scholarly journals OUTLINE OF THE UAS COUNTERMEASURES SYSTEM FOR THE PROTECTION OF BASE AIRFIELDS OF THE STATE AVIATION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
I. Motiakov ◽  
P. Zelenyi ◽  
V. Tolmachov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Important State

A number of terrorist attacks have occurred worldwide in recent years. Terrorist organizations under the guise of “fighting for human rights”, with limited financial support from other countries, are trying to destabilize the situation in the country. At the same time, various methods of terrorist acts and attacks are used, which have severe economic and political consequences. The possible threat of such terrorist acts on the territory of our country has forced to raise questions about the protection of important state facilities (including base airfields of the State Aviation of Ukraine). In order to counter terrorist acts, which have recently been carried out in most cases with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, which significantly increases the awareness of terrorists about the object in real time and allows making changes to previously planned actions if needed, the authors consider possible technical ways for improving systems of protection for base airfields of the State aviation of Ukraine from actions of terrorist groups with the use of basic types of sUAS. On the basis of characteristics analysis, possible tactics and features of employment of sUAS, existing technical means of detection and defeat, experience on the mentioned issues in other countries, the authors of article offered a variant of construction, a set of means for detection and counteraction (defeat) of sUAS.

scholarly journals The Wane of Command: Evidence on Drone Strikes and Control within Terrorist Organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ANOUK S. RIGTERINK
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates how counterterrorism targeting terrorist leaders affects terrorist attacks. This effect is theoretically ambiguous and depends on whether terrorist groups are modeled as unitary actors or not. The paper exploits a natural experiment provided by strikes by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (drones) “hitting” and “missing” terrorist leaders in Pakistan. Results suggest that terrorist groups increase the number of attacks they commit after a drone “hit” on their leader compared with after a “miss.” This increase is statistically significant for 3 out of 6 months after a hit, when it ranges between 47.7% and 70.3%. Additional analysis of heterogenous effects across groups and leaders, and the impact of drone hits on the type of attack, terrorist group infighting, and splintering, suggest that principal-agent problems—(new) terrorist leaders struggling to control and discipline their operatives—account for these results better than alternative theoretical explanations.

scholarly journals Religion, Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Expediters or Hindrances for Global Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Ghada Awada
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study was to examine the validity of the argument indicating that the religious nature of the terrorist groups accounts for the increase in the violence of terrorist acts today.  The study also intended to explore the relationship between terrorism and religion and to address whether or not there has been interrelatedness between religion and terrorism. Another purpose was to explore the scope of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and to examine how religion was exploited to disseminate terrorism and eradicate global peace and how the possession of WMD could influence global peace. The study employed a meta-analysis of literature which pointed out the significance of religion and the controversy as to whether or not religion triggered terrorist violence. Incidents such as 9/11, the 2005 London underground attack, Paris attack, and 2019 attack in New Zealand were analyzed to serve the purposes of the study.   The findings showed the main triggers and incentives behind the terrorist attacks waged in the name of religion. Overall, the findings of the study emphasized the influence of religion on terrorism, and vice versa. The study rendered conclusions that delved into infamous attacks and recognized terrorism as caused by religion or perceptions fogged by media and stereotypes.

ISLAMIC REVIVAL IN KAZAKHSTAN: STATE POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Ruslan Sarsembayev ◽  
Nurken Aitymbetov ◽  
Seraly Tleubayev ◽  
Zhanat Aldiyarova
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Terrorist Acts

It is widely known that Islamic revival is behind numerous national security threats, religious tension and political challenges. This is confirmed by the fact that practically all terrorist acts are committed by extremist and terrorist groups, which reproduce and execute specific projects of Islamic revival, the Islamic Caliphate being one of the pertinent examples. Fully aware of the threats rooted in the radical and extremist ideas of Islamic revival, the state has no choice but an active and determined opposition. In the 2005-2020, Kazakhstan adopted several normative legal program documents and took certain organizational measures to improve the regulation of the religious situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Many of these laws and organizational measures, however, stirred up heated discussions: the opposition insisted that the state should secularize the society, securitize Islam, etc. Much has been said about the efficiency of opposition to radical and extremist models of Islamic revival. Together, this creates a varied and even contradictory background for the state policy related to Islamic revival and calls for closer attention to the situation unfolding among the Muslims of Kazakhstan. We are already in the third decade of the 21st century, an important stage at which the religious and political environment created by Islamic revival and the relations between the state and confessions should be assessed. In this article, we analyze the state policy in the context of Islamic revival and offer its conceptual analysis as a multifaceted phenomenon. A modernist trend, which often prevails, is developing along with the fundamentalist trend within the framework of the Islamic revival. Accordingly, the authors argue that state policy is not directed against the Islamic revival as such and does not aim for the securitization of Islam or the secularization of society; on the contrary, it seeks to preserve the historically formed recontextualized Islam, which is rooted in the fundamentals of Islam and is simultaneously consistent with modernization and national heritage. In the concluding part of the article the authors touch upon a scholarly discussion of whether state policy of opposing the extremist Islamic revival models is efficient and to which extent. Our discussion and conclusions are supported by sociological data on the religious situation in the Muslim community, obtained through comparison of the religiosity level and the extent of people’s respect for the country’s authorities.

Terrorists as Rebels: Territorial Goals, Oil Resources, and Civil War Onset in Terrorist Campaigns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambuddha Ghatak ◽  
Suveyda Karakaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Target State ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Rich Countries

Abstract Recent studies show terrorist organizations that target only civilians almost always fail to achieve their ultimate objectives. On the contrary, groups that target combatants and civilians have better chances of success. Yet, most terrorist organizations do not directly target the state. When terrorist organizations shift their strategy from purely terrorist acts to confrontation against the target state, we may see a transition from terrorism to civil war. A terrorist organization's decision to engage in civil war largely depends on the organization's ability to alleviate the collective action problem. We argue terrorist groups with a territorial goal and groups operating in oil-rich countries are more likely to engage in civil war. The desire to gain a separate homeland is a powerful motivator to overcome the collective action problem. Terrorist organizations that operate in oil-rich countries are more likely to resort to civil war because oil dependence has the potential to increase grievances, which motivate rebellion, and resources provide a means of financing rebellion, while weakening target state institutions. Our findings confirm the existence of a territorial goal and availability of oil resources trigger transition from terrorism to civil war.

scholarly journals Terrorist Threat in the Former Soviet Union in the Face of ISIL’s Defeat in Iraq and Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-705
Author(s):  
Nuradin U. Khanaliyev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The article attempts to identify how methods, strategies and primary activities of Islamist extremist and terrorist organizations have recently evolved. According to the author, this subject has not received adequate coverage in Russian political science. The author uses ISIL as an example of such groups and seeks to prove his thesis, according to which, after being defeated in Iraq and Syria, the organization was forced to search for areas of refuge in order to survive and carry on its terrorist activities. As was expected, ISIL chose Afghanistan as their hideout territory with the purpose of launching terrorist acts against Russia and the countries of Central Asia. For this purpose, the so-called “Caliphate”, or “Vilayet Khorasan”, was created: a branch of ISIL, which operates on the territories of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, as well as in Central Asia. The article also highlights the similarities between the Central Asian states and the Russian Federation as potential targets of terrorist attacks. After analyzing the main ideological and political guidelines and practical actions of ISIL, as well as several other terrorist groups, the author comes to the conclusion that the organizations in question have been experiencing crisis, but, at the same time, are characterized by vitality, especially with regard to ideology and religious values.

scholarly journals Terrorism and Iraqi National Security 2003-2017: the Socio-Economic and Cultural Losses

Twejer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1032
Author(s):  
Nayar Muhiadeen Hamadamin ◽  
◽  
Othman Ahmed Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Impact

This paper is entitled "Terrorism and Iraqi National Security 2003-2017: the Socio-Economic and Cultural Losses". It discusses the impact of the acts of terrorist groups, especially by Al Qaeda and ISIS on Iraqi national security. Besides, it highlights the impact of terrorist groups on the Iraqi national unity, and socio-cultural sectors of Iraq's society. The findings of our paper show the wide range extent of damages done by the two mentioned terrorist organizations on Iraq's national security, in terms of cost, time, and quality. Besides, the terrorist acts, especially that of ISIS, had a profound effect on Iraq's peace, stability, and had disrupted the social cohesion of Iraqi society. Keywords: ISIS, Al-Qaeda, National Security, Culture, and Iraqi Society

SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS OF TERRORIST GROUPS EXISTENCE IN ISLAMIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Political Principles

The question about socio-political conditions in Islamic states, which may affect the activities of terrorist organizations is considered. The countries of the Middle East are most often faced with terrorist activity. The population of these countries may be ethnically diverse or homogeneous, but the overwhelming majority professes Islam - a religion that has spiritual, legal and socio-political principles, offers an alternative approach to the foundations of the state system and the principles of its functioning. Islamism as a political trend has its supporters among both moderate and radical social groups in these countries. The ruling elites of some countries proclaims Islam the state religion with the appropriate preferences for it. However, Islamic states no less, and sometimes more than other countries in these regions, suffer from the activities of terrorist groups. A number of socio-political characteristics that take place in Islamic states is highlighted, and their possible connection with the emergence and further activities of terrorist groups in any direction (from collecting information and recruiting local people to preparing and conducting a terrorist attack) is considered. Attention is paid to the relationship between the stability of the political system in Islamic states and their controllability of the territory within their own borders with the presence and type of the activities of terrorist organizations. The mutual importance of the problems of security, education, living conditions and features of the political regime in the issue of the risk of the emergence and further existence of terrorist groups in the Islamic state is accented. The necessity of a complex of factors for the existence of a terrorist group is emphasized. It is noted that this complex is different for the constant or short-term activities of terrorists. The deterioration of the situation regarding the existence and activities of terrorists in the country is the greater, the more threatening factors appear, the less important will be the features of the political regime. The priority of individual factors in the presence of various situations is established type.

Understanding Suicide Terrorism

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
A. Speckhard
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Suicide Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrorist Groups

SummaryAs a terror tactic, suicide terrorism is one of the most lethal as it relies on a human being to deliver and detonate the device. Suicide terrorism is not confined to a single region or religion. On the contrary, it has a global appeal, and in countries such as Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan it has come to represent an almost daily reality as it has become the weapon of choice for some of the most dreaded terrorist organizations in the world, such as ISIS and al-Qaeda. Drawing on over two decades of extensive field research in five distinct world regions, specifically the Middle East, Western Europe, North America, Russia, and the Balkans, the author discusses the origins of modern day suicide terrorism, motivational factors behind suicide terrorism, its global migration, and its appeal to modern-day terrorist groups to embrace it as a tactic.

Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Machniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Political Economic

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.

Establishing knowledge-based and digital cooperation between small and medium-sized businesses, science and the State through a cluster approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2110
Author(s):  
A.V. Ivanchenko ◽  
E.S. Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
The State ◽  
Sverdlovsk Oblast ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Cluster Network ◽  
Digital Development

Subject. This article discusses the issues of innovative and digital development of the economy. Objectives. The article aims to justify the benefits of cluster cooperation and networking between different structures. Methods. For the study, we used systems, logical, structural, and comparative analyses, generalization and statistical methods, and the cluster-network and institutional approaches. Results. The article substantiates the role and position of small business in the innovation development of the Sverdlovsk Oblast and identifies trends of innovation and digital advancement. Conclusions. The cluster theory, supplemented with the Triple Helix concept, can be a basis for rationale for effective ways of integrating economic agents. Small innovative business has significant potential for sustainability, but it needs additional financial support from the State.

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