scholarly journals LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF ARCHAISMS OF THE ABAZA LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (3) ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
S. U. Pazov ◽  
I. A. Dakhchukova
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Functional Relevance

The Abaza language is a language with a recent system of writing, and on that ground many issues of lexicology including archaisms have not been studied monographically. The article presents the systematization of a particular case of archaisms. On the basis of more than 600 obsolete words extracted by the authors from the lexicographical sources, texts of Abaza folklore, artistic and publicistic literature and field materials, analysis of its features and classification of archaisms, the main reasons for the transition of lexems from active to passive vocabulary are revealed. The study confirmed the well-known position in General lexicology that the main trigger for archaization of lexemes is a decrease in the level of functional relevance of the word, due to the loss of relevance of the denoted (denotation) of this unit. Depending on the reason for transition to a passive vocabulary, several groups of archaisms are distinguished: a) proper lexical archaisms , b) lexical-semantic archaisms, с) lexical-phonetic archaisms, d) lexical-morphological archaisms, and e) lexical-word-forming archaisms. The process of word archaization is influenced by both linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Due to the nature of the Abaza literary language, which is recently put into writing, the concept of «archaism» or «obsolete words» is different for different generations of Abazins. Many words related to the vocabulary of agriculture, cattle breeding, sewing, etc. are already archaisms for modern youth, while for the adult (elderly) population they are still commonly used. The process of archaization of words is influenced by both linguistic and extralinguistic factors.

scholarly journals Categorization and Conceptualization of Space in Descriptive Text

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Y. N. Varfolomeeva
Keyword(s):  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Semantics

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of studying spatial semantics in the new scientific paradigm. The possibility of studying genre varieties of description (description-landscape, description-interior, description-portrait, description of the subject) using frame analysis is indicated in the article. Considerable attention is paid to the classification of spatial verb description predicates. It is noted that the unflagging interest in verbal units in modern linguistics, with unsteady classification grounds, different numbers of distinguished verb classes and terminological differences in describing the object, indicates the need to compile a classification of verb predicates based on the principles of linguocognitology. The study of the semantics of verb predicates of descriptive text, the identification of integrating and differential seme, contributing to the isolation of various lexical-semantic groups of verb predicates and building the patterns implemented in the description of spatial relationships appears to be significant. The attention is focused on the need to integrate linguistic, physiological and psychological knowledge in the study of the predicative component of a descriptive text. Such integration is embodied in the idea of spatial discrimination through all sensory systems and the division of spatial predicates into units of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste and undifferentiated perception. It is established that in the case of using predicates of intermodal semantics, spatial significance is realized in terms of “proximity” / “remoteness” of the source objects of the corresponding sensations.

scholarly journals Lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of the feminine gender in the Uzbek language

Academia Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnamova Shakhnoza Kakhramonovna ◽  
B. Mengliyev
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Feminine

The two sexes - men and women - are not only biologically diverse, but also have their differences in language use. This article presents a lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of female sexuality in Uzbek, and analyzes each of the euphemic agents in each group.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses, exemplified by selected tributaries of the San river

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka ◽  
Sławomir Brózda ◽  
Agnieszka Sznajder
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Artificial Channel ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Legal Classification

Abstract The paper presents hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses in Poland. As a case study, the watercourse Motwica, right tributary of the river San has been analysed. The main objective of this paper is an attempt to analyse whether the Motwica should be classified as flowing or standing water and the legal grounds for such classification in the Water Law Act. On the base of archival and contemporary cartographic materials’ analysis it has been determined that the Motwica should not be classified as natural watercourse because its significant part flows in an artificial channel.

scholarly journals The Notion of Argument in Prepositional Phrase Attachment

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Merlo ◽  
Eva Esteve Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we refine the formulation of the problem of prepositional phrase (PP) attachment as a four-way disambiguation problem. We argue that, in interpreting PPs, both knowledge about the site of the attachment (the traditional noun-verb attachment distinction) and the nature of the attachment (the distinction of arguments from adjuncts) are needed. We introduce a method to learn arguments and adjuncts based on a definition of arguments as a vector of features. In a series of supervised classification experiments, first we explore the features that enable us to learn the distinction between arguments and adjuncts. We find that both linguistic diagnostics of argumenthood and lexical semantic classes are useful. Second, we investigate the best method to reach the four-way classification of potentially ambiguous prepositional phrases. We find that whereas it is overall better to solve the problem as a single four-way classification task, verb arguments are sometimes more precisely identified if the classification is done as a two-step process, first choosing the attachment site and then labeling it as argument or adjunct.

scholarly journals MULTI-LEVEL VERBAL MARKERS OF SUGGESTION IN PROSECUTION ATTORNEYS’ OPENING STATEMENTS (IN THE SCOPE OF MODERN AMERICAN LEGAL THRILLERS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Iryna Harbar
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Psychological Influence ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Opening Statements

The article sets out to justify the author’s opinion on the fact that the main peculiarity of the prosecution attorneys’ opening statements is their power of suggestion, i.e. exerting emotional and psychological influence on the jury with the purpose of changing their emotions, feelings and train of thoughts in favour of the attorney and their client. A lexical-semantic classification of multi-level verbal markers of suggestion has been worked out in the article under consideration to show which language units prosecution attorneys give preference to in order to exert the influence of suggestion on the jury. The classification in question shows that the notion of suggestion exists on all speech levels: phonetic, morphological, lexical-semantic and syntactic, with lexical-semantic being the most abundant in prosecution attorneys’ opening statements. Verbal markers of suggestion on lexical-semantic level were divided into those of direct and indirect nomination. Verbal markers of suggestion on phonetic, morphological and syntactic levels perform only supplementary function in exerting the influence of suggestion on the jury members. The article concludes that the prosecution attorneys purposely use a great amount of multi-level verbal markers of suggestion at the same time to have the massive impact on the jury’s thoughts, emotions, feelings, attitudes. The classification under consideration has been worked out in the scope of modern American legal thrillers, written by professional attorneys who depict the slightest details of real American legal proceedings.

scholarly journals THEMATIC GROUPS OF ENGLISH TERMS OF THE SPECIALIZED LANGUAGE OF THE U. S. HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Sheremeta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Orientation ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Terminology System

The article, based on a systematic approach, highlights the author's thematic groups of English-language terminological units of the specialized  language of higher education in the United States. An attempt has been made to comprehend on the scholarly basis the correlation between the concepts of “thematic group” and “lexical-semantic group”. It is noted that the thematic classification of lexical units, which is the most common way of combining words, is bgrounded on the internal connections of objects and phenomena of reality, and is determined by the subject-logical features and common functional purpose of these units. Thematic groups of one or another branch terminological system can contain several nuclear lexical-semantic groups, and their units are characterized by a clear differentiation of features. It is emphasized that in interpreting the concept of thematic group, modern linguistics aims to determine the ways and features of semantic development (extralinguistic aspects) not of individual words, but of groups of lexems that have one semantic orientation. A thematic group is a group of words that includes words selected and combined on the basis of common subject-logical connections, and these words are the same parts of speech; or words from other parts of speech, needed to reveal a common theme. In the process of systematic study of English terminology of the U. S. higher education at the conceptual level, the terms are distributed by the author in a certain order – built subject-matter classification, which results in combining terms into thematic groups. Thematic classification involves a clear, logically sound organization of terminological vocabulary. The classification of the terminology of American higher education is based on determining its content, establishing the scope of semantics of each term, its concept that is combined with other terminological units in a single terminology system of the U. S. higher education.

scholarly journals Landscape differentiation of environmental management systems in Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
I. V. Shashkov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Environmental Management Systems ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Dry Farming

The article is devoted to the analysis of the location of various forms of environmental management in Afghanistan. The main approaches to the classification of environmental management are considered, a version of the classification of environmental management in relation to the landscape conditions of Afghanistan is proposed, and a corresponding map has been drawn up. It was found that in the largest areas of the territory within the administrative borders of Afghanistan, dry farming (including cattle breeding), small oasis and oasis farming involving pasture cattle breeding with extremely low productivity is implemented, but their area is more than 70 % of the total area of the country. Highly productive agricultural use of nature is realized only under conditions of artificial irrigation, and occupies extremely small areas, which are also the most densely populated.

scholarly journals Eastern Polissian dialectal speakers’ metatextual utterances: dialectal speech

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
O. M. Kholodon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Folk Classification ◽  
Village People ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Village ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
The Town ◽  
Metalinguistic Activity

The article deals with the problem of the study of the dialectal personality phenomenon and analyzes Eastern Polissian dialectal material, which testifies about actualization of the dialectal speakers’ metalinguistic consciousness. It is noted that the territory of Eastern Polissia borders on Belarusian and Russian languages, on the border of which scholars notice a special “surge” of metalinguistic activity, although they indicate that dialectal speakers’ metatextual utterances are not frequent in everyday communication. The purpose of the study is to identify the metatextual utterances of the Eastern Polissian dialect that reflect their knowledge and evaluation of the dialectal speech. The source of the study is the dialectal material recorded by the author in Chernihiv and Sumy oblasts during 2009–2019 and recorded dialectal texts; metatextual utterances are fixed occasionally. It is established that metatextual utterances in the dialectal communication arise spontaneously in the condition of communicators’ / speakers’ language norm contravention, understanding the opposition “his own” — “foreign”, relocation of dialectal speakers to another language environment and explorer’s provocation with direct questions. Revealed manifestations of oppositions “the Ukrainian literary language (or dialectal speech, which, according to dialectal speakers’ opinion, is close to literary)” — “the dialectal speech”, “the town speech” — “the village speech”, “the speech of educated people” — “the speech of village people” reflect the folk classification of idioms. It is determined that Eastern Polissian dialectal speakers, comprehending the dialectal speech, define in general its locality, peculiarity (e.g. га|монитʼ па-с|войему, па-с|войему разга|варʼуйем, тара|торим па-с|войему), mixed character (e.g. |мʼешана |мова, |мова |путана, пе|ремис’) and the language belonging of dialectal words in particular (e.g. гово|ритʼ, кур|сʼіроватʼ, наж|раўсʼа). The negative and positive axiology of dialectal speech is determined, in particular negative estimation is prevalent. Pointing to a mixed type of the dialectal speech — a combination of the Ukrainian, Russian or Belarusian language elements, dialectal speakers identify themselves with the khokhols; also they identify themselves with Ukrainians. Neutral or negative dialectal speakers’ estimations of the name of khokhol are fixed partially. The study outlines vistas of further research into dialectal metatextual utterances.

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