri can be produced under irradiance levels from 30% to full sunlight.

Relationship between visual colour rating and chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and some growth characteristics in couchgrass (Cynodonspp. L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Visual Colour

SUMMARYChlorophyll contents per unit leaf area and unit dry weight, chlorophylla:bratio, visual colour rating, specific leaf area, and leaf fresh weight: dry weight ratios were estimated for 12 couch (bermudagrass) varieties (Cynodonspp. L.) in winter (July) and spring (October). Net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates were estimated in winter only.The chlorophyll contents per unit leaf area were higher in all varieties in spring than in winter, but per unit weight were more variable. The varieties differed substantially in the net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates. The specific leaf areas were greater in winter than in spring in five varieties: in others it changed little. The fresh: dry weight ratios of the leaves were almost constant between varieties in the spring but varied greatly during the winter. Visual colour ratings were well correlated with chlorophyll contents per unit area but not with weight. The net photosynthetic rate was closely correlated with chlorophyll content (per unit area) but not so closely with colour rating.

Photosynthetic ecology of normal and variegated Aegopodium podagraria

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

Aegopodium podagraria, widely cultivated in a variegated form, occasionally gives rise to normal (non-variegated) plants which are comparatively vigorous, exhibiting marked weedy tendencies. Net photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents were determined for two populations of normal plants and three populations of variegated plants grown separately under full sunlight, and in shade. None of the populations grown in full sunlight differed significantly from each other in rate of photosynthesis on a leaf area basis, despite the mean 83.5% higher chlorophyll content of normal leaves. However, when grown in shade, on a leaf area basis normal plants averaged 50.1% higher rates of photosynthesis, and 73.5% higher content of chlorophyll, and the leaves were 27.4% heavier than the leaves of variegated plants. These differences apparently are responsible for the competitive advantage of normal plants in the usually shady habitat of A. podagraria.

scholarly journals Effect of Melampsora larici-populina on growthand biomass yield of eight clones of Populus nigra

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Benetka ◽  
K. Černý ◽  
P. Pilařová ◽  
K. Kozlíková
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
The Given

This study evaluates the effect of the identified pathogenic races E1, E2 and E3 of the leaf rust Melampsora larici-populina on some growth traits and biomass yield in the species Populus nigra. A field trial was conducted with 8 clones of P. nigra using fungicide-sprayed and unsprayed treatments in 3 replications of 4 plants. In the course of three years the occurrence of the rust was evaluated on a six-point scale. The plant height and stem diameter were measured during the trial. In the last year the plants were harvested and the dry weight was determined. In the untreated plants a significant negative correlation was found between the intensity of rust occurrence and the values of stem diameter and dry matter yield (P < 0.05). A decline in dry matter yield caused by the rust was low (below 9%) or zero in a half of the clones while it ranged between 19% and 28% in the other half of clones. In some clones the yield decline was relatively low although the expression of rust symptoms was rather high which could be attributed to a tolerance to the given pathogen.

scholarly journals Effect of Nano Fertilizers and Its Applying Methods on Growth Parameters of Senna (Cassia Angustifolia) Seedling Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
Abdel-Monnem Sadalaha Kahlel ◽  
Ali Ahmed Abdulla ◽  
Hamza Atheer Saadalla ◽  
Mohammad Hashem Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cassia Angustifolia ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Plant Length

Abstract The experiment was carried out at Plant Production Department, Agricultural Technical College, Mosul, Iraq at spring 2020 to investigate the effect of two Nano fertilizers kind (K 27%and Complex fertilizer Cu 1%, S 13%, Zn 11.5 %, Mn 6.5%, Fe7.5%, and Citric Acid 3.5 %.)and control (zero fertilizer). With three applying methods(spraying, soil addition, spraying + soil addition) on Senna seedlings. The treatments were layout in factorial experiment in RCBD Design with three replicates. The results showed that adding nano fertilizers by Spraying+ Soil Addition increase significantly plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. Also applying Complex Nano fertilizer increase significantly all the parameters(plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. compared with control and the increasing percentage were(62.12, 28.22,123.37, 19.19, 197.95, 154.48, 261.64, 114.26%)for the parameters respectively. The interaction treatments between nano fertilizers an applying methods show a significant effect for all the parameters.

Effects of Different Sr2+ Concentrations on Seedling Growth of Indica and Japonica Cultured by Hoagland Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2097-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Chao Xiang ◽  
Yan Fang Xu ◽  
Xiao Lin Long ◽  
Wen Li Su
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

The paper studied capacity of Indica and Japonica in seedling for Sr2+ stress in different concentration. Seedlings of Indica and Japonica were cultured in 6 different gradient concentrations by using Hoagland solution. Fresh weight and dry weight, rice pigment content, enzyme activity for stress tolerance etc. were measured. The results showed that Sr2+ in low concentration could promote development and with high fresh/dry weight. At 10mmol/L of Sr2+ concentration, dry weight of Japonica Jing925 was increased by 27.40%, compared with control. However, Indica CG132R was only 7.8% over its control. Sr2+ of high concentration inhibited plant growth. They had higher chlorophyll content no matter Indica or Japonica when they were cultured in low Sr2+concentration. In contrast, their chlorophyll contents were decreased. Japonica had higher POD activity than Indica, and Indica had higher CAT activity than Japonica. All in all, Japonica Jing925 had stronger defense ability than Indica CG132R in adversity environment.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

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