The impact of education training system on Disaster Response Capabilities of Police Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Byung-Gu Kim ◽  
◽  
Joon-Tae Lim
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Training System ◽  
Education Training ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the efficacy of investigative interviewing training courses: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Davut Akca ◽  
Cassandre Dion Larivière ◽  
Joseph Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Interviewing Skills ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Interrogation Training ◽  
The Impact

Substantial resources have been dedicated to designing and implementing training courses that focus on enhancing the interviewing skills of police officers. Laboratory research studies and real-world assessments of the effectiveness of interview training courses, however, have found notably mixed results. In this article, empirical studies ( N = 30) that have assessed the effectiveness of police interview and interrogation training courses were systematically reviewed. We found a wide variation in terms of the type, length, and content of the training courses, the performance criteria used to assess the training effectiveness, and the impact of the training courses on interviewing performance. Overall, the studies found that basic interviewing skills can be developed to a certain level through even short evidence-based training courses. More cognitively demanding skills, such as question selection and meaningful rapport-building, showed less of an improvement post training. The courses that included multiple training sessions showed the most consistent impact on interviewing behavior. This review also indicated a need for more systematic research on training effectiveness with more uniform and longer-term measures of effectiveness. Our findings should help guide future research on this specific topic and inform the training strategies of law enforcement and other investigatory organizations.

Hospital Disaster Response Using Business Impact Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Suginaka ◽  
Ken Okamoto ◽  
Yohei Hirano ◽  
Yuichi Fukumoto ◽  
Miki Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Business Impact ◽  
Hospital Operations ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThe catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 created a crisis in a university-affiliated hospital by disrupting the water supply for 10 days. In response, this study was conducted to analyze water use and prioritize water consumption in each department of the hospital by applying a business impact analysis (BIA). Identifying the minimum amount of water necessary for continuing operations during a disaster was an additional goal.ProblemWater is essential for many hospital operations and disaster-ready policies must be in place for the safety and continued care of patients.MethodsA team of doctors, nurses, and office workers in the hospital devised a BIA questionnaire to examine all operations using water. The questionnaire included department name, operation name, suggested substitutes for water, and the estimated daily amount of water consumption. Operations were placed in one of three ranks (S, A, or B) depending on the impact on patients and the need for operational continuity. Recovery time objective (RTO), which is equivalent to the maximum tolerable period of disruption, was determined. Furthermore, the actual use of water and the efficiency of substitute methods, practiced during the water-disrupted periods, were verified in each operation.ResultsThere were 24 activities using water in eight departments, and the estimated water consumption in the hospital was 326 (SD = 17) m3per day: 64 (SD = 3) m3for S (20%), 167 (SD = 8) m3for A (51%), and 95 (SD = 5) m3for B operations (29%). During the disruption, the hospital had about 520 m3of available water. When the RTO was set to four days, the amount of water available would have been 130 m3per day. During the crisis, 81% of the substitute methods were used for the S and A operations.ConclusionThis is the first study to identify and prioritize hospital operations necessary for the efficient continuation of medical treatment during suspension of the water supply by applying a BIA. Understanding the priority of operations and the minimum daily water requirement for each operation is important for a hospital in the event of an unexpected adverse situation, such as a major disaster.SuginakaH,OkamotoK,HiranoY,FukumotoY,MorikawaM,OodeY,SumiY,InoueY,MatsudaS,TanakaH.Hospital disaster response using business impact analysis.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-8.

“Blacks Can’t Jump”: The Racialization of Transit Police Responses to Fare Evasion

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110075
Author(s):  
TaLisa J. Carter ◽  
Lallen T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Race And Place ◽  
Fare Evasion

This study demonstrates that racially disparate fare evasion citation outcomes are the product of racialized social systems that allow transit police officers to determine the belongingness of Black riders in systems of mass transit. Using citation data from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, we test the impact of race and place attributes on transit officer decisions to allocate punishment for subway fare evasion using mixed effects logistic regression controlling for individual and contextual predictors. Although rider racial identity alone proves statistically irrelevant, Black riders suspected of fare evasion possess an elevated risk for being fined as opposed to merely being warned at stations located within predominately white neighborhoods and as stations increase in ridership. These findings demonstrate how transit police officer discretion challenges Black belongingness on systems of public transportation. Broader implications of this work include the importance of scholarship linking statistical disparities to organizational intent and integrating diverse voices in policing policy development.

Cultivation theory: The impact of crime media's portrayal of race on the desire to become a U.S. police officer

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110365
Author(s):  
Wendi Pollock ◽  
Natalia D Tapia ◽  
Deborah Sibila
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Cultivation Theory ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The death of George Floyd on 25 May 2020 again left people asking why U.S. police officers so commonly resort to the use of deadly force when interacting with Black individuals. The current article proposes that media, combined with cultivation theory and social cognition concepts may create implicit biases that are potential contributors to this problem. Police officers have a greater vulnerability to these biases because intake of crime-related media positively predicts their interest in selecting law enforcement as a career. Other predictors of an interest in working in law enforcement, and implications of these findings, are discussed.

Fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making to identify the order of establishing temporary logistics hubs during disaster response

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajali Maharjan ◽  
Shinya Hanaoka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the importance of the order of establishment of temporary logistics hubs (TLHs) when resources (mobile storage units used as TLHs) are limited and to present the development and implementation of a methodology that determines the order of establishment of TLHs to support post-disaster decision making. Design/methodology/approach It employed a decision support system that considers multiple decision makers and subjective attributes, while also addressing the impreciseness inherent in post-disaster decision making for ordering the establishment of TLHs. To do so, an optimization model was combined with a fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making approach. A numerical illustration was performed using data from the April 2015 Nepal Earthquake. Findings The results showed the location and order of establishment of TLHs, and demonstrated the impact of decision makers’ opinions on the overall ordering. Research limitations/implications The study does not discuss the uncertain nature of the location problem and the potential need for relocation of TLHs. Practical implications This methodology offers managerial insights for post-disaster decision making when resources are limited and their effective utilization is vital. The results highlight the importance of considering the opinions of multiple actors/decision makers to enable coordination and avoid complication between the growing numbers of humanitarian responders during disaster response. Originality/value This study introduces the concept of the order of establishment of TLHs and demonstrates its importance when resources are limited. It develops and implements a methodology determining the order of establishment of TLHs to support post-disaster decision making.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la factibilidad de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado en el desarrollo de fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas (Assessment of the feasibility of a combined training system in the development of explosive streng

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Lisbet Guillen Pereira ◽  
Angel Freddy Rodriguez Torres ◽  
Giovanny Capote Lavandero ◽  
Pablo Anthony Rendón Morales ◽  
María Elena Lagla Melendres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
The Impact

 La investigación se centró en evaluar el impacto de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado para desarrollar la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas, viene a reforzar el enfoque del desarrollo de la capacidad mediante una lógica metodológica que parte de la creación de las condiciones morfológicas y funcionales para asegurar la potenciación de una hipertrofia sarcoplasmática, como base del desarrollo de la hipertrofia sarcomérica y finalmente favorecer la conversión a potencia y el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva, en concordancia se transitó por un diagnóstico, elaboración y validación, utilizando convenientemente métodos y técnicas como: entrevista, encuesta, observación, la prueba, la medición, el criterios de experto, la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y el pre-experimento, este último con tres momentos (pre-test/ intervención de 16 semanas/ post-test), participaron 20 taekwondocas universitarios Categoría Sénior y dos entrenadores. Se consideró la evaluación de la fuerza máxima (1RM) de los planos musculares que intervienen directamente en las técnicas de pateo, por estar asociada con la calidad del reclutamiento de la fibras motoras; la evaluación de la fuerza explosiva se realizó mediante el test de salto vertical: Squat Jump (SJ) extraído del protocolo del test de Bosco, para ello fue necesario emplear una plataforma de contacto digital. Los datos se compararon mediante una prueba T de diferencias de medias, cuyos resultados mostraron cambios significativos (p= .000) entre el pre y post tratamiento, verificándose Hi, concluyendo que el sistema de entrenamiento combinado mejoró el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas.  Summary: The research focused on assessing the impact of a combined training system to develop the explosive strength of the lower limbs of the taekwondoins. It wants to reinforce the approach of capacity development through a methodological logic that starts from the creation of morphological and functional conditions to ensure the enhancement of a sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, as a basis for the development of sarcomeric hypertrophy, and finally, favor the conversion to power and the development of the explosive force. At the same time, it went through a diagnosis, elaboration and data validation, using propper methods and techniques such as: interview, survey, observation, testing, measurement, expert criteria, descriptive and inferential statistics, and the pre-experiment. The last one with three stages (pre-test / 16-week intervention / post-test) Twenty senior category university taekwondoins and two coaches participated. The evaluation of the maximum force (1RM) of the muscular planes that directly influence in the kicking techniques was considered. As it was associated to the quality of motor fiber recruitment; The evaluation of the explosive force was performed using the vertical jump test: Squat Jump (SJ) extracted from the Bosco test protocol. For this, it was necessary to use a digital contact platform. The data were compared using a T-test, the results of which showed significant changes (p = .000) between the pre and post treatment, verifying Hi. Concluding that the combined training system improved the development of the explosive strength of the limbs lower of the taekwondoinst.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Endre Szabó ◽  
Katinka Bajkai-Tóth ◽  
Ildikó Rudnák ◽  
Róbert Magda
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Training System ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

In the course of the research, we examined the impact of the selection and training system of a Hungarian automotive company on organizational performance, which together ensure the future development of the company. It contributes to the optimization of sales, purchasing and logistics processes, ensures customer satisfaction and the success of the company. In this fast-paced and globalized world, it is essential for companies to be aware that one of the most important factors of production is human resources themselves, whose proper selection and training are a key element in maintaining and developing economic competitiveness. Human resources play the biggest role in the operation of an economic organization. Process quality and process orientation reduce costs, increase profitability, and improve processes to always meet growing requirements. This is the basis of the quality strategy. Therefore, it consistently applies preventive quality assurance methods, learns from failures, eliminates the causes of mistakes without delays and transfers its experience to all areas of the company for preventive action. It is customer-oriented and strives for excellence in all areas, and thus makes it an obligation for everyone to aim for the highest level of customer service. Due to the special peculiarities and characteristics of the labor force, it cannot be compared to any of the production resources. Taking this as a basis, the human resource management used to be more of a functional purpose, while in recent decades human factors have become an essential source of competitiveness. The market operation and performance of an organization depends significantly on how we can select the most suitable workforce. We need to see what the strategic points that determine the role of HR are, and we are also looking for the answer in which direction the needs, expectations and professionalism given by the generational difference move the activities of human resources. The aim of the research is to get an answer to how the employees of one of the leading Hungarian players in the automotive industry perceive the importance of the selection and training of the workforce in maintaining and improving competitiveness. To this end, we used a semi-structured interview, with the help of which we evaluated the current selection and training processes in the light of competitiveness and made suggestions for the improvement and refinement of these processes.

scholarly journals Seeing is believing: the impact of body-worn cameras on court outcomes, a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Miami Beach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Petersen ◽  
Alejandro Mouro ◽  
Donald Papy ◽  
Noel Castillo ◽  
Barak Ariel
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To assess the effects of BWCs on prosecutorial and court-related charge outcomes across multiple crime types, including domestic violence charges, crimes committed against police officers, and drug/alcohol charges. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial with 22 spatiotemporal police units assigned to BWCs and 17 assigned to control conditions. Data from the State Attorney’s Office were used to track convictions, adjudication withheld dispositions, and declined prosecutions for both experimental and control charges. A series of multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the effect of BWC footage on charge outcomes. Outcomes BWCs led to a significantly higher proportion of crimes against police officers resulting in convictions or adjudication withheld outcomes, and a significantly higher proportion of domestic violence charges resulting in convictions alone, compared to control charges. However, after the clustering effect was taken into account, only the effect of BWCs on crimes against police officers remained statistically significant. Conclusion These early results suggest that BWCs have significant evidentiary value that varies by crime type. BWCs may be best suited to capture evidence of crimes committed against police officers and potentially in domestic violence offenses as well.

scholarly journals Disaster response and recovery in two informal settlements: A local government perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu ◽  
Malcolm Alan Henworth Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Informal settlements in urban areas have long been afflicted by disasters and exposed to exploitation by politicians, shacklords, academics, journalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), tavern owners and government officials. This problem is caused to some degree by limited land for expansion which has resulted in the creation of highly densified and unplanned, irregular settlements using poor, combustible building materials. The purpose of the article is to investigate whether eThekwini Municipality’s strategies are sufficient to respond to and recover from the impact of disasters. The research was undertaken at the Foreman and Kennedy Road informal settlements located in Clare Estate, under Ward 25, in Durban within eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (refer to Annexure 1). These areas are very important politically as they are densily populated and highly contested between political parties and local resistant’s organizations such as Abahlali baseMjondolo. Questionnaires were self-administered to a sample size of 220 of which 140 respondents completed the questionnaires, thereby generating a response rate of 63.6%. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with municipal officials. The findings indicate that 44.3% of the victims of disasters received assistance from NGOs and regard civil society as playing an important role after disasters compared to 7.1% of the responding municipal officials.

scholarly journals Aggressive Policing and the Educational Performance of Minority Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joscha Legewie ◽  
Jeffrey Fagan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of minority youth experience contact with the criminal justice system. But how does the expansion of police presence in poor urban communities affect educational outcomes? Previous research points at multiple mechanisms with opposing effects. This article presents the first causal evidence of the impact of aggressive policing on minority youths’ educational performance. Under Operation Impact, the New York Police Department (NYPD) saturated high-crime areas with additional police officers with the mission to engage in aggressive, order-maintenance policing. To estimate the effect of this policing program, we use administrative data from more than 250,000 adolescents age 9 to 15 and a difference-in-differences approach based on variation in the timing of police surges across neighborhoods. We find that exposure to police surges significantly reduced test scores for African American boys, consistent with their greater exposure to policing. The size of the effect increases with age, but there is no discernible effect for African American girls and Hispanic students. Aggressive policing can thus lower educational performance for some minority groups. These findings provide evidence that the consequences of policing extend into key domains of social life, with implications for the educational trajectories of minority youth and social inequality more broadly.

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