PENGUJIAN KEKERASAN DAN PENGAMATAN FOTO MAKRO AUTOMATIC SURFACE TREATMENT REL DENGAN VARIASI JARAK TORCH PEMANAS DAN NOZZLE PENDINGIN

Harie Boedi

doi:10.37367/jpi.v5i2.158

PENGUJIAN KEKERASAN DAN PENGAMATAN FOTO MAKRO AUTOMATIC SURFACE TREATMENT REL DENGAN VARIASI JARAK TORCH PEMANAS DAN NOZZLE PENDINGIN

Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia ◽

10.37367/jpi.v5i2.158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 46-54

Author(s):

Harie Boedi

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Raw Material

Prototype automatic surface treatment yang spesifikasi di antaranya menggunakan seperangkat las oksi-asetilen, dengan penggerak motor DC 12V/24V, suplai daya accu 12V, serta pompa air 12V masih belum memiliki data teknis tentang peningkatan kekerasan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkomparasi perhitungan nilai kekerasan rel R.54 antara raw material dengan material yang mengalami automatic surface treatment. Pada penelitian ini metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah metode pengujian Brinell. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan variasi jarak antara pemanas dengan pendingin dengan jarak 100mm, 130mm, dan 160mm .Hasil dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan, variasi dengan jarak 160mm mengakibatkan kenaikan nilai kekerasan paling tinggi. Meningkat sebesar 8,9355 BHN, sedangkan pada variasi 130mm sedikit lebih rendah yaitu 8,2581 BHN, serta pada variasi 100mm nilai kekerasannya hanya meningkat sebesar 6,9892 BHN. Dengan hal ini maka lifetime dari rel juga akan meningkat, diasumsikan dengan perhitungan umur rel pada lintas Politeknik Perkeretaapian Indonesia surface treatment dapat meningkatkan umur rel. Kata Kunci: Automatic Surface Treatment, Jarak, Kekerasan, Umur Rel.

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Adhesion Study of Kaolin and White Clay as Source Materials on Non-Metallic Substrate in Geopolymer Coating

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.841.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 841 ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan ◽

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali ◽

Mohammed Binhussain ◽

Kamarudin Hussin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Adhesive Strength ◽

Metallic Substrate ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Source Materials ◽

White Clay

Properties of geopolymer coating on nonmetallic substrates, especially glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GRE) have been considered based on the effect of Si/Al ratio and surface treatment at a determined proportion of solid to liquid (S/L) and curing temperature.Kaolin and white clay have been used as geopolymer raw material in study of adhesive strength in geopolymer coating. Effect Si/Al ratio and surface treatment on adhesive strength has been tested from 0.40-0.60using Elcometer 106 Pull Off. The answer shows that Si/Al ratio and surface treatment were effecting the adhesive strength of geopolymer coating. The highest adhesive strength 6.0 MPa was found ina Si / Al ratio of 3.5 with surface treatment.

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Technological features of ceramic complex of 2nd fourth of I millennium AD of Sosenki settlement in the Ulyanovsk Region

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201763221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 210-216

Author(s):

Anna Valerievna Nikitina

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Ulyanovsk Region ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

Technological Analysis

The following paper deals with typological and technological analyses of the pottery of the Sosenki settlement of the Ulyanovsk region. The author identified 3 morphological groups of vessels among the available material on the basis of external features that are based on vessels shape and surface treatment. Technical-and-technological analysis of ceramics, based on the methods of A.A. Bobrinsky, was carried out for the purpose of determining the characteristics of the initial raw material, traditions of composing the pasts and the character of the calcination of the vessels. The analysis of the preparatory stage of the pottery process confirmed the presence of some differences in the selected groups mainly related to the features of the dimension and calibration of grog in the paste. In conclusion, it is proposed to assign this complex to the Upper Don cultural traditions. However, it is pointed out that a very limited amount of material still requires only the introduction of a scientific use without focusing on cultural interpretations. Settlement dating based on mass material can not be determined smaller than within the C2-D2 phases. The settlement dates back to the pre-Imenkovo period and materials may find later echoes on the sites of Samara Bend.

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POTENSI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAPER ROPES (POTENTIAL OF PAPER AS THE RAW MATERIAL FOR PAPER ROPES)

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v7i02.173 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (02) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Mungki Septian Romas ◽

Ikhwan Pramuaji ◽

Lies Indriati ◽

Sonny Kurnia Wirawan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Paper Surface ◽

Water Barrier ◽

Reduced Water

One of the raw materials furniture common in Indonesia is rattan. Because of the availability of local rattan is very limited so that it is necessary to find alternative raw materials that can be used to substitute the rattan. Paper ropes made from spinning paper, is one of alternative that can be utilized. Paper ropes making from various spinning papers have been studied. Some types of paper were used in this experiment. The spinning papers were characterized and treated to modify its surface properties especially to increase their water resistance. Paper ropes making were done by using the twisting machine and then the physical properties of paper ropes resulted were tested. The results showed that paper surface treatment increased tensile strength, and reduced water absorption and porosity of treated papers. The use of water barrier chemicals and adhesive are effective in increasing water resistance of paper surface. Decreased water absorption and porosity are 20% - 43% and 30% - 98%, respectively. Based on this result, paper ropes is potential to become an alternative raw material for furniture. ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan baku furnitur umum di Indonesia adalah rotan. Karena ketersediaan rotan lokal sangat terbatas sehingga diperlukan untuk mencari bahan baku alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan rotan. Paper ropes yang terbuat dari spinning paper, merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Pembuatan paper ropes dari berbagai jenis spinning paper telah dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Beberapa jenis kertas digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Spinning paper dikarakterisasi dan diperlakukan khusus untuk memodifikasi sifat permukaannya terutama untuk meningkatkan ketahanan airnya. Pembuatan paper ropes dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pemilin dan pengujian sifat fisik paper ropes telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan khusus permukaan kertas meningkatkan kekuatan tarik, dan mengurangi penyerapan air dan porositas. Penggunaan bahan kimia water barrier dan adhesif cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan ketahanan air permukaan kertas. Penurunan penyerapan air dan porositas masing-masing sebesar 20% - 43% dan 30% - 98%. Berdasarkan hasil ini, paper ropes memiliki potensi sebagai bahan bahan baku alternatif untuk furnitur.

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Effect of Surface Treatment and Cutting Orientation to the Changes in Stents Surface Roughness

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.867.125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 867 ◽

pp. 125-133

Author(s):

Achmad Syaifudin ◽

Julendra Bambang Ariatedja ◽

Katsuhiko Sasaki

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Plastic Deformation ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Rolling Direction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Surface Polishing ◽

Longitudinal Orientation ◽

Shape Changes ◽

Effect Of Surface

During the implantation process, an expandable balloon stent undergoes a change in mesh shape with a high strain rate. Permanent mesh shape changes to the stents indicate plastic deformation has occurred. On a micro-scale, plastic deformation has significant influence when interacting with the soft tissue of human blood vessels. This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of surface treatment and cutting orientation on the changes in surface roughness that definitely occurs when a stent deployed. To study the effect of surface treatment, two types of surface treatment were applied after surface polishing, i.e. etching and electropolishing. Surface polishing is carried out to enable microscopic observation. As for examining the effect of cutting orientation, the plate is cut in lateral and longitudinal orientation against the predicted-rolling direction of 316L sheet-type of stainless steel. An intermittent tensile test is conducted to obtain information about the changes in surface roughness. The surface observation is carried out three times on a similar surface of testpiece after reaching plastic deformation. The experimental study shows that the orientation of raw material has an insignificant effect on the changes in stent surface roughness. As for the surface treatments, electropolishing tended to decrease the tensile property of material.

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Mapping the Supply of Colour Tones of Wood and Furniture Products in Slovakian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1775

Author(s):

Mariana Sedliačiková ◽

Mária Moresová ◽

Anna Kocianová

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Wood Products ◽

The Other ◽

Raw Material ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Empirical Survey ◽

Current Trends ◽

Investment Capital

The purpose of the surface treatment of wood products is not only to protect them, but also to make them attractive in relation to the visual aspect through their colour modification. It is therefore important that manufacturers of wood and furniture products pay particular attention to the supply of colour tones of wood. According to colours, wood is divided into groups: red woods (oak, cherry, pine, alder, etc.), brown woods (elm, ash, walnut, etc.), pale woods (hornbeam, spruce, fir, etc.) and green woods (acacia, etc.). The main objective of this paper is to identify the supply of colour tones of wood and furniture products of Slovak micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. An empirical survey was used to map the researched issue in the form of a questionnaire. The results show that Slovak micro, small and medium-sized woodworking and furniture enterprises prefer the quality of wood raw material to its price. At the same time, they mostly manufacture products made of solid wood. Where it is necessary to modify the colour of the wood, enterprises use a process of staining, which enhances the natural colour and grain of the wood. On the other hand, due to the lack of investment capital, they cannot use hydrothermal treatment of wood steaming, which is considered a modern way of modifying the colour tone of the wood. It is essential that Slovak micro, small and medium-sized woodworking and furniture enterprises constantly adapt their production supply in the changing market environment, where they must respond immediately to current trends. In this way, they can sustain and increase their turnover, which will help them overcome the current crisis.

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Gluing Techniques on Bond Performance and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Larix kaempferi

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13050733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 733

Author(s):

Mingyue Li ◽

Shuangbao Zhang ◽

Yingchun Gong ◽

Zhaopeng Tian ◽

Haiqing Ren

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bonding Layer ◽

Larix Kaempferi ◽

Bonding Pressure ◽

Bonding Quality ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Bond Performance ◽

Block Shear ◽

Shear Performance

Previous studies have proved that Larix kaempferi is a good material for preparing cross-laminated timber (CLT), but under bending shear stress, CLT made by Larix kaempferi is prone to the phenomenon of bonding face cracking, which seriously affects the shear performance of CLT. To solve this problem, this paper took Larix kaempferi as raw material, conducted experiments on the surface sanding conditions, gluing pressure and adhesive types of sawing timber, and explored the influence of these three factors on the bonding quality of CLT. The microscopic characteristics of the bonding layer were further studied. The results showed that for Larix kaempferi with a density of 0.68 g/cm3 used in this experiment, a high bonding pressure is required. Among the three cold curing adhesives selected in the experiment, emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) adhesive needs 1.5 MPa bonding pressure to ensure the bonding quality, while for polyurethane (PUR) and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), 1.2 MPa can meet the need of adhesive pressure. This is concerned with the permeability of different adhesives under different pressures. The microscopic results of the bonding layer show that EPI adhesives have poor permeability, so it requires high bonding pressure. The influence of sanding surface of different sand-belt on block shear strength (BSS) and wood failure percentage (WFP) is not obvious, while the durability of bonding layer is better when sanding mesh number is 100. Hence, a high pressure should be used for CLT industrial production when the laminate density is higher, especially when the adhesive has poor permeability. Reasonable sanding surface treatment can be used in laminate surface treatment to improve the durability of CLT.

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Improving the surface hardness number of subsoil plow chisel using water-jet preening

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/dtm.v9i2.280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

S. Sujita

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Raw Material ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Micro Structure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hardness Number ◽

Slip Bands

This study discusses the effects of pressure in waterjet peening (WJP) of subsoil plow chise. It was made from austenitic stainless steel 301 JIS standard S30100. Analysis of surface integrity and change of surface hardness number is used to evaluate the performance of various parameters in the WJP process. The article summarizes information about austenitic stainless steel physically-mechanical of subsoil plow chisel that is most useful for soil tillage. The subsoil chisel was given surface treatment WJP process with a variation of pressure and time. The physical properties of subsoil plow chisel from various pressure and time of WJP are analyzed. The findings of this study indicated that surface treatment with waterjet peening could increase the surface hardness number and the hardening layer fromaustenitic stainless steel 301 (material of subsoil plow chisel).Treats the surface with WJP pressure 250 MPa and time 3 hours results in a higher increase in surface hardness number up to 41% and 151% greater than the raw material respectively. Also, a deeper hardening layer to depth 250 and 500 μm each produced. Next, the cross-sectional micro structure shows the density is higher than the slip band in the defective grain of specimens that have undergone the WJP process at the time and higher pressure. However, the number of slip bands in grain defects decreases with the pressure drop.

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The Effect of Plasma Nitridation on Surface Hardness of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) for Artificial Knee Joint Applications

Journal of Biomedical Science and Bioengineering ◽

10.14710/jbiomes.2021.v1i2.49-53 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

Angga Yunis Prasetya ◽

Darmanto Darmanto ◽

Muhammad Dzulfikar

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Composition ◽

Test Results ◽

Plasma Nitridation ◽

Grade 5

Nitriding has been carried out using plasma nitriding techniques for surface treatment of Titanium as a biomaterial component. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plasma nitriding on surface hardness that occurs in titanium. The material used is Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) Grade 5 which is processed by plasma nitriding by varying nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) gases of (100% N2/0% Ar), (95% N2/5% Ar), (90% N2/10% Ar), (85% N2/15% Ar), (80% N2/20% Ar), and (75% N2/25% Ar), and temperature 400ºC, time 5 hours and a pressure of 1.6 bar. The test results show that the optimum hardness is found in the gas composition with a ratio of 95% N2: 5% Ar. Obtained a hardness of 371 HV/VHN or an increase of 159% of the raw material with hardness value of 143 HV/VHN

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Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.1.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucia Savadori ◽

Eraldo Nicotra ◽

Rino Rumiati ◽

Roberto Tamborini

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Context ◽

Cluster Procedure ◽

Total N ◽

Two Samples ◽

Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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