The Influence of Nanotechnogenic Raw Materials on the Drying Properties and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Bricks

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ultimate Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Strength ◽  
Drying Properties

When obtaining ceramic bricks only from low-melting clay with the number of plasticity less than 12 without the use of thinners, there is a sharp drop in the limiting shear stress in the temperature range of 20-80oC, which contributes to the appearance of cracks and deformation curvatures of products. The use of nanotechnogenic raw materials as a thinner does not contribute to a sharp drop in the ultimate shear stress of the semi-finished brick in the temperature range of 20-80oC, eliminates the appearance of cracks and increases the physical and mechanical performance of the finished product. Studies have shown that in order to improve the drying properties of the ceramic mass, the system «nanotechnogenic raw materials-fusible clay-water» is more homogeneous in relation to the system «clay-water». The analysis of the ultimate shear stress in hot forming conditions showed that the function of dependence of plastic strength on molding humidity PM =f (W,t) than the function of dependence of plastic strength on temperature PM =f(t) acquires special importance in this case.

scholarly journals The study of the maximum shear stress of the composition of pyrophyllite - clay component – water at elevated temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
V. Z. Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Hot Forming ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Ultimate Shear Stress ◽  
Clay Component ◽  
Drying Properties

A sharp decrease in the ultimate shear stress in the range of 20‒80 °C is observed when obtaining samples from the clay component without descendents. This contributes to the appearance of cracks and defects in the samples. The use of pyrophyllite in ceramic masses in obtaining samples ensures a gradual decrease in the ultimate shear stress Pm in the range of 20‒80 °C. It is shown that to improve the drying properties of the samples, the composition of pyrophyllite ‒ clay ‒ water is more homogeneous than the composition of clay ‒ water. Analysis of the Pm of the samples under the conditions of hot forming showed that it is not so much the dependence Pm = f(t) that takes on special importance, but the dependence Pm = f(W, t), where t ― the temperature; W ― the humidity. Ill. 1. Ref. 8. Tab. 2.

RESEARCH OF EXTREME TENSION OF SHIFT OF THE SYSTEM LIMESTONE POWDER ─ INTERSLATE CLAY ─ WATER AT THE INCREASED TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
A.V. KOLPAKOV ◽  
◽  
E.S. ABDRAKHIMOVA ◽  
S.A. STETSENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Limit Shear Stress ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Deformation Curves ◽  
Plastic Strength

Ceramic brick based on interlayer clay and lime flour is obtained without using natural traditional materials. The process of drying ceramic bricks should be carried out according to the optimal mode, which means a combination of its possibly short duration, minimum expenses of energy and quality semi-finished product ─ lack of buckling, Cracks and hidden stresses, which contribute to the formation of cracks in the burning When making ceramic brick only from interlayer clay, Used as clay binder, without the use of repellents, there is a sharp drop in the limit shear stress in the temperature range of 20-80 °C, obviously due to the appearance of cracks and deformation curves. The use of lime flour in ceramic masses in the production of ceramic brick slows down the drop of the limit shear stress in the temperature range 20-80 °C. Researches showed that for improvement of drying properties of ceramic weight the "limy flour  interslate clay water" system is more uniform, in relation to the "interslate clay water" system. Analysis of the shear stress limit under hot molding conditions has shown that the function of plastic strength versus molding humidity Pm = f (W, t) is of particular importance in this case than the function of plastic strength versus temperature Pm = f (t).

scholarly journals Research of the plastic strength of alumina mass for molding corundum ceramics by extrusion depending on them humidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
V. V. Primachenko ◽  
K. I. Kushchenko ◽  
Yu. A. Krakhmal ◽  
Yu. Ye. Mishnyova
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Open Porosity ◽  
Apex Angle ◽  
Static Stress ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ultimate Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Mass ◽  
Plastic Strength ◽  
The Masses

One of the characteristics that makes it possible to evaluate the plasticity and formability of ceramic masses is the plastic strength of structure — the ultimate shear stress that the plastic mass can withstand under static stress. The dependence researches of the plastic strength of alumina masses from alumina MARTOXID and CT 3000 brands on a flour binder on their humidity and keeping time were carried out. The determination of the plastic strength of the masses was carried out on a KP-3 conical plastometer, for which purpose a cone with an apex angle of 30о was used (mass of the cone together with rod is 0.8056 kg). The optimum humidity of alumina masses for the molding of corundum ceramics by extrusion from alumina MARTOXID brand is 19 % and from alumina CT 3000 brand is 20 % were established. In depending on technological needs and capabilities were set that, the keeping time of alumina masses with the optimum humidity can be 1—7 days. The samples of corundum ceramics received by extrusion from the alumina mass of alumina MARTOXID and CT 3000 brands with optimum humidity after firing at 1580 оC are characterized by low open porosity and correspond to high refractories corundum high-density products requirements (open porosity no more 0.8 %).

scholarly journals Effects of Microbial Transglutaminase on Technological, Rheological, and Microstructural Indicators of Minced Meat with the Addition of Plant Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Oksana Zinina ◽  
Svetlana Merenkova ◽  
Damir Galimov ◽  
Eleonora Okuskhanova ◽  
Maksim Rebezov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Ultimate Shear Stress ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of transglutaminase on the physicochemical, technological, rheological, and microstructural indicators of minced meat with the addition of plant raw materials. The formulations of minced meat from beef trimming, hemp protein, and flax flour were optimized in terms of biological value and optimal content of essential amino acids. The addition of plant components in amounts greater than 18% caused an increase in the content of protein, fat, and ash in the minced samples. The rheological properties of minced meat samples without enzyme treatment changed depending on the proportion of plant raw materials. When the content of the flax flour was increased, the minimum ultimate shear stress and viscosity were observed, while the maximum values for these indicators were achieved in samples containing about 15% hemp protein, as well as in samples without plant additives. When adding transglutaminase to the formulation, increases in the ultimate shear stress and viscosity were proven for all combined minced samples. The combined minces, containing flax flour, had a more plastic structure and the lowest modulus of elasticity, while minces including 14% hemp protein or more than 87% meat components were identical to the control samples in terms of deformation and elasticity. In enzyme-treated minces, the plasticity of the samples reduced while density and elasticity increased. Transglutaminase treatment contributed to the formation of optimal technological properties of combined minces. Microstructural analysis showed the intermolecular bonds between protein particles in combined minced samples with the addition of enzymes. The research results have demonstrated the effectiveness of using transglutaminase in the composition of combined minced meat for the formation of a homogeneous and dense system with the necessary technological and rheological properties.

Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of glass fiber/high fluidity polyamide-based composites for automotive market

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110140
Author(s):  
Hossein Ramezani-Dana ◽  
Moussa Gomina ◽  
Joël Bréard ◽  
Gilles Orange
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ultimate Strain ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforcement

In this work, we examine the relationships between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced polyamide 6,6 composite materials ( V f = 54%). These materials made by thermocompression incorporate different grades of high fluidity polyamide-based polymers and two types of quasi-UD glass fiber reinforcement. One is a classic commercial fabric, while the other specially designed and manufactured incorporates weaker tex glass yarns (the spacer) to increase the planar permeability of the preform. The effects of the viscosity of the polymers and their composition on the wettability of the reinforcements were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the microstructure. The respective influences of the polymers and the spacer on the mechanical performance were determined by uniaxial tensile and compression tests in the directions parallel and transverse to the warp yarns. Not only does the spacer enhance permeability but it also improves physical and mechanical properties: tensile longitudinal Young’s modulus increased from 38.2 GPa to 42.9 GPa (13% growth), tensile strength increased from 618.9 MPa to 697 MPa (3% growth), and decrease in ultimate strain from 1.8% to 1.7% (5% reduction). The correlation of these results with the damage observed post mortem confirms those acquired from analyses of the microstructure of composites and the rheological behaviors of polymers.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pauls P. Argalis ◽  
Laura Vitola ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Kristine Vegere
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

Predicting Sulfidic and Naphthenic Acid Corrosion

CORROSION ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 831-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hau
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Velocity Shear ◽  
Threshold Behavior ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Si Content

Abstract This paper reviews the factors that are hindering the development of models to predict corrosion due to sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids, or both, acting simultaneously on steels within the temperature range typically from 230°C to 400°C. These factors are identified as data scattering that do not distribute normally, variables or factors that do not exert their influence in a gradual manner but as a threshold behavior, and the interactions between the factors of sulfidic and naphthenic acid corrosion; exposure time, temperature, and velocity (shear stress); and the chromium and molybdenum content of the steels (Si content is not discussed). Not dealing with the interactions is probably the largest obstacle, followed by data scattering.

Research on Properties of Low Grade Cement-Based Composite Materials Modified by Silica Fume

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
Zi Fang Xu ◽  
Ming Xu Zhang ◽  
Jin Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Strength And Durability

In order to notably improve the mechanical properties and durability of low-grade cement-based material, superfine silica fume was used to modify the cement-based composite based on special perfomance and effects of nano powder. The mechanical performance and durability were investigated.Then the phase compositions,microstructure and morphologies of as-received cement-based composite were studied by X-ray Diffractometer、TGA-DTA and SEM. The results show that： the best formula of raw materials is 1:1:0.025:0.015, and hydration can be accelerated and increasing of hydration products is observed after modification. In the hardened cement matrix, microstructure is very compacted and C-S-H gel forms densed structure, so the structure defect is notably reduced. This means that both strength and durability of cement-based composite are notably improved by the addition of superfine silica fume.

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