scholarly journals Manifestation of the Factor of Regional Median Position

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Akberdina ◽  
Alyona S. Sergeeva

The article summarises theoretical approaches to determining the median regions, their place and rolein the territorial structure of the country and its socio-economic development. The basis of the approach proposedis multiple descriptions of a set of attributes, connections, and relationships, a holistic view of the region as arelatively stable part of the socio-economic space. To conduct an empirical study in Russia, 32 regions wereselected, attributed to the category of the median regions by their geographical position. According to theapproach, the list of verifiable median characteristics of the regions includes transit, polystructurality, scale,resource availability, gravity, population concentration, the role in ensuring national security, budget donation,the “pilot” character, the concentration of intellectual potential, low risks, high investment and innovationpotential, high contact with neighbouring territories, and clustering. The results of the study suggest that thecumulative effect of the regional median position has a significant differentiation. Therefore, the authors candistinguish such types of median regions as integrators of the economic space, sustainable median regions, anddeveloping median regions. Based on the topological attributes of median regions, the mission of median regionsis justified. It is substantiated that the factor of the medianness of the region can be of key importance in regionalpolicy only if this resource is used correctly in program activities, regional development strategies and regionalpolicy of the state.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Иванова

Актуальность исследования для экономики усиливается такими явлениями, как влияние мирового финансового кризиса, усложнение отраслевой и территориальной структуры производства, усиление интеграции всех сфер общественной жизни, возрастание значения экологических, социальных и политических факторов развития общества, повышение трансакционных издержек принятия решений в сфере управления. Изучение литературы о территориях дает основание определить понятие региональной системы России как элемент, подсистему некоторой иерархической системы, в роли которой выступает национальная экономика. Процессы глобализации коренным образом изменяют роль регионов в национальной экономике. Регион постепенно становится не только отдельным экономическим агентом, но также вступает в мировые конкурентные процессы. Положение территориально-организованных систем оказывается зависимым не только от макроэкономических условий или возможностей самих регионов, но также от расстановки конкурентных сил, механизмов взаимодействия регионов с другими субъектами. В этой связи возникает необходимость системных исследований с целью выработки комплекса мер, которые будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности экономики в целом, ее регионов в частности. Существующий инструментарий региональной экономики является уже недостаточным для анализа такого рода проблем, а традиционный конкурентный анализ не рассматривает регионы в качестве субъектов конкуренции. Требуется расширение и применение новых теоретических подходов к анализу региональных экономических систем и эффективности их развития, формированию целостной концепции развития территориальной организации хозяйства, что обусловило актуальность данного исследования. The relevance of the study for the economy is enhanced by such phenomena as the impact of the global financial crisis, the complication of the sectoral and territorial structure of production, the strengthening of integration of all spheres of public life, the increasing importance of environmental, social and political factors in the development of society, the increase in transaction costs of decision-making in the field of management. The study of the literature on territories gives grounds to define the concept of the regional system of Russia as an element, a subsystem of some hierarchical system, in the role of which the national economy acts. The processes of globalization are fundamentally changing the role of regions in the national economy. The region is gradually becoming not only a separate economic agent, but also enters into global competitive processes. The position of geographically organized systems turns out to depend not only on the macroeconomic conditions or the capabilities of the regions themselves, but also on the alignment of competitive forces, the mechanisms of interaction of regions with other entities. In this regard, there is a need for systematic research in order to develop a set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, its regions in particular. The existing tools of the regional economy are no longer sufficient to analyze such problems, and traditional competitive analysis does not consider regions as subjects of competition. It requires the expansion and application of new theoretical approaches to the analysis of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of their development, the formation of an integral concept of the development of the territorial organization of the economy, which determined the relevance of this study.


Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirova ◽  
Valentina Panferova ◽  
Olga Smirnova ◽  
Luisa Svitich ◽  
Mikhail Shkondin

The article describes systemic factors of optimization of Russian media landscape in the context of the societys growing intellectual level. This process provides for the best possible intellectual interaction between economic, political, scientific, educational, artistic and other social layers. The authors deal with the criteria of media publicity as combination of informational relations between the participants of this process. Using systemic and synergetic approaches the authors also study an optimal model of informational support of freedom of social creative activities based on interaction of such media realities as public reason, writers and audience communities, editorial boards and other media organizations, and others. In this relation, they analyze how the commentariat is motivated to be on the mission of increasing the societys intellectual level. The authors conclude that the purpose of intellectual interaction in the media landscape is repeat renewal of the societys intellectual potential via social creative activities. This provides the basis for intellectual maturity of each individual, which adds not only to development of intellectual culture of a person and that of various communities, but also to improvement of the current goal setting and achieving system.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Stupniker ◽  
◽  
Valentina Babenko ◽  

Under the influence of globalization and integration of economic processes in the domestic economy, the importance of intellectual resources is growing. Based on its use in economic activities, enterprises and organizations are able to realize their intellectual capital. The main condition for the formation of this special type of capital is the presence of intellectual potential that arises in the process of manifestation of intellectual abilities and professional competencies of the company's staff. The intellectual component is the fundamental basis of the system of relations between science, industry and society. Therefore, educational institutions play an important role in raising the intellectual level of the national economy. The theoretical approaches to determining the economic essence of the intellectual capital of higher education institutions have beem summarized in this article and the main aspects of realizing the intellectual potential of educational and research institutions in Ukraine have been explored. The availability of intellectual capital allows scientific organizations to formalize and implement in the market various forms and types of knowledge: research, skills, experience, competencies, professional skills. The purchase of knowledge allows commercial organizations to significantly increase the level of their technical and technological solutions, develop know-how, to acquire ownership of the right to use knowledge in the form of patents, licenses, franchises. On this basis, the production of new products can be carried out; use of new technologies, new management methods; creation of a trademark; development of new activities; entering new markets. The implementation of the socio-economic policy of the state should be based on the intensification of intellectual activity of higher education institutions, because in market conditions it is the state that should stimulate educational institutions to form intellectual capital. The important role of intellectual capital of higher education institutions is manifested in the fact that it allows them to become intellectual enterprises and significantly affect the national economy by increasing its competitiveness.


E-Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
G. Ryazanova

The transformation of the global economic space at all levels of socio-economic eco-systems has been indicated, which is caused by the digitalization of all spheres of public life. The level of transformation of world civilization is commensurate with the revolution of including new ways of energy supply for industry and people’s life, bright discoveries, that change the space due to the achievements of scientific and technological progress.The role of digitalization in the educational process of higher education in the formation of social skills, high professional competencies of future graduates and their demand in the labormarket has been investigated. Problems of introduction of digital technologies in higher Education institutions, connected with weak preparation of the teaching staff and students in the sphere of use of computer technologies, technical problems and change of the purpose of educational activity have been identified. The results of the introduction of elements of digital technologies in the technological process of teaching students basic disciplines on the example of microeconomics have been revealed empirically. The result of the research is a real improvement in the assimilation of theoretical material using digital technologies, a better understanding of it and the possibility of its application in professional activities.It has been concluded, that it is necessary to include elements of digital technologies in the educational process of higher education, because they provide new opportunities for teachers increasing the interest and involvement of students in the studied disciplines and for students in the implementation of their creative and intellectual potential, obtaining deeper knowledge and skills in demand. For the country, this is an opportunity to get managers and specialists of the future, able to ensure stable economic growth and social development of the nation.


Author(s):  
Victoriia Mykytenko

The triad of value-oriented dominants of development, formation, and practical implementation into the economy, as well as further development in the resource limitations of the five-dimensional spatial system of natural resources assets management system in Ukraine were defined and described. They were disclosed according to three areas of generation of multi-component capacities for rationalization of spatial management, which are delineated according to constitutive and key properties of management of the natural and economic space of the state, its regions, and separate territories. Grouping and delineation were carried out in the directions which: are caused by the structure and target and specific functions of the system; form the capacity of a complex system for self-preservation; characterize the behavioural tactic and strategy of a spatial system for achievement of the objective and resolving the target tasks in the field of rationalization of the state’s natural resources assets management. A set of model solutions was worked out and justified for calculation of the basic indices of its operation, namely: the relative organization of the spatial system architecture, structural and functional organization of its parameters, degree of uncertainty of the condition of a multi-dimensional management system, reliability of its operation as capacities for failure-free operation in various conditions of functioning, capacity of the spatial system and its five subsystems for self-preservation. It was proved and confirmed that building up a new format of a spatial system of natural resources assets management with simultaneous incorporation of the provisions of the systemic, synergetic, structural and informational, and platform theoretical approaches protects rationalization of development and usage of the existing strategic potential of Ukraine and its regions based on the consequences of achievement of sustainable economy with resource limitations, accompanied with constant growth of socio-political threats and risks.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
O. С. Ковтун

This article presents the tendencies of the social development in Ukraine as a socio-territorial system. The demographic trends and tendencies of internal migration in Ukraine are considered from the perspective of the center-peripheral approach. The concept of the peripherization in Ukraine as well as the centralization of human resources is disclosed. As a result of the analysis of these outstanding trends, it was established that the center acts as an exploiter of regional human resources that at the same time creates additional risks of the regional development. The authors determine basic social mechanisms of regions peripherization. These include mainly the demographic degradation of the regions, what is reflected in the population reduction as a consequence of the negative natural population growth and migration which is concentrated around the center (Kyiv) and the semiperiphery (industrial regions). It is revealed that the internal migration movement manifests itself in two main forms: educational migration and labor migration. The educational migration in Ukraine is aimed at a small number of university centers, where the largest is the city of Kyiv. Therefore, despite the negative balance of the educational migration rates in most oblasts, Kyiv accumulates the largest amount of university entrants. It was also established that educational migration has not only quantitative but also a qualitative dimension. This is how the center primarily concentrates the most successful students. All listed causes a significant imbalance in the distribution of the intellectual potential of the country in favor for the center and increases its competitiveness regarding to the regions. The maintenance and the reproduction of this situation is also supported by the system of the scholarships distribution in Ukrainian Institutions of Higher Education. The similar migration trends are also observed in the labor sphere, what creates additional risks for the economic development of the regions. The tendencies for concentration of the national labor and intellectual potential in the center are denoted by the human resources centralization concept where this type of resources becomes the main interest, exploited by the center. As a consequence, we get the transformation of regions into the internal periphery of Ukraine. This process occurs unequally, depending on the basic competitive position of the region and its integration into the general socio-territorial structure. This is especially relevant for areas that are in or close to the military conflict zone. According to the main results of the research, there were outlined the following vectors for scientific elaboration: designing the criteria to escribe territories to the zones of the semi-periphery and periphery; further in-depth studying of peripherization mechanisms; defining ways to overcome the imbalances in the development of Ukraine as a socio-territorial integrity. 


SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Yahia ◽  
Junichi Iijima ◽  
Nermine A Harraz ◽  
Amr B Eltawil

Most of the current simulation models focus on implementation details without grasping the essence of the system, which makes it difficult to understand the core and the stable part of an enterprise. In this paper, we develop a Design and Engineering Methodology for Organization (DEMO)-based simulation model that combines simulation and the enterprise engineering approach in order to achieve a more holistic view of the enterprise. The four-aspect DEMO models are developed for the operating room scheduling problem, which enabled us to understand the business process from different perspectives. To develop the simulation model, an expanded DEMO with implementation model (DEMO++) is applied. The AnyLogic environment is used for execution. The model evaluates the operational performance of the case mix and master surgery plans that were developed in previous studies. The initial results show the simulation potential in the performance improvement of the operating room system. Furthermore, it makes understanding and exploring the system easier.


2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Tran Van ◽  
Denis Ushakov

At the current stage of economic globalization, the leading factor, among several others, is the intensification of regional economic integration. The share of countries participating in this regional integration covers about 60% of the world GDP. In this article we apply statistical analysis along with several theoretical approaches to ground and explain the objectivity of convergence and divergence of the national economic systems within the frameworks of integrational unions. We also analyze the trend of economic space asynchronization inside integrations along with the national and regional factors of ongoing regionalization. Our conclusions concern primarily the supranational instruments of participating economies’levelling.


Author(s):  
S. S. Gutman ◽  
V. V. Kadzaeva

At this stage in the development of the global economic space, the question of studying such measures of influence as sanctions is of great interest. The article is a review of approaches to studying the phenomenon of economic sanctions and is aimed at studying the definition, varieties and essence of these measures. The article considers various interpretations of the concept of “sanction” in the scientific literature. The author has developed a morphological matrix of existing types of sanctions, matrix can be used for the analysis of the implemented measures. The author also studied and presented some of the main ideas of scientists in the field of economic sanctions, their effectiveness, influence on the structure of an economic system and cross-border relationship.Further research on this topic will contribute to the development of an effective strategy for business entities in the context of sanctions regimes.


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