scholarly journals Molecular and epidemiologyical analysis of a Campylobacter jejuni outbreak in China, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Qu ◽  
Maojun Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Lei Jia ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Close Contacts

Introduction: Campylobacter spp. is the most common gastrointestinal pathogen worldwide with a very low reported incidence in China. In April 2018, one 36 cases of diarrhea outbreak occurred in a high school in Beijing after a trip to another province in Southern China. The investigation for the enteric pathogen infection was conducted to identify the cause. Methodology: Eighteen stool specimens from 11 diarrheal patients and 3 close contacts were collected and tested for 16 enteric bacterial and viral pathogens using real-time PCR methods. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were applied to C. jejuni isolates in this outbreak in order to characterize the incident. Results: Ten (90.9%) of 11 stool specimens from diarrheal patients were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, confirmed as the cause of outbreak. Eight C. jejuni strains were obtained and produced 2 sequence types (STs) and 3 PFGE patterns. Six of them had the same ST (ST2274) and PFGE pattern (SMA001). The dominant outbreak strain with an identical subtyping profile was clustered with most chicken isolates from national MLST and PulseNet Campylobacter database. The entire 8 isolates were multi-drug resistant, with the dominant resistance pattern of nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin combined, except for 2 isolates resistant to florfenicol. Conclusion: Molecular typing confirmed that most of the cases belonged to a clonal cluster supporting the hypothesis of a common source; however, the source was not identified. This was the first recognized Campylobacteriosis outbreak in China among 20 years.

Mixed viral infections causing acute gastroenteritis in children in a waterborne outbreak

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RÄSÄNEN ◽  
S. LAPPALAINEN ◽  
S. KAIKKONEN ◽  
M. HÄMÄLÄINEN ◽  
M. SALMINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Stool Specimens

SUMMARYWe examined stool specimens for viral pathogens from 50 children referred to hospital due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) resulting from consuming drinking water contaminated with sewage in a Finnish community using PCR methods. Rotavirus was detected in 33 (66%), human calicivirus in 31 (62%), and both in 40% of cases. Of the caliciviruses, 20/31 (65%) were noroviruses and 11 (35%) sapoviruses. Furthermore, Aichi virus was detected in 25 (50%), adenovirus in six (12%) and bocavirus in four (8%) cases.Campylobacter jejuniwas present in 20 (61%) andSalmonellain four (12%) of the 33 stools cultured for bacteria. On a 20-point scale median severity score of AGE in the 28 hospitalized children was 17; the severity was similar regardless of viruses detected. Bloody diarrhoea occurred only whenC. jejuniwas present. To conclude, massive exposure to several AGE viruses caused mixed infections and severe AGE regardless of the aetiological agents.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Retail Chicken in Two Health Units in Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE DECKERT ◽  
ALFONSO VALDIVIESO-GARCIA ◽  
RICHARD REID-SMITH ◽  
SUSAN TAMBLYN ◽  
PATRICK SELISKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Multicenter Clinical Validation of the Molecular BD Max Enteric Viral Panel for Detection of Enteric Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stokes ◽  
Patricia J. Simner ◽  
Joel Mortensen ◽  
Margret Oethinger ◽  
Kathleen Stellrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

ABSTRACT The conventional methodology for gastrointestinal pathogen detection remains time-consuming, expensive, and of limited sensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the BD Max enteric viral panel (Max EVP) assay for identification of viral pathogens in stool specimens from individuals with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, enteritis, or colitis. Prospective and archival stool specimens from adult and pediatric patients with diarrhea were collected in Cary-Blair medium or unpreserved containers. The results for specimens tested by the Max EVP (on the BD Max platform) were compared to those obtained by the reference method (alternate PCR assays, followed by bidirectional sequencing). Positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) were calculated. A total of 2,239 specimens were collected, with 2,148 being included for analysis. In this population, 39.6% of specimens were from outpatients, 42.1% were from patients <21 years old, and 49.7% were from females. Prevalence rates for prospective specimens were 7.3%, 4.5%, 3.5%, 2.4%, and 1.2% for norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus, respectively. PPA was 92.8%, 84.9%, 93.0%, 100%, and 95.6%, for norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus, respectively. NPA was ≥99.4% for all targets. In conjunction with the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and epidemiological information, the Max EVP assay is effective for the differential diagnosis of enteric disease caused by norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. This assay can be used individually for patients at high risk for a viral enteropathogen (e.g., in outbreak settings) or as an adjunct to other enteric bacterial panels.

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation of a subset of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from clinical and poultry sources in Ireland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246843
Author(s):  
Brendha Truccollo ◽  
Paul Whyte ◽  
Catherine Burgess ◽  
Declan Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. is a significant and prevalent public health hazard globally. Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently recovered species from human cases and poultry are considered the most important reservoir for its transmission to humans. In this study, 30 Campylobacter jejuni isolates were selected from clinical (n = 15) and broiler (n = 15) sources from a larger cohort, based on source, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The objective of this study was to further characterise the genomes of these isolates including MLST types, population structure, pan-genome, as well as virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. A total of 18 sequence types and 12 clonal complexes were identified. The most common clonal complex was ST-45, which was found in both clinical and broiler samples. We characterised the biological functions that were associated with the core and accessory genomes of the isolates in this study. No significant difference in the prevalence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance determinants was observed between clinical and broiler isolates, although genes associated with severe illness such as neuABC, wlaN and cstIII were only detected in clinical isolates. The ubiquity of virulence factors associated with motility, invasion and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) synthesis in both clinical and broiler C. jejuni genomes and genetic similarities between groups of broiler and clinical C. jejuni reaffirm that C. jejuni from poultry remains a significant threat to public health.

scholarly journals Murine fecal microbiota transplantation lowers gastrointestinal pathogen loads and dampens pro-inflammatory immune responses in Campylobacter jejuni infected secondary abiotic mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Katharina Mrazek ◽  
Stefan Bereswill
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractConventional mice are protected from Campylobacter jejuni infection by the murine host-specific gut microbiota composition. We here addressed whether peroral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) might be an antibiotics-independent option to lower even high gastrointestinal C. jejuni loads in the infected vertebrate host. To address this, secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally infected with C. jejuni by gavage. One week later, mice were stably colonized with more than 109 C. jejuni and subjected to peroral FMT from murine donors on three consecutive days. Two weeks post-intervention, gastrointestinal C. jejuni loads were up to 7.5 orders of magnitude lower following murine FMT versus mock challenge. Remarkably, FMT reversed C. jejuni induced colonic epithelial apoptosis, but enhanced proliferative and regenerative responses in the colon thereby counteracting pathogenic cell damage. Furthermore, FMT dampened both, innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the large intestines upon C. jejuni infection that were accompanied by less C. jejuni-induced colonic nitric oxide secretion. Our study provides strong evidence that novel probiotic formulations developed as alternative option to FMT in severe intestinal inflammatory morbidities including Clostridoides difficile infection might be effective to treat campylobacteriosis and lower pathogen loads in colonized vertebrates including farm animals.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Farm Animals and the Farm Environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7409-7413 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Colles ◽  
K. Jones ◽  
R. M. Harding ◽  
M. C. J. Maiden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Retail Food

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from farm animals and their environment was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 30 genotypes, defined by allelic profiles (assigned to sequence types [STs]), were found in 112 C. jejuni isolates originating in poultry, cattle, sheep, starlings, and slurry. All but two of these genotypes belonged to one of nine C. jejuni clonal complexes previously identified in isolates from human disease and retail food samples and one clonal complex previously associated with an environmental source. There was some evidence for the association of certain clonal complexes with particular farm animals: isolates belonging to the ST-45 complex predominated among poultry isolates but were absent among sheep isolates, while isolates belonging to the ST-61 and ST-42 complexes were predominant among sheep isolates but were absent from the poultry isolates. In contrast, ST-21 complex isolates were distributed among the different isolation sources. Comparison with MLST data from 91 human disease isolates showed small but significant genetic differentiation between the farm and human isolates; however, representatives of six clonal complexes were found in both samples. These data demonstrate that MLST and the clonal complex model can be used to identify and compare the genotypes of C. jejuni isolates from farm animals and the environment with those from retail food and human disease.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA WIECZOREK ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
JACEK OSEK
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Strain Type Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Turkeys in Eastern North Carolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Gu ◽  
Robin M. Siletzky ◽  
Sandra Wright ◽  
Mohammed Islam ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Genomic Cluster ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. In this study, 80 C. jejuni isolates from eastern North Carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI and KpnI, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE analysis suggested that many of the isolates (37/40 [ca. 93%]) in a major genomic cluster had DNA that was partially methylated at SmaI sites. Furthermore, 12/40 (30%) of the isolates in this cluster were completely resistant to digestion by KpnI, suggesting methylation at KpnI sites. MLST of 41 isolates identified 10 sequence types (STs), of which 4 were new. Three STs (ST-1839, ST-2132 and the new ST-2934) were predominant and were detected among isolates from different farms. The majority of the isolates (74%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and resistance to ciprofloxacin was common (64%), whereas resistance to the other drug of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis, erythromycin, was never encountered. Most (33/34) of the kanamycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline; however, only ca. 50% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also kanamycin resistant. Isolates with certain antimicrobial resistance profiles had identical or closely related strain types. Overall, the findings suggest dissemination of certain clonal groups of C. jejuni isolates in the turkey production industry of this region.

scholarly journals Campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUGHINI-GRAS ◽  
J. H. SMID ◽  
J. A. WAGENAAR ◽  
A. DE BOER ◽  
A. H. HAVELAAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chronic Enteropathies ◽  
Returning Travellers ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Undercooked Pork

SUMMARYMultilocus sequence types (STs) were determined for 232 and 737Campylobacter jejuni/coliisolates from Dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. Putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. Travelling to Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Southern Europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campylobacteriosis compared to travelling within Western Europe. Besides eating chicken, using antacids, and having chronic enteropathies, we identified eating vegetable salad outside Europe, drinking bottled water in high-risk destinations, and handling/eating undercooked pork as possible risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis. Factors associated with domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs involved predominantly person-to-person contacts around popular holiday periods. We concluded that putative determinants of travel-related campylobacteriosis differ from those of domestically acquired infections and that returning travellers may carry several exotic strains that might subsequently spread to domestic populations even through limited person-to-person transmission.

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