scholarly journals Analysis of pollutant emissions from marine engines when burning traditional and alternative fuels

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Г.В. Черкаев
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Calculation Results

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с анализом достоинств и недостатков различных видов альтернативных топлив. Эти топлива могут применяться на судах различного назначения со средне- и высокооборотными дизельными двигателями. Наиболее актуальной альтернативой для полной или частичной замены жидкого нефтяного топлива является биотопливо. Особое внимание уделено микроводорослям, темпы роста которых значительно выше, чем у выращиваемых наземных культур. Рассматриваются такие виды альтернативных топлив, как биодизель, биоэтанол, биогаз, растительное масло, пиролизное масло, биобутанол, диметиловый эфир. Показано, что для расчета количества выбросов загрязняющих веществ, выделяющихся при сжигании биотоплив в судовых ДВС, может подойти модель «черного ящика». Зная основные физико-химические свойства топлива (теплотворная способность, плотность, вязкость, содержание кислорода и др.), можно оценить расход топлива, определить выбросы углекислого газа. Представлены результаты расчетов выбросов загрязняющих веществ при сжигании биотоплив. В итоге все полученные результаты могут быть переведены в условные единицы и пересчитаны в эквиваленты выбрасываемых парниковых газов. The article discusses issues related to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various types of alternative fuels. These fuels can be used on ships for various purposes equipped with MSD and HSD engines. Biofuels are the most relevant alternative for the complete or partial replacement of liquid fuel oil. Particular attention is paid to microalgae, the growth rate of which is much higher than that of grown terrestrial crops. These types of alternative fuels are considered as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, vegetable oil, pyrolysis oil, biobutanol, dimethyl ether, etc. It is shown that the “black box” model may be suitable for calculating the amount of pollutant emissions released during the combustion of biofuels in ship internal combustion engines. Knowing the basic physicochemical properties of fuel (calorific value, density, viscosity, oxygen content, etc.), it is possible to estimate fuel consumption and determine CO2emissions. The calculation results of pollutant emissions from biofuel combustion are presented. As a result, all the results obtained can be converted into conventional units and recalculated into the equivalents of the emitted greenhouse gases.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiddha Palit ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal ◽  
Sudip Ghosh ◽  
Arup Jyoti Bhowal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ic Engines

Fast depletion of the conventional petroleum-based fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental effects of the pollutant emissions associated with the combustion of these fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines propelled the exploration and development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels for IC engines. This paper discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel vis-a-vis the conventional petro-diesel and presents the energetic performances and emission characteristics of CI engine using biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends as fuels. An overview of the current research works carried out by several researchers has been presented in brief. A review of the performance analysis suggests that biodiesel and its blends with conventional diesel have comparable brake thermal efficiencies. The energy balance studies show that biodiesel returns more than 3 units of energy for each unit used in its production. However, the brake specific fuel consumption increases by about 9–14% compared to diesel fuel. But, considerable improvement in environmental performance is obtained using biodiesel. There is significant reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with biodiesel. But the NOx emission is more with biodiesel compared to diesel. A case study with Jatropha biodiesel as fuel and the current development status, both global and Indian, of biodiesel as a CI engine fuel have been included in the paper.

scholarly journals Performance In-Live of Marine Engines: A Tool for Its Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5707
Author(s):  
Matteo Dodero ◽  
Serena Bertagna ◽  
Alberto Marino’ ◽  
Vittorio Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Generator Sets

Currently, most ships use internal combustion engines (ICEs) either as propulsion engines or generator sets. The growing concern in environmental protection along with the consequent international rule framework motivated shipowners and designers to replace conventional power systems in order to mitigate pollutant emissions. Therefore, manufacturers have made available on the market many technological solutions to use alternative fuels (Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG, methanol, etc.). However, the main energy source is still fossil fuel, so almost all the ICEs are made up of turbocharged diesel engines (TDEs). TDEs have still the potential to improve their efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In particular, the interpretation of Industry 4.0 given by manufacturers enabled the installation of a robust network of sensors on TDEs, which is able to allow reliable power management systems and make ships much more efficient regarding operating costs (fuel consumption and maintenance) and environmental footprint. In this paper, a software tool that is capable of processing the in-live performance of TDEs is described. The great novelty consists in the ability to process all the information detected by the sensor network in-live and dynamically optimize TDEs’ operation, whereas the common practice involves the collection of performance data and their off-line processing.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martins ◽  
F. P. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Ic Engines

The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.

scholarly journals Pyrolytic Waste Plastic Oil and Its Diesel Blend: Fuel Characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. H. Khan ◽  
M. Sultana ◽  
M. R. Al-Mamun ◽  
M. R. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Waste Plastic Oil ◽  
Fuel Characterization ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Blend Fuel

The authors introduced waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) as an alternative fuel characterized in detail and compared with conventional diesel. High density polyethylene, HDPE, was pyrolyzed in a self-designed stainless steel laboratory reactor to produce useful fuel products. HDPE waste was completely pyrolyzed at 330–490°C for 2-3 hours to obtain solid residue, liquid fuel oil, and flammable gaseous hydrocarbon products. Comparison of the fuel properties to the petrodiesel fuel standards ASTM D 975 and EN 590 revealed that the synthetic product was within all specifications. Notably, the fuel properties included a kinematic viscosity (40°C) of 1.98 cSt, density of 0.75 gm/cc, sulphur content of 0.25 (wt%), and carbon residue of 0.5 (wt%), and high calorific value represented significant enhancements over those of conventional petroleum diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Numerical Model of SO2 Scrubbing with Seawater Applied to Marine Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Lamas ◽  
C. G. Rodríguez ◽  
J. D. Rodríguez ◽  
J. Telmo
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel

AbstractThe present paper proposes a CFD model to study sulphur dioxide (SO2) absorption in seawater. The focus is on the treatment of marine diesel engine exhaust gas. Both seawater and distilled water were compared to analyze the effect of seawater alkalinity. The results indicate that seawater is more appropriate than distilled water due to its alkalinity, obtaining almost 100% cleaning efficiency for the conditions analyzed. This SO2reduction meets the limits of SOxemission control areas (SECA) when operating on heavy fuel oil. These numerical simulations were satisfactory validated with experimental tests. Such data are essential in designing seawater scrubbers and judging the operating cost of seawater scrubbing compared to alternative fuels.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG BIJI KARET DENGAN ADITIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF MELALUI TEKNOLOGI PEMBRIKETAN

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Randi Nasarudin ◽  
Abdul Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Additional Material

The development of alternative energy sources that can replace fuel oil is very important to utilize natural resources optimally and environmentally. The shell produced from rubber plants is the main ingredient in this study, while the coconut shell is an additional material used to increase the calorific value of alternative fuels which is often referred to as Briquette. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in raw material composition and variations in pressure on the quality of rubber shells and coconut shell waste briquettes according to SNI standards. The raw material for rubber shell and coconut shell is processed into charcoal using carbonization method with a variation of a mixture of 85%: 15%, 90%: 10% and 95%: 5% with 5% adhesive. Then mix the printed material with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 and 100kg/cm2. The quality parameters of briquettes are based on SNI 01-6235-2000 standards with moisture content, ash content, volatille matter content, and lacquer value. The results of the study showed that the sample b1 with 85% injection: 15% print pressure 300kg/cm2. The briquette with the sample code b1 has a water content value of 5,10432%, ash content of 14,8604%, volatile matter content of 12,8002%, carbon value of 66,8225% and heating value of 6576.592501 cal/gr. But overall the briquettes have not met the standards of SNI 01-6235-2000 concerning the quality of wood charcoal briquettes. Because the ash content of the briquette exceeds the maximum limit that has been determined, namely a maximum of 8%.  Keywords: Alternative Energy, Rubber Seed Shell, Coconut Shell, Pressure

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamas M.I. ◽  
Rodríguez C.G. ◽  
Telmo J. ◽  
Rodríguez J.D.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Oil Fuel

AbstractThe current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wärtsilä 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2, hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOxand HC than oil fuel. SOxdepends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.

scholarly journals NOx and CO Emission Analysis Using Oxygenated Fuels for a Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Particulate Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Andrei-Constantin SOFIAN ◽  
Mădălin-Florin POPA ◽  
Bogdan Manolin JURCHIȘ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The automotive industry is responsible for a big part of the pollutant emissions, and the measures that are being taken to reduce these emissions are extremely important. Compared to 1990 emissions of nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engines decreased approximately by 39%, and for PM 2.5 by 37%. Even so, emissions concerns have increased in recent years, so the EU has taken a series of measures to continuously reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide related to transport sector. It is well known that the replacement, even partial, of fossil fuels with alternative fuels has a significant contribution to the decarbonisation of trans-European transport, which reduces the environmental impact of this sector. With a share of around 4.7% of all fuels used in EU transport, biofuels are the main type of alternative fuel. In addition, if produced sustainably, biofuels help reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and solid particles, but at certain operating intervals, the engine can produce more NOx emissions, which is why diesel engines must be equipped with additional NOx emission treatment systems.

scholarly journals Improving the Supply System Gas Engine to Improve Energy Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Ramil Khakimov ◽  
Otari Didmanidze ◽  
Ekaterina Parlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Calculated Volume ◽  
Transfer Parameters

The paper presents the main advantages and disadvantages of standard fuels in comparison with alternative fuels of methane series used in internal combustion engines. Particular attention in the article is given to the study of the heat transfer parameters of the calculated volume in the fuel tank filled with liquefied methane with thermal insulation, as well as methane outflow in special round tubes to transport gas in the liquid phase to the atomizer of the gas injector. Variants of numerical modeling of phase transitions of the heterogeneous system inside the tank are presented, as the calculated volume and flow of a two-phase flow of liquefied methane in tubes in the horizontal plane, taking into account the operating parameters of the elements of the fuel supply system.

scholarly journals From Plastic to Fuel - New Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Constantinescu ◽  
Felicia Bucura ◽  
Eusebiu Ilarian Ionete ◽  
Daniela Ion-Ebrasu ◽  
claudia Sandru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Different Types

The increased demand for energy sources is the driving force to convert organic compounds into alternative fuels. Plastic waste disposal affects the environment, since they are not easily recycled and, during the recycling process, they can produce waste ash, heavy metals, or potentially harmful gas emissions. In the plant design for plastic converting into fuel, the chemical reactor is one of the advanced equipment in the field of chemical and process engineering. This study emphasizes the feasibility of pyrolysis process for valorisation plastics by producing energy-efficient products. In this respect, samples of polypropylene, polyethylene and polystyrene were used as models and subjected to pyrolysis processes at 450 �C, in the presence of two types of mesoporous silica materials, MCM-41 and SBA-15, using a modern developed reactor. The use of mesoporous materials increased the calorific value of the obtained oil and gas, thus improving the economic potential of the process end products. This study dealt with the extraction of oil from plastics termed as plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) and plastics pyrolysis gas (PPG), with a composition rich in different types of hydrocarbons and they can be marketed at much cheaper rates compared to that present in the market.

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