scholarly journals Towards Religious Understanding: An Assessment of the Ambivalence Roles of Religious Leaders in Christian-Muslim Relations in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Rapheal Joseph Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Shaky Ground

The world today is becoming more violent than ever before. Sometimes, the violence can be political, ethnic, economic and or religious. In most cases, distinguishing the main cause of such violence from other causes might be difficult. The factors could be a combination of two issues viz: ethnoreligious conflicts or politico-religious conflicts. The religious experience in Nigeria today, as a multi-religious society so far has proven contrary to the general belief and the widespread expectation of people about religion as an institution that promotes social integration. Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria today (though being the dominant religions in Nigeria) is standing on shaky ground. The relationship is highly characterized by mutual suspicion, mistrust and distrust. In understanding this characterized reality in their interactions, this work interrogated the ambivalence roles played by religious leaders in Nigeria. And in doing this, the ethnographic research method was adopted. As part of its findings, it was discovered that there is a high level of intolerance among Christians and Muslims in Nigeria occasioned by unguarded utterances and abuse of freedom of speech by many uncensored religious leaders. Thus, setting the stage for avoidable and constant religious confrontations among the adherents of the two religious communities in Nigeria. The study recommends that peaceful co-existence can be possible if the government is responsible and responsive enough to address the basic needs of her masses which would reduce largely the manipulation of religion by clerics for personal gain. Furthermore, the place of meaningful dialogue should be embraced by religious leaders across different religious divides. Keywords: Christian-Muslim Relations, Dialogue, Peaceful Co-existence, Religious leaders, Religious Understanding

scholarly journals Implications of ownership identity and insider’s supremacy on the economic performance of the listed companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Qaiser Rafique Yasser ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We adopt a multi-theoretic approach to investigate a previously unexplored phenomenon in extant literature, namely the differential impact of ownership identity and director dominate shareholding on the performance of emerging market firms. The main research question addressed is, whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the identity of the block investor. First, the relationship between overall block ownership and firm performance is tested by employing multiple regressions on 500 firm-year observations for the period from 2007 to 2011. Then, the block ownership is classified as the state, individuals, insiders, financial institutions, corporate and foreign investors and the influence of these identities on firm performance is examined. It was found that only the ownership categories such as the government, institutions and foreign ownership have positive influence on the firm performance. The results also indicate that high level of insider ownership also negatively associated with the firm performance. The main contribution of this paper is the examination of the relationship between block ownership and firm performance from the perspective of the identity of investors

scholarly journals Pilar-Pilar Kerukunan Beragama di Sulawesi Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Nasruddin Yusuf ◽  
Faradila Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Third ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
The City

This article discusses the pillars that are at the root of maintaining harmony among religious communities in North Sulawesi Province. When in several cities in Indonesia riots and conflicts occurred only in the City of Manado (North Sulawesi Province) there were no riots and conflicts, whereas when viewed from demographic status that is similar to cities that occurred riots, Manado City has the potential for conflict. However, there are three pillars that make conflict and riots not occur, although it cannot be denied that there are always events that are related to the issue of SARA (Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antar Golongan; Stands for Ethnic, Religion, Race and Intergroups) that can be the cause of riots in North Sulawesi Province. However, it can always be handled well so that riots and conflicts do not occur. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using anthropological and sociological approaches. The three pillars are the pillar of culture, pillar of religious leaders and the choice of government. The first pillar is culture to be one of the pillars of harmony in North Sulawesi Province because of the existence of mapalus culture. The second pillar, namely religious leaders, becomes a mobilizer in the community and plays a role in calling for sovereignty. The third breakdown is the government in which the government takes an important role by collaborating with religious leaders to safeguard harmony in North Sulawesi Province.Artikel ini membahas mengenai pilar-pilar yang menjadi akar dari terjaganya kerukunan antar umat beragama di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Ketika di beberapa kota di Indonesia terjadi kerusuhan dan konflik hanya di Kota Manado  (Provinsi Sulawesi Utara) tidak terjadi kerusuhan dan konflik, padahal jika dilihat dari status demografi yang mirip dengan kota-kota yang terjadi kerusuhan, Kota Manado berpotensi untuk terjadi konflik. Namun terdapat tiga pilar yang membuat konflik dan kerusuhan tidak terjadi meskipun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa selalu saja muncul kejadian yang berkaitan dengan isu sara yang dapat menjadi pemantik kerusuhan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Akantetapi, selalu saja dapat diatasi dengan baik sehingga tidak terjadi kerusuhan dan konflik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan antropologis dan sosiologis. Tiga pilar tersebut yaitu pilar budaya, pilar tokoh agama dan pilar pemerintah. Pilar pertama yaitu kebudayaan menjadi salah satu penopang kerukunan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara karena adanya budaya “mapalus”. Pilar kedua yaitu tokoh agama menjadi penggerak disalam masyarakat dan berperan dalam menyerukan kedaiman. Pilar ketiga yaitu pemerintahan dimana pemerintah mengambil peran penting dengan bekerjasama dengan tokoh agama untuk menjaaga kerukuanan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.

scholarly journals Sekularisasi dalam Pertarungan Simbolik

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Arip Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Organizations

Abstrak Ketika terjadi konflik antar umat beragama di Indonesia, tindakan penyelesaian yang diambil oleh pemerintah tentunya harus mengacu pada Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Sebab, jika pemerintah tidak mengacu pada kedua dasar itu, yang terjadi adalah tindakan diskriminasi, seperti tindakan pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan konflik Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip sekularisasi dalam menangani konflik keagamaan Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Kuningan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan tokoh Ahmadiyah, pemerintah, dan Ormas Islam yang berpengaruh di Kabupaten Kuningan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa prinsip sekularisasi tidak berjalan dengan baik di Kabupaten Kuningan di mana pemerintah Kabupaten Kuningan beritndak cukup diskriminatif terhadap pemenuhan layanan dasar Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Manislor dengan mennangguhkan e-KTP yang berdampak pada pencatatan nikah.   Abstract When there is a conflict between religious communities in Indonesia, the resolution taken by the government should refer to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. If the government does not refer to these two principles, it can trigger the acts of discrimination, such as the government’s decisions in resolving the conflict of the Ahmadiyah Community of Indonesia (JAI). This study aims to determine the implementation of the principle of secularization in dealing with religious conflicts of the Ahmadiyya Community in Kuningan. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The data were obtained through observation, documentation, and interviews with influential Ahmadiyah figures, officials from the government and leaders of Islamic organizations in Kuningan District. This study found that the principle of secularization did not work well in Kuningan District where the Kuningan Regency government was discriminatory towards the fulfillment of basic services of the Ahmadiyah Community in Manislor by suspending e-ID Card which had some serious impacts including on the marriage registration.

scholarly journals Early Child Marriage: Customary Law, Support System, and Unwed Pregnancy in Gorontalo

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Sastro Mustapa Wantu ◽  
Irwan Abdullah ◽  
Yowan Tamu ◽  
Intan Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Unwed Pregnancy ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The rate of underage marriage in Gorontalo is very high, even though religion, customs and state laws prohibit it. The results of the direct interviews conducted and the observations made indicate that poverty, low levels of education and matchmaking myths may have caused this increase. Furthermore, the increasingly high level of promiscuity and weakened socio-cultural ties have led to an increase in the number of extramarital pregnancies, and forced marriage is unavoidable to maintain the dignity of the community. It was discovered that most married couples do not wed legally until they have problems in their marriage and seek a divorce. Moreover, women must also be responsible for their life choices because this paper shows that poor service practices have caused underage women to be objectified by physical, social and symbolic violence. The unavailability of a support system from the government and society makes a partner rely on the kindness of his or her parents. Therefore, it was suggested that government intervention, in the form of prevention and support systems for underage married women, must be integrated with the role of the community and religious leaders.

scholarly journals Measuring And Mapping The State Of Food Insecurity In Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Rajput Swati ◽  
Arora Kavita
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Food insecurity is a global issue that persists at various scales and intensity. It is linked to irregularity or uncertainty of food, water and fuel and can develop under the influence of multiple factors. Food availability, accessibility, consumption and stability are the four broad dimensions of food security. This paper analyses the relationship between these four dimensions and food insecurity for 33 districts in Rajasthan, India, using the data collected from the published documents, periodicals and websites of the government or other authentic sources. To analyse the link between these four dimensions, several indicators were taken into consideration. The collected data was used to rank the districts based on their level of food insecurity. Thus, the results include categorization of the districts into four zones based on the values of the variables. The results are presented through maps, which show the spatial distribution of food insecurity. It can be concluded, that the districts of Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Bharatpur, Rajsamand, Dhaulpur and Jalore have a very high level of food insecurity.

Toleransi Beragama Di Era Disrupsi: Potret Masyarakat Multikultural Sumatera Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Toguan Rambe ◽  
Seva Maya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Cultural Entities

North Sumatra is known as a heterogeneous society as well as other provinces in Indonesia, diversity is seen in differences in religion, culture and so forth. This condition certainly has the potential to cause social conflict to disrupt religious harmony. On the other hand, North Sumatra is known as a province that is wise in handling socio-religious conflicts that occur in society. This study uses a qualitative approach in which the type of research is phenomenology (phainomenon). In collecting data, the author uses the method of observation and direct interviews which are both participative and non-participative, namely observations involving religious leaders and officials who have authority in religious institutions in North Sumatra. The conclusions in this study noted that the portrait of diversity was seen in religious and cultural entities. The diversity of religions in this region is recorded that there are 6 religions served by the government, namely Islam 65.45%, Christian 26.62%, Catholic 4.78%, Hindu 0.19%, Buddhist 2.82%, Confucianism 0, 14%. Cultural entities recorded that there were eight ethnic groups added with several ethnic immigrants. The eight indigenous ethnicities are Malay, Batak Toba, Batak Angkola, Mandailing, Simalungun, Karo, Nias, and Pakpak / Dairi. Meanwhile, the potential of this area in realizing a tolerant life is the use of religious values and local wisdom as a means of establishing a tolerant attitude. And support from the government, religious leaders and the availability of communication platforms between religious leaders such as FKUB.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pedagang Kaki Lima Islam Di Tengah-Tengah Mayoritas Kristen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the problem of the dynamics of living conditions of Muslim street vendors in the midst of a Christian majority community in Kupang city. Muslim street vendors in question is a seller of green bean porridge along the road El Tari Kupang city. The research findings show that the root of the problem experienced by Muslim street vendors is the social jealousy shown by the Christian street vendors who are also along the road of El Tari Kupang city. This social jealousy occurs because Christian street vendors see that Muslim street vendors are more successful and successful than they are. Social jealousy extends to racial, ethnic, and religious issues. So that affects the problem of tolerance and harmony of religious people. This research is qualitative. The method used is case study. Data were collected by using in-depth interview technique, observation, and literature study. The conclusion in this study is that Muslim street vendors who previously experienced anxiety and inconvenience in trade, now become comfortable and not experiencing conflict again. Problems and conflicts can be overcome when the government, religious leaders, and the community perform their role well in realizing the harmony and harmony of religious communities.

scholarly journals Polarisasi Spiritualitas Ummat Islam di Era Pandemi Covid-19

AS-SABIQUN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Sirajun Nasihin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
Religious Understanding

This paper aims to present the results of an analysis of the phenomenon of religious communities, especially Muslims in the Covid-19 pandemic era which shows various patterns of spirituality. This paper is a review of the attitude patterns that appear to the surface, not providing justification or criticism of the attitudes of each pattern that appears. The methodology used is phenomenological analysis on social media which is currently emerging with various presentations. The author sees it from the point of view of epistemology proposed by a modern Muslim philosopher Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri who suggests three kinds of reasoning that humans have taken throughout the ages to produce their knowledge, namely bayani, irfani, and burhani reasoning. The religious phenomenon of the Muslim community in this pandemic era is the embodiment of its scientific system so that it will automatically show which epistemology is the basis for understanding the teachings of Islam. The conclusion of this analysis is that Muslims are divided into several attitudes of spirituality in response to government policies, namely; 1) intolerant (counter-active) attitude towards government policies based on their religious understanding, 2) tolerant attitude (pro-active) and providing support to the government based on their understanding and 3) indifferent attitude towards government policies.

scholarly journals Can Deliberative Policy Reconcile Religious Conflict? A Construction from the Insight of Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ihsan Rahmat ◽  
Indra Pratama Putra Salmon ◽  
Amrih Setyo Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In

The state has failed to manage religious conflicts. Not only from the side of the government apparatus, which helped provoke the mass to the loss of life, but also weak and biased central regulations. The fact is that national policies do not complete the agenda and content of interests. This study argues that an important deliberative policy is made in each conflict area as a reinforcement for national policy. We construct a deliberative policy flow for religious conflicts based on academic guidelines and the case of the Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) in Colo Village, Kudus Regency, Central Java Province. This study is sourced from data collected in November 2018 through documentation, interviews, and observations. We have interviewed the village government, religious leaders, active congregations, and residents. The results of the interviews were processed through the process of transcription, determining keywords, categorizing, and defining. Data refined in October 2020 through literature studies and news clipping. We have described policies as triggers of conflict, identified four patterns of JAI conflict in Indonesia, and explained the dynamics of Ahmadiyyah diversity with local Muslims in Colo. Primarily, this study contains a deliberative policy-making process. The key to this policy is a participatory, informative, balanced, and thorough discussion of all parties. The task in the future is the need to examine the deliberative policy flow that we have constructed to ensure that this can be applied.Keywords : Religious Conflict; Deliberative Policy; Jamaah Ahmadiyyah Indonesia

Part 1 Freedom of Religion or Belief, 1.3.5 Appointing Clergy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽  
Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽  
Wiener Michael, Dr
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Interference

This chapter addresses the issues concerning State interference in the appointment of clergy in a religion. In practice, the existence of religious communities is maintained through the succession of new religious leaders, priests, and teachers. If a State systematically abducts, arrests, or imprisons religious leaders this may jeopardize the very survival of this community. Likewise, direct State interference in the appointment procedure of a religion may lead to divisions within communities and may weaken the relationship between different sub-groups. These interferences may include management measures for the recognition of ‘reincarnations’, which may result in disunity among religious members, with some believers following the State-appointed leader while others follow the leader who has not been officially recognized. Another issue of interpretation is whether the autonomy of religious communities in selecting and appointing their religious leaders can—or even must—be curtailed by the State in order to safeguard the equality between men and women.

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