The Social-environmental Risk Factor for Conjunctivitis

BACKGROUND: Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders in the worldwide. The incidence of conjunctivitis in Indonesia reached 73% of the population. Conjunctivitis cases in Yogyakarta City have increased from year to year. AIM: This study purposed to identify the social-environmental risk factors that influence the incidence of conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta. METHODS: Design study was an observational analytic method with a case–control research design. The population study was all the patients visited at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019. The total sample is 204 respondents who were divided into case and control. One hundred and four respondents were in a case while 100 were controlled. The case was a conjunctivitis patient treated at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019, while the control was a non-conjunctivitis patient who went to the same two hospitals as the case respondent. Data were collected by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire covering the respondents’ demographics and social-environmental conditions. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 univariate and bivariate using Chi-square. RESULTS: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that age, the distance between the house and the river, the distance between the place and the temporary garbage dump, contacted from a close friend, the windows of the house were always opened every day as risk factors affecting the incidence of conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: The study’s decision is the social-environmental as a risk factor for conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta.

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FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v18i1.449 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Listautin Listautin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Health Department ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

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Faktor Risiko Kegagalan Pengobatan Ulang Pasien Tuberkulosis di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.18137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 433

Author(s):

Suharna Suharna ◽

Ning Rintiswati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Tracking System ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

District Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Complete Treatment

Risk factors of unsuccess retreatment among tuberculosis patients in YogyakartaPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors related to unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis cases in Yogyakarta. MethodsA case-control study was conducted at the health offices of five districts from the tuberculosis registry (TB 03 and TB 01) since 2008-2014. Case group criterion was defined as unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis patients, whereas the control group consisted of successful retreatment of tuberculosis patients (cure or complete treatment). A total of 142 cases and 142 controls were analysed with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Chi-square tests were conducted with p<0.05 and odds ratio (OR) at confidence interval 95%. Results Bivariate analysis showed that regular taking of a drug, conversion of acid-fast bacilli, and type of health services were statistically related to unsuccessful retreatment tuberculosis. Logistic regression showed that regular taking of a drug (p=0.000; OR=29.52; 95%CI=10.97-79.4) was the strongest risk factor related to unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis. ConclusionThe strongest risk factor was regularly taking of a drug. District health offices need to conduct a tracking system of patients who do not take medication on schedule, ensuring regular tuberculosis medication, correct medication, and sputum examination of late-stage intensive tuberculosis patients.

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KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DAN KERENTANAN LARVA NYAMUK Aedes spp DI KECAMATAN LUBUK BASUNG

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v3i2.1714 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Novia Wirna Putri

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Control Design ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Case Control ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Mosquito Repellent

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by four virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes.Lubuk Basung District is a DHF endemic with the most number of cases, namely 91 cases. The purpose is to analyze the environmental risk factors and to determine a description susceptibility of Aedes larvae in Lubuk Basung District. The study is an observational analytic with case-control design. The sample size was 81 cases and 81 control. The research was conducted in the Lubuk Basung District. Bivariate analysis result showed that the habit of hanging clothes (p=0,000 ; OR = 3,44 ; CI 95 % = 1,60–8,23), and the habit of not using mosquito repellent had a significant correlation with incidence of dengue (p = 0,026 ; OR = 2,07 ; CI 95 % = 1,08–4,12). The results of susceptibility testing larvae in Lubuk Basung District included in the vulnerable category that is>98%. Conclusion is the habit of hanging clothes, the habit of not using mosquito repellent were risk factor of DHF in Lubuk Basung District. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi demam akut yang disebabkan oleh empat serotipe virus dari genus Flavivirus yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes spp yang terinfeksi. Kecamatan Lubuk Basung merupakan kecamatan endemis DBD dengan jumlah kasus terbanyak pada tahun 2014 yaitu 91 kasus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan mengetahui gambaran kerentanan larva nyamuk Aedes spp di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam.Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik menggunakan rancangan studi kasus kontrol dengan responden sebanyak 81 kasus dan 81 kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan variabel yang bermakna terhadap kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung adalah kebiasaan menggantung pakaian (p=0,000 ; OR = 3,44 ;dan CI 95 % = 1,60–8,23), dan kebiasaan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk (p = 0,026 ; OR = 2,07 ; dan CI 95 % = 1,08–4,12). Hasil uji kerentanan larva di kelima Nagari Kecamatan Lubuk Basung termasuk dalam kategori rentan yaitu >98 %. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada hubungan kebiasaan menggantung pakaian dan kebiasaan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk dengan kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung.

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Risk Factor Mild Mental Retardation in Extraordinary School at Surabaya

Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya ◽

10.20473/jps.v9i2.20039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Muhammad Helmi Imaduddin ◽

Nining Febriyana ◽

Yunias Setiawati ◽

Irwanto Irwanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Mental Retardation ◽

Family Income ◽

Primary Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Special Schools ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Approach

Background: Children with mild mental retardation tend to have late language skills so that it affects aspects of speech and independence and can persist into adulthood. Knowing the risk factor of mental retardation is important because disability in children can be prevented by knowing the cause. Objective: This study aims to analyze risk factors for students with mild mental retardation in special schools in Surabaya in the academic year 2019-2020. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a case-control approach that took primary data in the form of a questionnaire on parents. Then the data is analyzed through univariate to display the characteristics of respondents and descriptive research variables and bivariate analysis with a chi-square test to determine the effect of risk factors on mental retardation. Results: In this study, there was a total of 100 samples after being excluded from 192 samples. Factors obtained by the length of neonatal stay in the hospital (p=0.010, OR=0.318, 95%CI=0.131-0.775), baby cries immediately at birth (p=0,000, OR=0.052, 95%CI=0,007-0,417), antenatal care (p=0.014, OR=0.107, 95%,CI=0.013-0.889), LBW (p=0.002, OR=0.820, 95%CI=0,72000,934), prematurity (p=0,007, OR=0,148, 95%CI=0,031-0,706), family income (p=0,000, OR=0.077, 95%CI=0.028-0.207), father's education (p=0.001, OR=5.310, 95%CI =1,913 14,745) affect mild mental retardation. Conclusion: Factors that influence mild mental retardation consist of perinatal factors (baby crying at birth) and environmental factors (family income and father's education).

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Comorbidity and severity-of-illness risk adjustment for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection using data from the electronic medical record

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.1344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Cabral ◽

Katherine E. Goodman ◽

Natalia Blanco ◽

Surbhi Leekha ◽

Larry S. Magder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Risk Adjustment ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Patient Admissions ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Risk Adjustment Model

Abstract Objective: To determine whether electronically available comorbidities and laboratory values on admission are risk factors for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) across multiple institutions and whether they could be used to improve risk adjustment. Patients: All patients at least 18 years of age admitted to 3 hospitals in Maryland between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018. Methods: Comorbid conditions were assigned using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable log-binomial regression was conducted for each hospital using significant covariates (P < .10) in a bivariate analysis. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were computed using current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk adjustment methodology and with the addition of Elixhauser score and individual comorbidities. Results: At hospital 1, 314 of 48,057 patient admissions (0.65%) had a HO-CDI; 41 of 8,791 patient admissions (0.47%) at community hospital 2 had a HO-CDI; and 75 of 29,211 patient admissions (0.26%) at community hospital 3 had a HO-CDI. In multivariable regression, Elixhauser score was a significant risk factor for HO-CDI at all hospitals when controlling for age, antibiotic use, and antacid use. Abnormal leukocyte level at hospital admission was a significant risk factor at hospital 1 and hospital 2. When Elixhauser score was included in the risk adjustment model, it was statistically significant (P < .01). Compared with the current CDC SIR methodology, the SIR of hospital 1 decreased by 2%, whereas the SIRs of hospitals 2 and 3 increased by 2% and 6%, respectively, but the rankings did not change. Conclusions: Electronically available patient comorbidities are important risk factors for HO-CDI and may improve risk-adjustment methodology.

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Self Efficacy: Performance Accomplishment dan Perilaku Merokok Remaja

Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan ◽

10.34008/jurhesti.v5i1.187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Wiwin Haryati ◽

Asnawi Abdullah ◽

Bakhtiar Bakhtiar

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Observational Research ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

Aceh Province ◽

Chi Square Test

Smoking behavior among teenagers has been increasing worldwide, triggering youth morbidity and mortality rates associated with smoking illnesses. Performance accomplishment, source of self-efficacy, has a significant influence on the high proportion of teenage smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between performance accomplishment and teenage smoking behaviors. The study was conducted on April 16 – 23, 2015 in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data were collected by disseminating a Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of general perceived self-efficacy, including performance accomplishment. The population of this study were 4,856 students, with a total sample of 368 students from 13 senior high schools. The study employed an analytic observational research design with the stratified proportional random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis by Chi-square test was applied to examine the data, processed by using SPSS version 20.0. The results indicated that there were significant relationships between self-efficacy and teenage smoking behavior (p=0.0001) and between performance accomplishment and teenage smoking behavior (p=0.0001). This study concluded that performance accomplishment has been strongly associated with the smoking behavior among young adults.

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RISK FACTORS OF WORK STRESS ON FIREFIGHTERS

Journal Of Vocational Health Studies ◽

10.20473/jvhs.v5.i2.2021.112-118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Kristiani Sianturi ◽

Rini Handayani ◽

Putri Handayani ◽

Cut Alia Keumala Muda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Work Stress ◽

Mental Workload ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heavy Work

Background: Firefighters.are often under pressure and get complaints from the public when extinguishing fires. They are often having heavy workloads and time targets to extinguish fires. It makes them have work stress. The initial survey showed of 80% firefighters having moderate-heavy work stress. Purpose: The aim was to know the risk factors of work stress in Firefighters in West Jakarta in 2019. Method: The research design used a cross-sectional design study. The population and samples are 105 Firefighters in West Jakarta (total sampling). The analysis was done in bivariate which was used the chi-square test. Result: The proportion of moderate-heavy work stress in Firefighters is 60.9%. Bivariate analysis show that there are relation of age (p-value < 0.001) interpersonal relationship (p-value = 0.014), and mental workload (p-value = 0.004) with work stress on Firefighters. It also show that there are no relation between level of education (p-value = 0.163), marital status (p-value = 0.071) and years of service (p-value = 0.351) with work stress on firefighter. Conclusion: The risk factors of work stress in firefighters are age, interpersonal relationships, and mental workloads.

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High preterm birth at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital in Indonesia

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v26i3.1454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Sungkar ◽

Adly N.A. Fattah ◽

Raymond Surya ◽

Budi I. Santoso ◽

Ivica Zalud

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

National Referral Hospital

Background: Preterm birth is the leading direct that causes neonatal death. Indonesia was listed as one of the countries with the greatest number of preterm birth in 2010. This study aims to identify the prevalence and the potential risk factors of preterm birth among women underwent delivery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, an Indonesian national reference hospital.Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 2,612 women who delivered between January and December 2013. Any clinical data which related to the potential risk factors and outcomes were recorded. The data were managed using chi-square for bivariate analysis and t-test or Mann-Whitney for numerical data followed by multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis in SPSS version 20.0.Results: Preterm birth affected 1,020 of 2,616 pregnancies (38.5%). Non-booked patients increased nearly twice risk for preterm delivery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37–2.61). While women with singleton pregnancy (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.12–0.25), head presentation (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.89), and regular ANC (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84) had lower risk for preterm birth. Apgar score, birthweight, and mode of delivery were significantly different between the pre-term group and the full-term group.Conclusion: Prevalence of preterm birth in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was approximately 2.5 times higher compared to the national number. Several factors reducing preterm birth rate include singleton pregnancy, head presentation, and regular ANC.

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Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Paramphistomiasis pada Sapi Bali di Distrik Prafi, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat (PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF PARAMPHISTOMIASIS IN BALI CATTLE IN PRAFI DISTRICT, MANOKWARI REGENCY, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE)

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2018.19.1.91 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽

Noviyanti Noviyanti ◽

Rizki Pratama Putra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Positive Sample ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

West Papua ◽

Bali Cattle ◽

Papua Barat ◽

Livestock Productivity

Paramphistomiasis is a parasiter disease caused by an Paramphistomum sp worms infection. The disease can cause a considerable decline in livestock productivity, therefore it is catagorized as one of economic affected diseases. The aims of this research were to determine the prevalence and distribution of paramphistomiasis in Bali cattle in Prafi District of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province; and to identify some of the risk factors that associated with the paramphistomiasis prevalence. The research was done between February and March 2016. The feces samples were taken from 369 cattles perrectal were chosen by using proportional random sampling technique at village level. A total of 127 farmer respondents were interviewed. The feces samples were examined with sedimentation test to identify the existence eggs of Paramphistomum sp. based on their morphology. The data were analyzed in univariate to obtain the prevalence by dividing the number of positive sample with the number of samples inspected multiplied by 100%. Then, bivariate analysis was performed by using chi square (c2), and odds ratio (OR). The distribution of paramphistomiasis in Bali cattle that rearing in Prafi District has prevalence value in each village: Udapi Hilir, Desay, Aimasi, and Prafi Mulya was 14.74%; 12.04%; 9.18% and 1.48% respectively. While the prevalence of paramphistomiasis in bali cattle in the Prafi District was 10.03%. Factors of rearing manajemen, such as: combined shed with calve (OR=4.525) and sources of animal feed that taken from the grounds of the house and rice land (OR=4.955) showed a significant influence (P<0.05) on the risk of paramphistomiasis infection.

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Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Yuni Purwanti ◽

Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Pungky Ardani Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.

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