Energy Decarbonisation and Primary Energy in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Vladislav Brkić
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

This paper emphasizes the role of primary sources of energy, primarily oil and gas in the future (so-called “energy mix”) with the expected trends in the future. The changes expected by the oil and gas sector in the 21st century have been underlined due to energy decarbonisation. There are intense discussions about the oil and gas future due to the effects of climate change and the announcement that oil is in the final phase of exploitation due to the high depletion of fields around the world. How are the big oil companies responding to these challenges and what are the trends of global energy consumption? In the 21st century, it is necessary to take in account all types of energy with the growth of renewable sources. In the meantime, natural gas is imposed as a bridge between fossil and decarbonised energy, and the trends in the gas segment in the world and in the Republic of Croatia will be emphasized as well. In addition, the new Croatian energy strategy must be aligned with changes in the oil and gas sector, as well as exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Carbon-free energy is still a long way, but the low-carbon energy period has begun.

scholarly journals Global Oil & Gas Corporations in the Race for Technological Superiority

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
A. Bereznoi
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The World

Received 16.12.2020. The article explores the key trends in R&D and innovation activities of the world’s largest oil&gas companies through the lens of dynamic shifts taking place in the competitive landscape of the global energy sector. The first area, where the author sees significant changes, relates to the appearance of the new powerful players in the technological domain of the world oil and gas industry. He draws attention to the growing roles of national oil companies and multinational oilfield service firms as increasingly important investors in R&D and innovations. These developments are analyzed in the context of the overall competitive positioning of Western-based supermajors whose technological dominance in the industry has never seriously been challenged before. Another significant change, noticed by the author, relates to the new technological priorities set by the world’s largest oil&gas companies for the foreseeable future. Two major sets of technologies are becoming increasingly important as strategic areas for investment by the industry giants. One of them, low-carbon technologies, reflects the dramatic evolution of the “Big Oil” attitude to the Energy transition. In contrast to a largely negativist (or at best ‘window-dressing’) approach to climate agenda, visible just a decade ago, most oil&gas giants have recently adopted individual low-carbon strategies driven to a large extent by the significantly increased pressure from the powerful institutional investors and the growing influence of the negative public opinion. The second top technological priority relates to the changing digital agenda in the oil and gas industry. It reflects the transition of the industry leaders to the next generation digital technologies (including internet of things, artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics) but most importantly to a systemic approach in digital transformation contrasting with traditional “piecemeal” IT projects with limited operations coverage. The changing innovation management mechanisms are also considered by the author as one of the key trends in technological domain of the world oil and gas industry. Specific focus is devoted to the formation of the corporate innovation ecosystems, including various R&D and innovation collaborations with different innovation actors (business partners, professional research centers, universities and governments organizations) and the connected vast spread of open innovation-based instruments working within these alliances. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.

scholarly journals The irrationality of Petrobras’ divestments in refining

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio Garcia Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme Jonas Costa da Silva ◽  
Francielly De Fátima Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Oil Company

<p>Petrobras is a Brazilian state-owned company that is one of the largest oil companies in the world. It is internationally recognizedfor being a company at the technological frontier in the segment of exploration and production (E&amp;P) of oil and gas in deepwaters. Also, Petrobras is the publicly traded oil company with the largestproduction of hydrocarbons in the world. This paper aims to investigate the strategies Petrobras currently adopts in refining based on an econometric analysis of panel data. The article is apioneer in the sense of empirically demonstrating that Petrobras consolidated its position in E&amp;P while advancing in the aggregation of value in the refining sector. We can see that income elasticity are less than 1 (about 0.6%). Thisis positive and significant, but the smaller sensitivity than unity demonstrates that the country has broken the barrier to entry into the export sector of oil products.Thus, based on econometric estimates, it is believed that there is a great misunderstanding in the strategy of divestitures and downsizing in the segment of refining.</p>

The Meanings of Life and Value Priorities of the Post-Soviet Society in the Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the meanings of life and value priorities of the post- Soviet society. The author argues that, at present, there are symptoms of a global ideological crisis in the world, that the West does not have its own vision of where and how to move on and has no understanding of the future. Unfortunately, most of the post-Soviet countries do not have such vision as well. In these conditions, there are mistrust, confusion, paradoxical manifestation of human consciousness. The main meanings that determine our life-world are: the desire of citizens for social justice and social security, the desire to figure out and understand the basic values of modern society, how honestly and equally the authorities act toward their fellow citizens, and to what extent they reflect their interests. The meanings of life, which are the answers to the challenges of the time, are embodied in the cultural code of each nation, state. The growth points of new values, which will become the basis for the future sustainable development of a new civilization, have yet to be discovered in the systemic transformative changes of the culture. In this process, the emergence of a new system of values that governs human life is inevitable. However, modern technology brings new troubles to humans. It has provided wide opportunities for informational violence and public consciousness manipulation. Nowadays, the scenario that is implemented in Western consumer societies claims to be the dominant scenario. Meanwhile, today there is no country in the world that is a role model, there is no ideal that others would like to borrow. Most post-Soviet states failed to advance their societies to more decent levels of economic development, to meet the challenges of the modern information age, and to provide the population with new high living standards. Therefore, in conditions of growing confrontation, we should realistically understand the world and be ready to implement changes that will ensure sustainable development of the state and society without losing our national identity.

Trends and Prospects of Development of the Oil and Gas Sector in the Context of Digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Kazanin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The modern oil and gas industry is heavily dependent on the processes and trends driven by the accelerating digitalization of the economy. Thus, the digitalization of the oil and gas sector has become Russia’s top priority, which involves a technological and structural transformation of all production processes and stages.Aim. The presented study aims to identify the major trends and prospects of development of the Russian oil and gas sector in the context of its digitalization and formation of the digital economy.Tasks. The authors analyze the major trends in the development of the oil and gas industry at a global scale and in Russia with allowance for the prospects of accelerated exploration of the Arctic; determine the best practices of implementation of digital technologies by oil and gas companies as well as the prospects and obstacles for the subsequent transfer of digital technologies to the Russian oil and gas industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and scientific generalization.Results. Arctic hydrocarbons will become increasingly important to Russia in the long term, and their exploration and production will require the implementation of innovative technologies. Priority directions for the development of many oil and gas producers will include active application of digital technologies as a whole (different types of robots that could replace people in performing complex procedures), processing and analysis of big data using artificial intelligence to optimize processes, particularly in the field of exploration and production, processing and transportation. Digitalization of the oil and gas sector is a powerful factor in the improvement of the efficiency of the Russian economy. However, Russian companies are notably lagging behind in this field of innovative development and there are problems and high risks that need to be overcome to realize its potential for business and society.Conclusions. Given the strategic importance of the oil and gas industry for Russia, its sustainable development and national security, it is recommendable to focus on the development and implementation of digital technologies. This is crucial for the digitalization of long-term projection and strategic planning, assessment of the role and place of Russia and its largest energy companies in the global market with allowance for a maximum number of different internal and external factors.

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

Law Librarianship and Legal Information Provision in the 21st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this analysis of the future of our profession, Barbara Tearle starts by looking at the past to see how much the world of legal information has evolved and changed. She considers the nature of the profession today and then identifies key factors which she believes will be of importance in the future, including the impact of globalisation; the potential changes to the legal profession; technology; developments in legal education; increasing commercialisation and changes to the law itself.

Primary Energy System Chain Security Under the Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamah Alsayegh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Security ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper examines the energy transition consequences on the oil and gas energy system chain as it propagates from net importing through the transit to the net exporting countries (or regions). The fundamental energy system security concerns of importing, transit, and exporting regions are analyzed under the low carbon energy transition dynamics. The analysis is evidence-based on diversification of energy sources, energy supply and demand evolution, and energy demand management development. The analysis results imply that the energy system is going through technological and logistical reallocation of primary energy. The manifestation of such reallocation includes an increase in electrification, the rise of energy carrier options, and clean technologies. Under healthy and normal global economic growth, the reallocation mentioned above would have a mild effect on curbing the oil and gas primary energy demands growth. A case study concerning electric vehicles, which is part of the energy transition aspect, is presented to assess its impact on the energy system, precisely on the fossil fuel demand. Results show that electric vehicles are indirectly fueled, mainly from fossil-fired power stations through electric grids. Moreover, oil byproducts use in the electric vehicle industry confirms the reallocation of the energy system components' roles. The paper's contribution to the literature is the portrayal of the energy system security state under the low carbon energy transition. The significance of this representation is to shed light on the concerns of the net exporting, transit, and net importing regions under such evolution. Subsequently, it facilitates the development of measures toward mitigating world tensions and conflicts, enhancing the global socio-economic wellbeing, and preventing corruption.

scholarly journals Islamophobia The New Dimensions In 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rani Erum
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Present State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Effects

Anti-Muslim emotions are not new for the world. It was present since the rise of Islam. West was furious after facing Muslims in battle ground and constantly defeated by those who were less equipped but obtained high morals. Initially they were frightened due to the novelty and unique approach of faith and its execution, therefore, they try to fabricate the original manuscripts, making false stories and molesting the last prophet’s life history. Islamophobia transformed after 9/11 and become more intensified and dangerous. It effected the common men worldwide without any boundaries. The respective research is based on the fact that hatred is the negative notion whether it related with nobility or wicked perception. It creates harmful effects on human psychology which subsequently created abusive mindset and actions. When any form of ideology identified as phobia means uncontrolled envy combine with the concept and turn it into a form of frenzied connotation. The fight between East and West was ancient which now convert among religions particularly Islam and others. The research is intend to provide the journey of anti-Islamism from past to present as well its significant elements and its present state. It also discusses the future prospects of clash of religions.  

scholarly journals Impact of changes in economic pressures on the activities of foreign oil and gas companies in Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-323
Author(s):  
Elmira A. Chadaeva ◽  
Elvis Ojeda Kalluni
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Exxon Mobil ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The article discusses several new laws in the oil and gas sector of Venezuela, which appeared at the beginning of the 21st century. It also presents the tax regimes in this area of the country and the types of tax and economic burdens that apply to these regimes; highlights the main problematic aspects of changes in tax legislation and the consequences on the activities of foreign companies and the development of the oil and gas sector of the country as a result of such changes. It is concluded that the increase in state revenues not solve the problem of attracting investments in the oil and gas sector of the country, and only scare off a large company in the future (Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips have left the Venezuelan market), resulting in a fall in production at the country, its government revenues, and then slowing down economic growth in the country. As an alternative approach to improving state regulation and the conduct of the oil business in the country, the options for improving this situation are presented: to increase the share of foreign companies in strategic partnerships; review the tax system for oil companies; allow some programs to be implemented directly by foreign companies; and propose new distribution and profitability schemes that will adapt to the current international hydrocarbon market.

scholarly journals Analisis Curse Theory pada Sumber Daya Alam Migas Bagi Warga Madura

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hidayaturrahman
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Government policies in natural resource management, especially in the oil and gas sector face a lot of problems. However, the government also has a responsibility to improve the life of people affected from oil and gas exploration and production activities. This research was aimed at investigating how the implementation of policies run by the central and local government toward the oil and gas management and community empowerment, especially the community located closely  to oil and gas exploration and production activity in Madura, East Java. This research method is phenomenological research using descriptive qualitative approach. Therefore, this study is conducted through direct observation on the object during the research time. The data collection is done through observation and interview. The results of this study revealed that it is needed an integrated step done by the government, vertically, whether central, provincial, district, and village to synchronize oil and gas management and community empowerment programs. By doing so, the ideas and desires to improve the welfare and increase the state income will be realized, especially in focusing corporate and government programs improving citizen’ economic and education, whose area becomes the location of oil and gas production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document