scholarly journals Protective effect of Majoon Muṣaffī-i-Khūn (MMK) in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia in male Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Rukhsar Basheer ◽  
Nasreen Jahan ◽  
Jamil Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Aim of the study: To evaluate the efficacy of Majoon Muṣaffī-i-Khūn (MMK) in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia in male Sprague Dawley rats. Material and Methods: Thrombocytopenia was induced by administration of Cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg, 3 days, SC). Simultaneously, the animals were treated with MMK (300 and 600 mg/kg) orally and continued for three weeks. After completion of treatment, blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture and analyzed for WBC, RBC, Hb, and platelet counts, with bleeding and clotting time. MMK insignificantly increased the platelets, WBC, RBC, and Hb with a significant decreased in bleeding (p<0.001; p<0.05) and clotting times (P<0.01, P<0.001) which was altered by cyclophosphamide. Results: The results demonstrated that MMK improved platelet counts, clotting, and bleeding time as well as restored the altered level of WBC, RBC, and Hb. Conclusion: Based on the above results it can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of MMK may have the potential to normalize the blood composition effectively.

Curcumin Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves the Impairments of Anesthetics on Learning and Memory by Regulating the Expression of miR-181a-5p

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guizhen Liu ◽  
Yuchuan Sun ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to explore the role of curcumin (Cur) in isoflurane (ISO)-induced learning and memory dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats and further elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect produced by Cur. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rat models of cognitive impairment were established by inhaling 3% ISO. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of rats. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression levels of miR-181a-5p, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cur significantly improved the ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and alleviated the ISO-induced neuroinflammation. miR-181a-5p was overexpressed in ISO-induced rats, while Cur treatment significantly reduced the expression of miR-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p promoted the cognitive impairment and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the neuroprotective effect of Cur. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cur has a protective effect on ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of miR-181a-5p.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of TRPC6 Inactivation on Glomerulosclerosis and Renal Fibrosis in Aging Rats

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Stuart E. Dryer
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Transient Receptor

Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients and animal models, as well as in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. Aging also evokes declines in renal function owing to effects on almost every renal compartment in humans and rodents. Here, we have examined the role of TRPC6 in driving inflammation and fibrosis during aging in Sprague-Dawley rats. This was assessed in rats with non-functional TRPC6 channels owing to CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of a portion of the ankyrin repeat domain required for the assembly of functional TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats). Wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats) were used as controls. Animals were evaluated at 2 months and 12 months of age. There was no sign of kidney disease at 2 months of age, regardless of genotype. However, by 12 months of age, all rats examined showed declines in renal function associated with albuminuria, azotemia and increased urine excretion of β2–microglobulin, a marker for proximal tubule pathology. These changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. We also observed age-related increases in renal cortical expression of markers of fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin) and inflammation (NLRP3 and pro-IL−1β), and there was no detectable protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis assessed from histology also appeared equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. By contrast, glomerular pathology, blindly scored from histological sections, suggested a significant protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation, but only within the glomerular compartment.

Plasma Cocaine Metabolite and Liver CYP450 3A4 Isoenzyme Levels as Indicators of Cocaine Dependence in Rats Treated with Nutritional Supplements

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natwaine Sherune Gardner ◽  
Kedon JS Luke ◽  
Andrew O. Wheatley ◽  
Winston G. De La Haye ◽  
Perceval Bahado-Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Cytochrome P450 3A4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasma Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Chronic Cocaine ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Metabolite

The effects that chronic cocaine administration (CCA) have on craving, cocaine metabolite concentrations and cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme (CYP450 3A4) activities in Sprague-Dawley rats following the administration of Salako Nutritional Supplements (SNS) were examined. Five groups of fifty rats were used to assess the effect of the SNS following CCA. Craving was analyzed for each rat using a Conditioned Place Preference protocol. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals and used to measure cocaine plasma metabolite levels. CYP450 3A4 activity was determined in the liver. Administration of the SNS reduced craving of cocaine significantly, upon discontinuing cocaine in the rats. Blood plasma analysis showing higher benzoylecgonine equilibrium and the CYP450 3A4 levels demonstrated that the SNS possibly aided in the removal of the stored metabolites indicative of increased metabolism of cocaine, enhanced by the Supplements. Results indicate that the SNS formulation reduces craving caused by CCA by increasing the liver CYP450 3A4 activity, resulting in better plasma clearance.

scholarly journals Arum conophalloides Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Amin Derakhshanfar ◽  
Javad Moayedi ◽  
Mahjoob Vahedi ◽  
Abouzar Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Potential Hepatotoxicity

Background: Arum conophalloides (A. conophalloides) is a wild edible delicate plant, widely used in traditional medicine. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of A. conophalloides extracts on biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the rat. Methods: Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (10 each) as follows: G1 or control, received distilled water; G2 and G3, treated with the aqueous extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg; G4 and G5, treated with the hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Prior to and at the end of the experiments, the serum levels of biochemistry parameters and the relative expression of miR-122 were assessed. Moreover, the liver and kidney tissues were examined microscopically. Results: Liver and kidney tissues showed normal structure in all groups. There were no significant changes in biochemical indices or the expression of miR-122 in the extract-treated groups at the dose of 200 mg/kg. However, the group that received the aqueous extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significantly lower level of HDL, LDL, ALT, and ALP in comparison to the control. Additionally, miR-122 expression in this group exhibited a 10-fold increase (P=0.009). Conclusion: The serum level of hepatocyte-specific miR-122 will be more helpful in detecting hepatic changes in early stages than ALT and AST activity or histopathological evaluations of liver sections. Our findings highlight the potential hepatotoxicity of A. conophalloides aqueous extract in a rat model.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Yi Shen Juan Bi Pill in Arthritic Rats with Castration-Induced Kidney Deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xiaojuan He ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Cheng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism ◽  
Kidney Deficiency ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lipid Metabolites

Androgens have been linked to the onset, severity, and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the most common pattern in RA is kidney deficiency, which partly corresponds to a low sex hormone state. In this study, TCM kidney deficiency was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with castration surgery, and a TCM preparation, Yi Shen Juan Bi Pill (YJB), was used to treat collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats with castration. Metabolomic technique was used to evaluate the pharmacological mechanism in castrated CIA rats treated by YJB. The results showed that castration significantly increased the severity of the arthritis in rats but was ameliorated by YJB. Its pharmacological mechanism was partially associated with lipid metabolites involving free fatty acid (FFA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).In conclusion, the experimental results demonstrate the protective effect of YJB on the TCM kidney deficiency pattern induced by androgen deficiency in CIA rats and support that YJB should be used for the clinical treatment of RA with TCM kidney deficiency pattern.

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