Changes in climatic conditions in southeastern Transbaikalia during the growing season according to meteorological and dendrochronological data

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 80-98
Author(s):  
I.L. Vakhnina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Noskova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Climatic characteristics of southeastern Transbaikalia from May to September (the growing season), that determine the accumulation of plant biomass and, hence, agrometeorological characteristics of the territory, are analyzed. The study showed that from 1959 to 2018, there was a significant increase in air temperature values on average for the year and for the growing season. According to the values of precipitation anomalies for the last completed dry phase of the cycle (1999–2011), their increase in comparison with the previous one (1963–1982) is noted. From 2012 till now, a phase of increased moisture has been recorded. The tree-ring chronologies constructed from trees growing in southeastern Transbaikalia can be used to reconstruct the parameters of heat and moisture supply of the territory and to analyze climatic changes over a period significantly exceeding the series of meteorological observations (up to 500 years). Keywords: air temperature, precipitation, drought and moisture indices, dendrochronology, radial growth

The Incidence of Climatic Conditions Favourable to Coffee Berry Disease in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Disease ◽  
Air Temperatures

SUMMARYClimatic conditions affecting the development of CBD are assessed by measuring wetness within the tree canopy and air temperature. Saturation of the tree canopy, necessary for spore dispersal, occurs most frequently at the tops of trees and the duration of wetness permitting spore germination is most prolonged at night. Night air temperatures are closest to berry temperatures and are important in assessing infection periods. Disease development in 1968 and 1969 was related to the number of infection periods during the growing season. Polythene tree covers which kept trees sufficiently dry to stop disease development were used in determining infection at different times of the year.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Change (Karelia, Russia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Larisa Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

The overview of climatic conditions in Karelia is based on the data from meteorological observations carried out in 1951-2009 at Roskomgidromet weather stations situated in the study area. Taking the period in question into account, the mean annual air temperature norm has increased by 0.2-0.3°C. The greatest deviation from multiyear averages of mean monthly air temperature is observed in January and March. The investigation of the changes the basic regional climate characteristics is very important in present time because the global climate is changed. The analysis the data about air temperature and precipitation, that were obtained for the different meteorological stations in the investigated region, shows that the regional climate is changed and the main tendencies are directly proportional to the change of the global characteristics.

scholarly journals Screening of Various Metabolites in Six Barley Varieties Grown under Natural Climatic Conditions (2016–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Habschied ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Michael Sulyok ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
Vinko Krstanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Cyclic Dipeptides ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Significant Period ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations

Climatic changes influence considerably the distribution and occurrence of different secondary metabolites in cereals. The aim of this investigation was to assess the changes in metabolite prevalence observed in six different winter barley varieties over a statistically significant period of three years by linking agro-climatic conditions with metabolite concentrations in chosen samples. The results showed that temperatures and precipitation levels varied during the observed timeframe and that the multi-toxin concentrations followed the trend of changing climatic conditions depending on the variety. All quantified (fungal) metabolites showed significant variations throughout the years and, for some (tryptophol and the cyclic dipeptides cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)), an unexpected, but clear connection can be made with temperature changes and precipitation levels during the growing season.

scholarly journals The Transformation of Agro-Climatic Resources of the Altai Region under Changing Climate Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Maximova ◽  
Komali Kantamaneni ◽  
Gennady Morkovkin ◽  
Darya Arnaut ◽  
Louis Rice
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
The Past

This research examines the transformation of the agro-climatic conditions of the Altai region as a result of climate change. The climate of the Altai region in Russia is sharply continental and characterized by dry air and significant weather variability, both in individual seasons and years. The current study is determined by the lack of detailed area-related analytical generalizations for the territory of the Altai region over the past 30 years. Most of the published data dealing with an integrated analysis of the agro-climatic conditions in the Altai region date back to the late 1960s and early 1970s; in most cases, this data is from climate reference-books based on the generalized data from the first half of the 20th century. To make accurate forecasts and to efficiently manage agricultural production in the Altai region, area-related data on the state and dynamics of agro-climatic changes have been analysed. The results reveal that in the period between 1964 and 2017, significant climatic changes occurred in the territory of the Altai region. These climatic changes affected the growing season length, which increased due to a shift in the dates of the air temperature transition above 10 °C, to earlier dates in spring and to later dates in autumn. Furthermore, the current study also revealed that the foothills of the Altai Mountains are the most moistened parts of the region and the Kulunda lowland is the most arid part. In the Altai region, the accumulated temperatures and amounts of precipitation during the growing season increased significantly, and the values of integrated coefficients and indices that reflect the moisture supply conditions for the territory also changed significantly. Based upon the results, a schematic map of the current precipitation distribution on the Altai region’s territory has been generated. These results and this map may be used to conduct more detailed studies in the field of agro-climatology and to update the current borders of agro-climatic areas and revision of the agro-climatic zonation scheme.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Rate Responses of Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) to Atmospheric and Climatic Changes: A Longitudinal Study from Central Oregon, USA

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Peter T. Soulé ◽  
Paul A. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis

Research Highlights: In this longitudinal study, we explore the impacts of changing atmospheric composition and increasing aridity on the radial growth rates of western juniper (WJ; Juniperus occidentalis Hook). Since we sampled from study locations with minimal human agency, we can partially control for confounding influences on radial growth (e.g., grazing and logging) and better isolate the relationships between radial growth and climatic conditions. Background and Objectives: Our primary objective is to determine if carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment continues to be a primary driving force for a tree species positively affected by increasing CO2 levels circa the late 1990s. Materials and Methods: We collected data from mature WJ trees on four minimally disturbed study sites in central Oregon and compared standardized radial growth rates to climatic conditions from 1905–2017 using correlation, moving-interval correlation, and regression techniques. Results: We found the primary climate driver of radial growth for WJ is antecedent moisture over a period of several months prior to and including the current growing season. Further, the moving-interval correlations revealed that these relationships are highly stable through time. Despite a trend toward increasing aridity manifested through significant increases in maximum temperatures during the summer growing season, WJ radial growth post-1960 exceeds growth pre-1960, especially during drought years. Our results support prior conclusions that increasing atmospheric CO2 increases water-use efficiency for this semiarid species, which allows the trees to continue to grow during climatic periods negatively associated with radial growth. Conclusions: Recent studies have shown that semiarid ecosystems are important for understanding global variations in carbon uptake from the atmosphere. As WJ woodlands cover an extensive region in western North America and have undergone rapid expansion during the 20th and 21st centuries, they may become an increasingly important carbon sink.

scholarly journals Asynchrony and Time-Lag between Primary and Secondary Growth of Norway Spruce Growing in Different Elevations

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Ondřej Nezval ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Michal Bellan ◽  
Jan Světlík
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Meristem Development

Norway spruce is one of the most economically important coniferous species in Europe, but it has faced high mortality rates in the last few decades due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. Primary and secondary growth development may be affected by these non-optimal conditions. In this study, we aimed to analyze the timing, possible asynchrony and time-lag between the growth processes of Norway spruce. We used a novel methodological approach of primary (based on phenocamera picture evaluation) and secondary (dendrometers) growth detection. The combination of these novel approaches allowed us to compare these growth process in high temporal resolution. Measurements were performed in two experimental plots with contrasting climatic conditions (middle and higher elevations) in the years 2016–2019, during the presence of extreme climatic conditions. We demonstrated a significant elongation of the growing season, with a more pronounced effect at higher elevation. Compared to the long-term mean, we observed an additional 50 days with a temperature above 15 °C at the higher elevation plot. There were no found patterns in the time-shift of both growth processes between plots. On the other hand we observed asynchrony of radial growth and meristems growth. Radial growth began earlier than the phenology of apical meristems growth. The onset, end and duration of meristem growth differed between studied plots and years as well. The onset of radial growth did not follow the gradient of microclimatic parameters; however, the differences in climatic conditions between plots did cause a shift in the onset of meristem growth. The process of the radial growth was twice as long as for apical meristem development. On average, radial growth requires 71 days more than meristem phenology to reach full process completion. Our data confirmed that these growth processes are strongly affected by external weather conditions and the duration of the growing season. More advanced and detailed monitoring of these processes can provide more accurate data of the health status of trees in the forest.

scholarly journals Method for Assessment of Risk of Auto-Roads’ Functionality Loss in Territories of Long-Term (Eternal) Permafrost in Connection with Projected Climatic Changes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Трофименко ◽  
Yuri Trofimenko ◽  
Якубович ◽  
A. Yakubovich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Statistical Simulation ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Cryolithic Zone

The risk of auto-roads’ functionality loss in the territories of the long-term (eternal) permafrost in connection with predicted climatic changes is estimated on road structure’s reliability value with use of the existing regulating legal documents. The quantitative risk assessment of functionality loss has been carried out by methods of probabilistic and statistical simulation for the main auto-roads in permafrost zone. It has been shown that in the climatic conditions typical for Russia’s cryolithic zone, increase in air temperature by 1 degree causes an essential increase of risk for an auto-road’s functionality loss. Temperature regime’s contrast change is the second significant factor influencing the risk.

scholarly journals Productivity of heterotic of sugar corn hybrids with FAO 280–290 of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
М. О. Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Hybrids

Change in climatic conditions are is reality the reality of our days. She is accompanied by an increase in air temperature and changes in precipitation. However, in such conditions it is necessary to have sweet corn hybrids that will provide high yields. The spread of sweet corn hybrids is due to the use of its freshly cooked products in the summer. However, the demand for products is constantly increasing for both frozen and canned corn. Therefore, the main guarantee of obtaining a future harvest is the correct choice of a hybrid for cultivation, taking into account soil and сlimatiс conditions. The tests were conducted in the experimental field of Uman NUH in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in 2021. New maize hybrids (obtained from maternal lines with different mutant genes) were used as test material. Number of studied hybrids – 4. Hybrid Spokusa was used as a standard. During the entire growing season, they were examined for the duration of the growing season and a number of morphological characteristics such as plant height and attachment height of the productive ear. The above listed signs are precisely the genetic feature of the hybrids and their response to changes in air temperature and precipitation. Our research made it possible to isolate a hybrid of corn 1290 (subject to the presence of su1se1 genes in the hybrid genotype), which is attributed to the middle-early ripeness group, and is also characterized by an average plant height of 220 cm and an average ear attachment height permissible for mechanized harvesting – 60 cm. seed productivity at the level of 4.9 t/ha and is characterized by high resistance to damage by corn motile.

scholarly journals The effects of frost conditions on forest management based on the example of the July 1996 period at Hala Izerska in the Izera Mountains

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Urban
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the characteristics of a frost episode that occurred July, 20-23, 1996 in the centre of the Izera Mountains and its effects on forest management. Source data consisted of air temperature measurements originating from the author’s own and archival databases of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW), Voivodeship Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (WIOŚ), University of Wrocław (UWr) and the Bureau of Forest Management and Geodesy in Brzeg (BULiGL). The intensity, time of occurrence and effects of this particular episode were extreme. The estimated probability of frost in the centre of the mountain dale Hala Izerska in July at a temperature of -5.5°C two meters above ground level is 2.4%. Therefore, it can be stated that such a sharp decline of Tmin in the middle of the growing season can occur in this area once every 40-50 years. Strong, nocturnal decreases of Tmin below 0°C during the growing season occur in the Izera Mountains almost every year, causing significant damage to silviculture. The interior of the Izera Mountains, represented by mountain dale Hala Izerska, is one of the coldest or even the coldest site in Poland in terms of absolute minimums of air temperature during the growing season. In the mountain areas, knowledge of the impact of climate, such as thermal factors, on tree stands enables silviculture work to be optimised, ultimately allowing funding to be rationalised. The distinct climatic conditions of mountain basins and valleys, slopes and plateaus located at similar altitudes need to be considered.

scholarly journals Finding an imprint of solar and climatic cycles in tree rings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Šimůnek ◽  
Vojtěch Hájek ◽  
Anna Prokůpková ◽  
Josef Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The present study is focused on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growth in eastern Bohemia in the Broumovské stěny National Nature Reserve, Czech Republic. The objective of this research was to develop an evaluation of European beech radial growth in relation to solar activity (number of sunspots), air temperature in the growing season, annual precipitation and air pollution (SO<sub>2</sub> depositions). The highest positive significant correlation coefficient was found between radial growth of European beech and number of sunspots, followed by the correlation with air temperature in the growing season. The radial growth showed a negative significant correlation with SO<sub>2</sub> depositions. The correlation of the radial growth indicates that precipitation and sunspots have a lower correlation coefficient with beech growth than seasonal temperature during an air pollution disaster in the 21st solar cycle. Radial growth, precipitation total and air temperature in the growing season were processed by spectral analysis for the evaluation of periodic cycles. The 7.5- to 11-year cycles were observed in air temperature and in sunspot cycles. Precipitation and air temperature in the growing season indicate a higher frequency at 3.7-year cycles. The long-term periodicity of radial growth was influenced by both solar activity and fluctuations of growing-season air temperature.

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