Antimicrobial effect of phenazines produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from saline soil of Mina River, Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Hicham Dahah ◽  
Rachid Djibaoui ◽  
Saïd Nemmiche
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
River Region ◽  
Wide Range

Several strains of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used in biotechnology to produce beneficial metabolites in medicine and agriculture. Many secondary metabolites are secreted throughout their growth where phenazines are one among the most known stronger metabolites. The phenazines are antimicrobial substances inhibiting a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. In order to exploit the antimicrobial effect of P. aeruginosa and its pheanzines we do isolate the studied bacteria from saline soil collected from Mina river region (Relizane, Algeria). Ten isolates belonged to Pseudomonas were selected by an antagonistic test, one of isolates was identified as P. aeruginosa and selected for phenazines production. Phenazines were produced using King A broth medium, extracted by ethyl acetate and purified by silica gel chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract containing phenazines was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against a number of pathogen microorganisms and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The results indicated that the crude phenazines solution was effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans. The characterization of purified phenazines extract by HPLC showed a peak similar to the standard. The results of this study will contribute in the identification of the potential of phenazines naturally-occurring substances as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals In-vitro antimicrobial activity of different toothpastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Bikram Gautam ◽  
Elisa Dongol ◽  
Anima Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms

Background: Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely practiced form of oral hygiene. Toothpaste aids to improve oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimicrobial agents, have been added to toothpastes which kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes.Methods: Eight (Two herbal and six regular) toothpastes were selected for the study. The study was conducted from October to November 2016 at St. Xavier’s College’s microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes were assessed by measuring inhibition zones by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method.Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination by tube dilution method and cup well diffusion method was found to be same. The antimicrobial activity on test organisms was shown by all toothpastes (TH1, TH2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7 and TR8). Antimicrobial activity of all toothpastes were almost the same and was statistically significant (t>0.05)Conclusion: All eight toothpastes aids in lower microbial load. However, no toothpaste showed bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested microbes. The toothpaste containing only natural active ingredients were found to be more effective than the toothpaste containing chemical active agent followed by weaker antimicrobial effect given by the toothpaste containing both natural and chemical active ingredient as an antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SUCCESSIVE SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK AND SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM AGAINST SOME HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
HOSUR NARAYANAPPA VENKATESH ◽  
DEVIHALLI CHIKKAIAH MOHANA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: The continuous emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and yeast, and the negative impact of synthetic preservatives have led to an increased interest in the use of plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of successive solvent extracts of Albizia lebbeck and Solanum seaforthianum has been evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed for determination of the zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) and twofold broth dilution technique was employed for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations, and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations. Results: Among the successive solvent extracts tested, methanol extracts of both A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum showed highest antibacterial activity with ZOIs ranged between 10.0 and 20.4 mm at 1 mg/disc followed by ethanol (ZOIs 8.1–17.6 mm). The petroleum ether, toluene, and chloroform extracts showed the least activity. The highest activity was observed against Streptococcus faecalis, whereas the least activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum could be explored as antimicrobial agents for the management of pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ear and wound swabs in some selected hospital laboratories in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. I. Umar ◽  
I. Garba ◽  
M. L. Jidda ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
A. S. Fana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile bacterium that can cause a wide range of severe opportunistic infections in patients with serious underlying conditions and can be found in most communities in Nigeria. The study was to determine the prevalence, resistance pattern and distribution of multiple drug resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) isolated from ear and wound specimens in patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital Sokoto. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 samples were analysed by standard bacteriological methods. Screening for MDR-PA was carried out by antibiotic sensitivity testing using disc diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), cloxacillin (30 µg), amoxicillin (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), gentamycin (10 µg) and colistin (10 µg) discs on Mueller Hinton agar. Results: Of a total of 55 (36.7%) isolates of P. aeruginosa strains were obtained, 30 (54.5%) isolates were resistant to imipenem, 31 (56.3%) were resistant to ofloxacin, 44 (80.0%) to gentamycin, 53 (96.3%) to ceftazidime and cefuroxime, 50 (90.9%) to ceftrizone, 54 (98.1%) to cloxacillin and amoxycillin and lastly 15 (27.2%) to colistin. All the isolates were multi drug resistant, this probably due to improper use or over the counter purchase of antibiotics without professional oversight. Conclusion: Almost all the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics used including colistin. There is need to improve on the public health awareness on the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents as it is one of the major ways microbes develop resistance to them.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Standard Strains and Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Shima Naddafi ◽  
◽  
Alireza Partoazar ◽  
Zahra Dargahi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles are highly active and exhibits remarkable bactericidal activity against a wide range of bacteria. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and their isolates in food products. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on the two pathogenic bacteria and their two standard strains. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared from zeolite and their amount was determined using the XRF analyzer. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were measured using disk diffusion method . Findings: The MIC value of zinc oxide nanoparticles was 4 mg/mL for standard strain and isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 mg/mL for standard strain and isolate of staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values for standard strain and isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa were 16 and 8 mg/mL, respectively, while for the standard strain and isolate of Staphylococcus aureus it was reported 8 mg/mL. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive to zinc oxide nanoparticles that pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152110142
Author(s):  
Velu Gomathy ◽  
Venkatesan Manigandan ◽  
Narasimman Vignesh ◽  
Aavula Thabitha ◽  
Ramachandran Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Advances in Understanding of the Copper Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Lukas Hofmann ◽  
Melanie Hirsch ◽  
Sharon Ruthstein
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Target Sites

Thirty-five thousand people die as a result of more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the United States of America per year. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is classified a serious threat, the second-highest threat category of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Among others, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the discovery and development of novel antibiotic classes with new targets and mechanisms of action without cross-resistance to existing classes. To find potential new target sites in pathogenic bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa, it is inevitable to fully understand the molecular mechanism of homeostasis, metabolism, regulation, growth, and resistances thereof. P. aeruginosa maintains a sophisticated copper defense cascade comprising three stages, resembling those of public safety organizations. These stages include copper scavenging, first responder, and second responder. Similar mechanisms are found in numerous pathogens. Here we compare the copper-dependent transcription regulators cueR and copRS of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and P. aeruginosa. Further, phylogenetic analysis and structural modelling of mexPQ-opmE reveal that this efflux pump is unlikely to be involved in the copper export of P. aeruginosa. Altogether, we present current understandings of the copper homeostasis in P. aeruginosa and potential new target sites for antimicrobial agents or a combinatorial drug regimen in the fight against multidrug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Subhadradevi ◽  
K Asokkumar ◽  
M Umamaheswari ◽  
AT Sivashanmugam ◽  
JR Ushanandhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma: AnIn VitroStudy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Cieślik-Bielecka ◽  
Tadeusz Bold ◽  
Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽  
Marcin Pierchała ◽  
Aleksandra Królikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of the study was to investigate the leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) antimicrobial activity. The studied sample comprised 20 healthy males. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were testedin vitrofor their antibacterial properties against selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two types of thrombin were used (autologous and bovine). Zones of inhibition produced by L-PRP ranged between 6 and 18 mm in diameter. L-PRP inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA and MSSA strains) and was also active againstEnterococcus faecalisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae. The statistically significant increase of L-PRP antimicrobial effect was noted with the use of major volume of thrombin as an activator. Additionally, in groups where a bovine thrombin mixture was added to L-PRP the zones of inhibition concerning MRSA,Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere larger than in the groups with autologous thrombin. Based on the conducted studies, it can be determined that L-PRP can evokein vitroantimicrobial effects and might be used to treat selected infections in the clinical field. The major volume of thrombin as an activator increases the strength of the L-PRP antimicrobial effect.

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