Use of an air curtain to counteract the headwind when spraying field crops

Author(s):  
Yu. G. Vozhyk ◽  
P. I. Vitrukh ◽  
Yu. V. Kosovets ◽  
V. I. Panasyuk

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of field crop spraying and saving plant protection products by developing adaptations to field crop sprayers that will minimize the negative impact of headwind on the quality of this process. Methods. Theoretical calculations, their analysis and experimental verification. Results. The structural diagram of the method and device to the sprayer to create an air curtain was substantiated, which provided an increase in the allowable wind speed during spraying up to 7 m/s. Conclusions. It is established that with the use of a fan with a flow rate of 6000 m3/h, full air pressure of 6000 Pa and a reserve power of 30 kW of a tractor 1.4 class on the drive of the fan device to the sprayer, the maximum permissible diameter of the nozzle to create an air curtain is 0.02 m, and the sprayer grip width is 18 m. With the above parameters and operating modes of the air curtain and air velocity in nozzles of 30 m/s the air curtain can increase the permissible wind speed during spraying up to 7 m/s. Keywords: toxic chemicals, spraying, sprayer device, wind, air curtain, parameters, operating modes.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
А.А. Borysenko ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
B.I. Shpak ◽  
S.Т. Omelchuk ◽  
V.G. Bardov

Global strategies, including application of chemical plant protection products, are important in the cultivation of safe corps and preservation of human health. A promising area of preventive medicine, agronomy, agroecology and agroengineering is the optimization of methods of pesticide formulations application. The aim of the work was a hygienic assessment of the most common and latest methods of crops treatment with chemical pesticides. Results. The biological effectiveness of different types of pesticides is achieved by different application rates of the working solution. The most common method of pesticide application is spraying, which ensures the application of pesticides in the drop-liquid state and is characterized by low consumption of active substance per unit area, variable-controlled distribution on the treatment surface, provides good adhesion and retention on facilities, allows the use of combined formulations. One of the most effective ways to minimize the negative impact of chemical plant protection products and achieve economic success is a rational approach to the choice of pesticide application, as it takes into account the hazard class of pesticides, the presence of water protection zones, the sensitivity of target crops, etc. Conclusion. Rational application of pesticides includes minimizing the overall effect of pesticides on human health and the environment and achieving high-targeted biological efficiency. Adherence to the methodology of choosing the type of pesticide application and selection of the type of spray is a key point in optimizing the rational use of chemical plant protection products, which requires a detailed study from the standpoint of both efficiency and safety. Control over compliance with the recommendations should be included in sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-ecological monitoring.


Author(s):  
I. V. Maksimov ◽  
M. Yu. Shein ◽  
R. M. Khairullin

Diseases annually cause significant crop losses and reduced quality of agricultural products. The development strategy of new environmentally friendly plant protection products should consider the role of the microbiome in host defense.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Elena Maria Varoni

In the past decades, the scientific quality of biomedical studies has been hierarchically depicted in the well-known pyramid of evidence-based medicine (EBM), with higher and higher levels of evidence moving from the base to the top. Such an approach is missing in the modern crop protection and, therefore, we introduce, for the first time, this novel concept of evidence-based phytoiatry in this field. This editorial is not a guideline on plant protection products (PPP) registration, but rather a scientific and technical support for researchers involved in the general area of plant pathology, providing them with evidence-based information useful to design critically new studies.


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Andrzej Osuch ◽  
Przemysław Przygodziński ◽  
Piotr Rybacki ◽  
Ewa Osuch ◽  
Ireneusz Kowalik ◽  
...  

An important factor along with the availability of food is its quality. It depends, among other things, on the type of plant protection products used and the method of their application. This manuscript presents research on the possibility of using a shielded band sprayer in field onion cultivation. The shielded band spraying technology presented in this article is the subject of a patent application (application number P.428494-The prototype of the machine was produced in Poland in cooperation with the University of Life Sciences in Poznań). The research consisted in comparing the quantity and quality of the obtained crop, based on various methods of reducing the weed population. The research results indicate that the proposed shielded band spraying technology may affect the food quality (the active substance is not sprayed on onion plants) and profitability of farms (less use of plant protection products).


Author(s):  
S.A. Korshunov ◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
A.I. Chomiak ◽  
G.V. Volkova

Наряду с традиционными приемами ведения сельского хозяйства во многих странах развивается альтернативное земледелие, основанное на строгом соблюдении научных рекомендаций и требований по эксплуатации почвенных ресурсов с целью их сохранения при длительном использовании. Одно из таких направлений – органическое земледелие, успешно развивающееся в странах ЕС и США последние 30 лет. Оно предполагает создание высококультурной, экологически сбалансированной агроэкосистемы, критериями функционирования которой является устойчивость агроландшафта на фоне продуктивного долголетия всех составляющих его компонентов (почва, растения, животный мир). Устойчивость таких агроценозов обеспечивается путем минимизации негативного влияния на агроэкосистему (отказ от применения пестицидов и других средств защиты растений, химических удобрений, ГМО, ионизирующего излучения) и внедрения экологически обоснованной системы земледелия при обязательном контроле за состоянием всего агробиоценоза в системе эколого-мелиоративного и агроэкологического мониторинга. Научно-исследовательская деятельность и биологическая защита в органическом сельском хозяйстве должны отвечать основным задачам реального сектора. Ученым, вовлеченным в данное направление, важно взаимодействовать с сертифицированными органическими производителями, профильными союзами, понимать как частные задачи конкретных хозяйств, так и общерыночные тенденции, требования сертифицирующих органов, знать основные стандарты органического сельского хозяйства. В обзоре рассмотрены тенденции развития рынка органической продукции в России и в мире. Показана прямая взаимосвязь между государственной поддержкой экологизации земледелия и ростом рынка органической продукции. Представлены данные социологических опросов с целью выявления количественных и качественных показателей развития рынка органического сельского хозяйства и биологизации земледелия в Российской Федерации. Подчеркнута роль биологической защиты растений как ключевого элемента обеспечения стабильного органического производства, что потребует активного и целенаправленного внедрения научных методов поддержания плодородия почв и механизмов естественной биоценотической регуляции агроэкосистем, разработанных российскими учеными.In addition to traditional farming practices, many countries are developing alternative agriculture based on strict compliance with scientific recommendations and requirements for the exploitation of soil resources in order to preserve them during long-term use. One of these areas is organic farming, which successfully developing in the EU and the US for the last 30 years. It includes creation of a highly cultured, ecologically balanced agroecosystem, which has stability of agrocenosis with productive longevity of all its components (soil, plants, wildlife). The sustainability of such agrocenoses is ensured by minimizing the negative impact on the agroecosystem (refusal to use pesticides and other plant protection products, chemical fertilizers, GMOs, ionizing radiation) and the introduction of environmentally sound farming system with mandatory control over the state of the entire agrobiocenosis in the system of ecological-meliorative and agroecological monitoring. Research and biological protection in organic agriculture must meet the basic objectives of the real sector. Scientists involved in this area, it is important to interact with certified organic producers, specialized unions, to understand both the private tasks of specific farms and General market trends, the requirements of certification bodies, to know the basic standards of organic agriculture. The review examines the trends in the development of organic products market in Russia and in the world. The direct relationship between the state support for the greening of agriculture and the growth of the market of organic products is shown. The article presents the data of sociological surveys to identify quantitative and qualitative indicators of the market of organic agriculture and biologization of agriculture in the Russian Federation. The role of biological plant protection as a key element of ensuring stable organic production is emphasized, which will require the active and purposeful introduction of scientific methods for maintaining soil fertility and mechanisms of natural biocenotic regulation of agroecosystems developed by Russian scientists.


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kekalo ◽  
V. V. Nemchenko ◽  
A. S. Philippov ◽  
N. Yu. Zargaryan ◽  
T. A. Kozlova

The article analyzes data on the effect of fungicidal and herbicidal preparations on grain quality and productivity of spring wheat. Timely and high-quality use of plant protection products from harmful organisms can improve not only the productivity of spring wheat, but often the quality of grain. In the years of mass spread of aerogenic infections, the use of fungicides in wheat crops can increase the protein content of the grain, as the leaves are longer and more productive photosynthesize. Under these conditions, the increase of the content of gluten on the use of systemic multi-component fungicide in the phase of the flag leaf was 3 %, in case of moderate development of disease was 2.4 %. The yield of flour increased by 5-7 %, and in some years there was an improvement in baking evaluation from satisfactory on the control variant to good on the variant with using a system fungicide. Correlation dependence of disease development and gluten content in grain was characterized as very strong and very strong inverse (r=0.88-0.98). In years with the strong development of leaf spots and the defeat of straw linear rust requires double use of fungicides to preserve the crop and grain quality. Long-term tests of post-emergence herbicides have shown that the use of these drugs in the framework of the regulations of their use did not worsen the quality of spring wheat grain, but also a significant stable positive effect on this indicator was not observed.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Иван Боубэтрын ◽  
◽  
Алехандру Даскaлюк ◽  

The scope of the research was to determine the efficiency of the combined effect of fungicides and the biostimulator Reglalag in the protection of apple orchards from apple scab disease. The introduction of a biostimulator into the tank mixture with fungicides allowed us to reduce by half the quantity of synthetic plant protection products. This combination allows us to reduce the cost of plant protection, reduces the negative impact of the fungicides on environment, and increases the economic efficiency of apple cultivation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Stefan Tóth ◽  
Michal Stricík ◽  
Stefan Týr ◽  
Tomás Veres

This paper discusses possibilities for pyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Vis. production in southern regions of Slovakia, with an emphasis on target marketing, management constraints and further research. Pyrethrum is not a traditional crop in Slovakia but prospects have opened up for its cultivation. The high yields and quality of some suitable pyrethrum ecotypes provide the grounds for effective field production under favorable conditions. Pyrethrum yielding 1.275 t of dried flowers per hectare and having at least 1.5% pyrethrum content can be a profitable and highly lucrative crop with an economic result ranging from 413 to 1071 ? per ha. A SWOT analysis revealed that pyrethrum production in Slovakia could take a course of an offensive strategy. However, intensive production of this commodity needs further development. Prospects for this non-traditional crop in Slovakia are also promising in terms of development of farming systems in which plant protection products of botanical origin would be welcome. Improved processing and stabilization of extract would further increase the possibilities.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Jean Le Goff ◽  
Jeremy Berthe ◽  
Benoit Dochy ◽  
Olivier Lebbe ◽  
Thierry Hance

AbstractThe pear tree is a main economical orchard crops under temperate climate with more than twenty-five million tons of fruit produced each year. The psylla Cacopsylla pyri is the most important pest, as it infests all commercial pear tree varieties, it sucks the phloem sap and it cause damages to the trees by nutrient subtraction and disease transmission (sooty molds and phytoplasm). The management of this insect is mainly based on integrated pest management with a mix of natural and chemical controls. However, with the ban of a growing number of plant protection products and the increasing public interest in an “organic” mode of consumption, it is important to develop innovative ways of pest managements respectful of the environment. Trechnites insidiosus is the most abundant parasitoid of C. pyri but it has been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the parasitism behaviour of T. insidiosus toward the different larval stages of C. pyri, and to evaluate the quality of the next generation individuals. We observed that stage 3 and 4 larvae are the most interesting hosts for T. insidiosus in order to produce individuals in quantity and in quality. This provides a basis for further studies and fulfill the lack of data concerning this insect in the literature, particularly with regard to its biology, its behaviour and its use in biological management.


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