scholarly journals Reading Cultural Heritage of Beşiktaş Through Society, Memory and Identity of the Place

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Aydın ◽  
◽  
Berna Dikçınar Sel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

The constant change of the meaning of the physical environment for the individual and society during the experience of space in daily life detract the spatial perception from cultural values. The formation of valuable / important perception regarding the physical space elements that are disconnected from the interaction of space, society and culture causes place attachment status to change and negatively affects the preservation of cultural heritage values. In other words, it increases the problem of preserving cultural heritage values by losing the meaning of cultural values that are a part of the physical environment in the relationship between space and society. In this context, in Beşiktaş, which has been settled for many years and has traces of different cultures, as a result of the differentiation of the relationship between the space and the individual due to technological and economic developments, the interaction with cultural values is gradually decreasing during the experience of space. In this study, using the questionnaire method, the status of place attachment is examined through interviews with daily users of Beşiktaş by using open-ended and 5-likert scale questions. The aim of the research is to analyze the cultural heritage values in the context of the relationship between society and space in Besiktas.

History and Systems of Critical Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Teo
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Critical Psychology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The Relationship

Critical psychology comprises a broad range of international approaches centered around theories and practices of critique, power, resistance, and alternatives of practice. Although critical psychology had an axial age in and around the 1970s, many sources can be found decades and even centuries earlier. Critical psychology is not only about the critique of psychology, which is a broader historical and theoretical field, but about doing justice in and through theory, justice with and to groups of people, and justice to the reality of society, history, and culture as they powerfully constitute subjectivity, as well as the discipline and profession of psychology. Doing justice in and through psychological theory has a strong basis in Western critical approaches, representing a privileged position of reflection in Euro-American research institutions. Critical psychologists argue that traditional psychology is missing its subject matter and hence is not doing justice in methodology, and its practices of control and adjustment are not doing justice to the emancipatory possibilities of human agency or human science. Critical psychologists who are attempting to do justice with and to human beings are not neglecting the onto-epistemic-ethical domain, but are instead focusing on people, often marginalized or oppressed groups. Critical psychologists who want to do justice in history, culture, and society have argued that traditional psychological practice means adaption and adjustment. This means that not only subjectivity, but also the discipline and profession of psychology need to be connected with contexts. Psychologists have attempted to conceptualize the relationship between society and the individual, as well as the ability of humans not only to adapt to an environment but to change their living conditions and transform the status quo. This conceptualization also means providing concrete analyses of how current society, based in neoliberal capitalism, not only impacts individuals but also the discipline of psychology. Despite the complexities of critical psychology around the world, critical psychologists emphasize the importance of reflexivity and praxis when it comes to changing the conditions of social reality that create mental life. Given that subjectivity cannot be limited to intra-psychological processes, critical psychologists attend to relational and structural societal realities, requiring inter- and transdisciplinarity in the discipline and profession.

Does job position moderate the relationship between gender and ethics?: a cross-cultural analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Position

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gender and ethics, the interaction of job position and gender on ethics, and the three-way interacting effects of cultural values, job position, and gender on ethics. Design/methodology/approach – The individual-level data were from the 2005-2008 wave of World Values Survey data set and the cultural values were from the GLOBE study. The research contained 26,639 subjects from 30 nations and used HLM to conduct data analysis. Findings – Results showed that men are more likely than women to justify ethically suspect behaviors. In addition, under high in-group collectivism, the ethical difference between genders tends to decrease at high job positions and under high performance orientation, the ethical difference between genders tends to increase at high job positions. Research limitations/implications – This research depends on secondary data; it is therefore impossible for the author to control the data collection process, which could be an issue for discussion. In addition, because of limited available studies to refer to, the formation of the individual-level moderator, job position, might cause some attention. Practical implications – Corporate education and training in regards to ethical issues becomes even more vital, especially for men, since the statistical results showed that men are more likely than women to be deviant. Meanwhile, organizations can help themselves by recruiting a greater number of females, as this study shows that females are seen to make more ethically sound decisions than males. Furthermore, under the contexts of high in-group collectivism and low performance orientation, both genders in higher job positions tend to be more unethical than people in lower positions. Since people in higher positions have the right and the power to set the ethical tone for the organization (Clinard, 1983; Posner and Schmidt, 1992), it becomes particularly essential for firms to pay close attention to ethical issues in higher job positions. Originality/value – The study proved that the relationship between gender and ethics is more complicated than expected; job position, and cultural values can jointly influence the individual-level relationship. In addition, since human behavior is complicated, employing multilevel method to investigate humane behaviors in the field of management becomes necessary in the future.

scholarly journals Cultural Determinants of Creative Activity: The Problem of Freedom and Determinacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Е.В. Яковлева ◽  
Н.В. Исакова
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultural Conditioning ◽  
Language Of Music ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Рассмотрена культурная определенность творческой деятельности в аспекте отношения между творчеством как созданием чего-то принципиально нового и воспроизводством культуры, основанным на экспликации заложенных в нее смыслов. Материалами послужили результаты исследований философов и культурологов, изучавших проблемы социокультурной обусловленности творчества. Проводится аналитическое рассмотрение основных концепций, связанных с трактовкой творчества, изучены подходы к определению творческого статуса отдельных продуктов культуры, затронуты проблемы соотношения содержания и формы в творческой деятельности, охарактеризованы современные условия ее осуществления. Выделены варианты творческой деятельности по критерию характера выражаемых смыслов. Сделан вывод, что в настоящее время присутствуют социальные и технологические предпосылки как для множественной проработки уже известных мейнстримовых направлений, так и для формирования уникальных по форме и содержанию смысловых конструкций. The main problem of the study is to identify the relationship between the individual and culturally predetermined aspects of creative activity with the subsequent extension of the findings to the modern sociocultural situation. The sources were materials and research results of philosophers and culturologists studying the problem of the sociocultural conditioning of creativity. The authors proceed from a methodological premise that implies that, in the creative sphere, there are mechanisms for the “elaboration” of individual ideas, similar in their principles to the development of paradigms in the meaning that Thomas Kuhn attached to this term. The authors ask themselves the question of what the status of creativity is in modern research thought and determine the general points that are characteristic of almost all philosophical systems when considering creativity. The contradictions inherent in the problem of the cultural conditioning of creativity are analyzed. On the one hand, creativity is conditioned by the influence of culture and its development; on the other, it is the product of the free activity of an individual. The authors argue that a simple explication of culture is impossible, but one cannot reject the presence of direct objective factors that, to one degree or another, affect the creative process. Trying to determine the degree of conditionality of the creative process, the authors turn to the analysis of musical notation as a universal language of music. The conclusion is made about the limited (albeit calculated in huge numbers) options for expressing sound combinations. At the same time, this limitation acts simultaneously as determinacy, the so-called “field for maneuver”. Abstracting from this observation, the authors argue that the novelty of creative activity is not absolute: when faced with its product, we observe “the unknown in the known”. It is this aspect that determines the connection between creative individuals when they are forming cultural heritage. Four variants of creative activity are distinguished according to the criterion of the nature of the meanings expressed and the means used for this. The authors argue that the degree of variability of creative activity largely depends on how much society considers it permissible to introduce something new into the existing. They conclude that at present there are social and technological prerequisites both for the multiple elaboration of already known, mainstream areas and for the formation of semantic structures that are unique in their form and content.

scholarly journals The relationship between the physical environment and learning: A blind spot in New Zealand early childhood education discourse?

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Pairman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Learning

Although the design, layout and space in ECE environments influences children’s learning, New Zealand’s minimum standards for physical space compare poorly with other OECD countries and there is a paucity of NZ research in this area. This paper argues that the relationship between physical environments and learning is a ‘blind spot’ in NZ ECE discourse. In identifying why this blind spot may have occurred, aspects of the ECE sector’s history are described. In particular it is argued that the sector's status as the ‘cinderella’ of the education system has led to political struggle for government recognition, improved qualifications, adult:child ratios, and funding, and that these issues have necessarily dominated ECE sector discourse. In addition it is argued that historical disparities within the sector have meant that concerns about physical space are not necessarily shared across the sector. In describing why the relationship between physical environments and learning should be of growing concern, this paper argues that bulk funding and minimum standards for physical space, rather than pedagogy, appear to be influencing the design of ECE physical environments, particularly in corporate ECE which is the fastest growing part of the sector. The paper ends by challenging the government and the ECE sector to redress the lack of attention paid to the impact of the physical environment on children’s learning.

scholarly journals From Religious Belief to Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism: A Case Study of Mazu Belief

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4229
Author(s):  
Dan Yao ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Rob Law ◽  
Mu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
The Relationship

Mazu belief was recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as the Intangible cultural heritage of Humanity in 2009, which is China’s first world-class folklore intangible cultural heritage. More than 5000 Mazu temples and 200 million tourists who believe in Mazu can be found worldwide. The aim of the study was to take Meizhou Island as a case study to understand the relationships among tourists’ perceived value, place attachment, and revisit intention. In total, 424 tourists in Meizhou Island were surveyed and structural equation modeling was performed to test such relationships. Results show that tourists’ perceived value has a significant positive impact on place attachment (p < 0.05), which in turn has a significant positive impact on revisit intention (p < 0.05). The results of bootstrap test show that the confidence intervals are (0.001, 0.328), (0.147, 0.425), (0.058, 0.396), (0.092, 0.408), respectively, which do not contain 0. Therefore, place attachment acts as a complete intermediary in the relationship between tourism resources and service value, social value, cost value, and revisit intention. The confidence interval of the direct effect of cultural value and revisit intention is (0.193, 0.501), which does not contain 0, indicating that place attachment acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between cultural value and revisit intention. Findings of this study would be of use to readers of cultural tourism.

Marriage

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-116
Author(s):  
Sanford N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Business Association ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Marriage Formation ◽  
Individual Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the establishment of formal marriage, including same-sex marriage, and the legal issues involved in maintaining that relationship. While in the past the marital relationship was wholly defined by the state, now certain aspects of the relationship can be negotiated by the parties, which may result in a more egalitarian relationship. Also, by including the marriage within the world of contract, one effect is to move the status away from its religious roots and aspects and toward its being a secular relationship. The benefit of treating marriage as a special kind of partnership contract is that it emphasizes the individual nature of the relationship and downplays its community aspects. Indeed, the modern marriage is more like an association, in some situations a business association, of two adults who have preserved their individual rights. The chapter then considers freedom to marry as a fundamental right and looks at how states have limited marriage formation throughout history.

scholarly journals African Personhood, Humanism, and Critical Sankofaism: The Case of Male Suicide in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Camillia Kong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intimate Link ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Progressive Potential

AbstractSuicide in Ghana is criminalised and those who survive suicide attempts are subject to significant social condemnation. Paradoxically, studies show that male suicide is often driven by individuals’ strong sense of responsibility to meet social norms and expectations around gender as well as the internalisation of societal views that death would be preferable to shame and disgrace. This contradiction prompts a critical re-examination of the communitarian tradition of African personhood which posits an intimate link between the individual attainment of socially affirmed roles and the status of personhood. Through an analysis of the Akan concept of critical sankofaism I suggest that African approaches to suicide may draw upon important adaptive, critical resources internal to African cultural values, thus highlighting the progressive potential of the African tradition. I show specifically how male gender norms and societal responses to suicide attempts distort core humanistic values at the heart of African communitarian personhood.

scholarly journals Free independent tourism as a tool of personal inculturation

Servis plus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Рябова ◽  
Tatyana Ryabova ◽  
Елена Эртман ◽  
Elena Ertman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Empiric Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Individual Human

This article is dedicated to the free independent tourism as an effective tool of personal inculturation that considers being facultative learning of domestic culture and other cultures’ values. An accumulation and translation of personal ideas about the society, historical events, and cultural heritage takes place during an inculturation. In the same time, the culture in all variety of forms of its expression is one of basic elements of traveler’s interest and the dominating idea of tourists’ activity. Free independent tourism as a kind of social and cultural activity reflecting the individual human interests, including the interests of learning the domestic and world cultural values, and ensures the process of personal inculturation. The main social and cultural functions of independent tourism, that permit to realize the key aspects of inculturation, are defined in this article. The specific features of realization of these functions in different kinds of independent tourism are also showed. During empiric research, which results are presented in this article, the demographic characteristics of independent tourism are revealed. The structure of tourists’ motivation in organized independent trips is defined; the complex of social and cultural demands of independent tourists and the grade of their participation during inculturation are investigated. The empiric data permit to conclude that the inculturation which is ensured with different kind of human participation in the different forms and kinds of social and cultural activity is rather well realized through independent tourism. Free independent tourism which is being actually dynamically developed, ensures the following aspects of inculturation, such as the continuous education in its facultative forms; learning of variety of cultural heritage interpretations; the realization of all spectrum of leisure’s demands (including cognitive, creative, communicative and others) by the independent tourists, the stimulation of travelers activity during learning, translation and saving of cultural values.

scholarly journals “Mere Matter:” Causality, Subjectivity and Aesthetic Form in Erasmus Darwin

2011 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Allison Dushane
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

In his two-part medical treatise Zoonomia (1794-1796), Erasmus Darwin—physician, scientist, popular poet and grandfather of Charles Darwin—begins with a conception of living matter in order to envision an organic system of nature, in which the individual and the environment are not only interdependent, but also reciprocally determining. This essay contextualizes Darwin’s materialism within a wider debate over the status of “mere matter” in the Romantic era through a reading of section 39 of Zoonomia, “Of Generation,” alongside David Hartley’s psychological theories and Joseph Priestley’s thinking on the nature of matter. I argue that the perceived threat of materialism lies in the ways in which these systems of thought rethink the operation of causality, reorient conceptions of teleology, and thus rewrite the nature of the relationship between the human subject and material nature. A reading of the critical contemporary reactions to Darwin’s popular poetry further suggests that the same shifting conceptions of teleology, causality, and subjectivity drive Romantic era revolutions in aesthetic form.

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