Milk fermented by Lactobacillus species from Brazilian artisanal cheese protect germ-free-mice against Salmonella Typhimurium infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Acurcio ◽  
S.H.C. Sandes ◽  
R.W. Bastos ◽  
F.M. Sant’anna ◽  
S.H.S.P. Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Germ Free

Ingestion of milks fermented by Lactobacillus strains showing probiotic properties is an important tool to maintain gastrointestinal health. In this study, Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1 and Lactobacillus plantarum B7, isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheese, were used as starters for the functional fermented milks to assess their probiotic properties in a gnotobiotic animal model. Male germ-free Swiss mice received a single oral dose of milk fermented by each sample, and were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium five days afterwards. Milk fermented by both Lactobacillus strains maintained counts above 108 cfu/ml during cold storage. Lactobacillus strains colonised the gut of the germ-free-mice, maintaining their antagonistic effect. This colonisation led to a protective effect against Salmonella challenge, as demonstrated by reduced pathogen translocation and histological lesions, when compared to control group, especially for Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1. Additionally, mRNA expression of inflammatory (interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (transforming growth factor β1) cytokines was augmented in animals previously colonised and then challenged, when compared to other experimental groups. Lactobacillus plantarum B7 colonisation also promoted higher expression of IL-17, showing a proper maturation of colonised germ-free-mice immune system. IL-5 was stimulated by both strains’ colonisation and not by S. Typhimurium challenge.

scholarly journals Effect of a Synbiotic Mix on Lymphoid Organs of Broilers Infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora ◽  
Olga Vázquez-Paulino ◽  
Hugo Avalos ◽  
Felipe Ascencio ◽  
Karla Nuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Growth Promoting

Synbiotic consumption can modulate immune response. This work involves studying the effect of a synbiotic on lymphoid organs and IgA of broilers infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 258 one-day-old male broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus), line COBBAvian48 (free of growth-promoting antibiotics), were distributed into eight treatment groups. A symbiotic mix comprising Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5 M as probiotics and 4.5% (0.045 g g−1) of Agave tequilana fructans as prebiotic per dose (one milliliter) was administered through drinking water the first day of life. Bursa, spleen and thymus were analyzed. Broilers treated with the synbiotic, whether or not infected with pathogens, had bigger bursa follicles than the non-treated (p < 0.05), and the ones from the synbiotic group had more lymphocytes than the control group (p < 0.05). Thymus follicles of the synbiotic group were bigger than the control group (p < 0.05). Lesions associated with Salmonella infection were found in the bursa, however, in the broilers treated with the synbiotic, the lesions were less intense and were not present after 32 days of life. The synbiotic mix can stimulate the bursa, increasing the size of their follicles and promoting the ability to resist infections caused by S. typhimurium in broilers.

Differential Immune Response of Lactobacillus plantarum 286 Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Conventional and Germ-Free Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizá Teles Santos ◽  
Roberta Maria Dos Santos Ornellas ◽  
Leonardo Borges Acurcio ◽  
Sávio Henrique Cicco Sandes ◽  
Andréa Miura da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Germ Free

Effect of intestinal colonisation by two Lactobacillus strains on the immune response of gnotobiotic mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Steinberg ◽  
M. Lima ◽  
N.L. Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
A. Miyoshi ◽  
J.R. Nicoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Intestinal Colonisation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Intragastric Gavage

The effect of intestinal colonisation on the immune system was investigated in germ-free mice monoassociated with Lactobacillus strains isolated from calf faeces. Single doses of Lactobacillus acidophilus L36 or Lactobacillus salivarius L38 were administered to germ-free mice by intragastric gavage. Ten days later, the mice were euthanised. Gene expression levels of interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12b, IL-17a, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were quantified in segments of the small and large intestines by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All the mice were colonised rapidly after Lactobacillus administration with intestinal counts ranging from 6.53 to 8.26 log cfu/g. L. acidophilus L36 administration increased the expression of cytokines involved with the Th2 (IL-5, IL-6 and TGF-β1) and Th17 (IL-17a, TNF-α and IL-6) inflammatory response, whereas L. salivarius L38 appeared to stimulate a pattern of less diversified cytokines in the intestine. Intragastric gavage of L. acidophilus L36 and L. salivarius L38 induced similar levels of colonisation in the digestive tracts of germ-free mice but stimulated different immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. The different immunomodulation patterns might facilitate the potential use of these lactobacilli as probiotics to treat distinct pathological conditions, for example protection against Citrobacter rodentium infection by stimulating IL-17 production.

Maternal Sodium Valproate Exposure Alters NeuroendocrineCytokines and Oxido-inflammatory Axes in Neonatal Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama A-G ◽  
El-bakry AM ◽  
Rasha EH ◽  
Ahmed RG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor

Objective: he aim of the study was to determine the influence of maternal sodium valproate (SVP) on neonatal neuroendocrine (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HPA)-cytokines and oxido-inflammatory axes. Methods: Pregnant rats (Rattus norvegicus) were orally administered (by gavage) SVP (50 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 8 to lactation day (LD) 21. Results: The elevation in serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels was highly significant at postnatal days (PNDs) 14 and 21 in both dams and neonates of the maternal SVPtreated group relative to those in the control group. However, hypercortisolism (cortisolemia) was highly significant in neonates at both PNDs 14 and 21 while in dams, it was not significantly increased at LD 14 but was at LD 21. This disruption caused adverse effects on maternal food consumption and maternal/neonatal body weight. The maternal SVP treatment resulted in higher levels of neonatal serum adrenaline, noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y (NPY), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-4, IL-6 & IL-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lower levels of neonatal serum growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin at both PNDs. This administration also induced the oxidative stress in neonatal cerebrum and cerebellum at both tested PNDs via the production of free radicals (malondialdehyde; MDA & nitric oxide; NO) and reduction of antioxidant parameters (glutathione; GSH, superoxide dismutase; SOD & catalase; CAT). Conclusion: Maternal SVP treatment stimulated neonatal stress-brain (HPA) axis, resulted in an oxido-inflammatory state, and disrupted the neuroendocrine-cytokines axis, and generally neonatal health.

Amelioration of ovalbumin induced allergic symptoms in Balb/c mice by potentially probiotic strains of lactobacilli

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nawaz ◽  
C. Ma ◽  
M.A.R Basra ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Strains

To evaluate the antiallergic effect of newly characterised probiotic strains, Lactobacillus fermentum NWS29, Lactobacillus casei NWP08 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NWP13, mice were divided into six experimental groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), NWS29, NWP08, NWP13 and L. rhamnosus GG (LGG). Mice were immunised and probiotics were administered via oral gavage followed by challenge with OVA. After last challenge with OVA, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), recruitment of inflammatory cells in airways and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum were determined by Giemsa, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and ELISA, respectively. Relative mRNA expression of interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in lung and spleen tissue was determined by real time RT-PCR. OVA-specific IgE levels, recruitment of eosinophils and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines were remarkably increased in OVA-exposed mice compared with the control group. Administration of NWS29 and NWP13 suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in airways and BALF, and level of OVA-specific IgE in serum of OVA-exposed mice. Furthermore, NWS29 and NWP13 also abrogated the mRNA expression of 1L-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TGF-β in mice immunised and exposed to OVA. Our findings suggest that NWS29 and NWP13 might be good candidates for the prevention of allergic airway inflammation.

PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism, cytokine levels and their relations with metabolic parameters in obese children

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (02) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammer Yuce ◽  
Ayse Yazici ◽  
Hasibe Verdi ◽  
F. Belgin Ataç ◽  
Sibel Kinik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryObesity is associated with the changes of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) levels. However, the precise effect of the 4G allele on obesity is still contradictory. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene on the PAI-1 level and determine the associations between cytokines, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters in obese children. Thirty-nine obese children (mean age 11.4 ± 3.3 years) and 38 age-matched healthy control group (mean age 10.3 ± 3.5 years) were included in the study. In all cases, serum levels of glucose, lipid and insulin were measured, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) was calculated, and 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene, plasma PAI-1 level and serum TNFα and TGFβ levels were studied. The mean relative body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR score, VLDL,TG, insulin, PAI-1,TNFα levels were higher, and HDL and TGFβ levels were lower in the obese group. The frequency of the 4G/4G genotype was considerably higher in obese children than in controls. Also, a positive correlation was found between PAI-1 and TNFα levels, and relative BMI, HOMA-IR score, insulin,TG, HDL levels. TGFβ was inversely correlated only with relative BMI. There was no correlation among three cytokines. In conclusion, childhood obesity contributes to higher PAI-1 andTNFα and lowerTGFβ levels. Especially PAI-1 andTNFα accompany insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Characterization of Lactobacillus species proposed as probiotics

10.5219/1479 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Saad Sabah Fakhry ◽  
Farqad Abdullah Rashid ◽  
Maha Muhamaed Khudiar ◽  
Lubna Ayad Ismail ◽  
Sarah Khattab Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Vitro Analysis

An isolated Lactobacillus from several various sources were identified depending on morphological, microscopically and biochemical tests in vitro analysis of probiotic properties that included: an ability to tolerate in different concentration of bile salt, survival in acidic conditions, their antimicrobial activity, and S-layer characterizations were carried out. It was noticed that isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii have a broad activity of antimicrobial and found the isolate L. rhamnosus represented with a survival percentage 6.9% at pH 4.5 and 5.1% at pH 2.0) also L. rhamnosus (5.7% at pH 4.5 and 4.9% at pH 2.0) tolerated acidic media, Lactobacillus spp. has antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive and negative tested isolates. 70 kDa of S-layer protein bands were detected with whole-cell SDS-PAGE analysis, and it's predominant in cells of isolates which grown in MRS broth anaerobically. It was noticed that the collected Lactobacillus isolates could be used as probiotic.

Genetic Modifiers of Cerebrovascular Large Vessel Stenosis in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1658-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catherine Driscoll ◽  
Joseph Devaney ◽  
Heather Gordish ◽  
Caterina Minniti ◽  
Eric P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Vessel Stenosis

Abstract Cerebrovascular disease is a common complication in sickle cell anemia (SCA) with overt stroke occuring in 10% of patients and silent stroke in 24% of patients by age 20 years. Etiologies of overt stroke in SCA are heterogenous and include stenosis of large arteries, hemorrhage, hypertensive and hypoxic encephalopathy. Candidate genes identified as possible modifiers of overt stroke in SCA include adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9, rs731471 intron C/T), endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1, rs212527, intron A/G), Klotho (KL, rs480780, intron C/A), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, rs1799768, − 675 4/5,), transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3, rs284157, intron G/A), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF, rs1800629,-308 G/A), and interlukin 4 receptor (IL4R, rs1805015, 503S/P). We examined the association of these candidate genes in a cohort of patients with SCA and stenosis of large cerebral vessels who are followed at a single institution. Patients with stenosis (n = 42, male = 22) were identified as having overt stroke (n = 29) or positive transcranial Doppler (TCD) (n = 13). The mean age at time of stroke or (+) TCD was 7.8 years. All had large vessel stenosis on magnetic resonance angiogram imaging (MRA). A control group of patients with SCA and normal TCD were identified (n = 71, males = 46, mean age = 14.8 years).This control group has passed through the peak years of stroke risk, ages 2–10 years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotypic using novel Taqman assays. Genotypic associations were determined using logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals, and p-values reported. Among the candidate genes only ADYC9 (OR = 2.75, CI 1.2–6.3, p = 0.017) and TGFBR3 (OR = 2.33, CI 1.0–5.3, p = 0.043) had significant association with stenosis of large vessels in SCA. ADYC9 is a membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes cAMP formation, which is critical for neuronal signaling and survival. TGFBR3 has a role in cardiac endothelial cell transformation to mesenchyme. Genotypic studies of a complex trait such as stroke in SCA will eventually lead to early diagnosis and new or early interventions. However, such genetic studies require clear definitions of phenotypic subtypes based on neuroimaging studies, including MRA.

scholarly journals Serum levels of inflammatory mediators as prognostic biomarker in silica exposed workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jesús Blanco-Pérez ◽  
Sara Blanco-Dorado ◽  
Javier Rodríguez-García ◽  
Mª Elena Gonzalez-Bello ◽  
Ángel Salgado-Barreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

AbstractSilicosis is a diffuse interstitial lung disease caused by sustained inhalation of silica and silicates. Several cytokines are activated by their inhalation and can mediate the process of pulmonary fibrosis. The identification of biomarkers could allow an early diagnosis before the development of radiological alterations and help monitor the evolution of patients. The objetive of this study was to determine the clinical significance of specific biomarkers, to estimate their association with the development, severity and/or progression of silicosis, and identify determinants of this evolution. We conducted a prospective observational study in patients attending the pulmonology clinic from 2009 to 2018. Serum levels of the following inflammatory mediators were assessed: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2R) interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin in subjects exposed to silica, with and without silicosis. Association between those inflammatory mediators with lung function measurements and radiological severity of disease and their impact on prognosis were analysed. 337 exposed to silica (278 with silicosis) and 30 subjects in the control group were included. IL-8, α1AT, ferritin, CRP and LDH levels were higher in silicosis than in those exposed to silica without silicosis. IL-8, LDH and AAT levels were associated with progression of silicosis and IL-6, IL-8, LDH, AAT, ferritin, and CRP with vital status. The results of the ROC analysis indicated the potential of IL-8 as a biomarker in the presence of silicosis and for the prediction of mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Transforming Growth Factor β Release by Polarized Rat Uterine Epithelial Cells in Culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1866-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardi A. Crane-Godreau ◽  
Charles R. Wira
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Entry of bacteria from the vagina into the uterus raises the question of uterine epithelial cell (UEC) signaling in response to the presence of bacteria. Our model system helps to define microbially elicited UEC basolateral cytokine release, important in regulating underlying stromal immune cell protection. UECs from adult rats were grown in cell culture inserts to establish a confluent polarized monolayer as was determined by transepithelial resistance (TER). Polarized epithelial cell cultures were treated apically with live or heat-killed Escherichia coli or Lactobacillus rhamnosus prior to collection of basolateral media after 24 h of incubation. Coculture of polarized UECs with live E. coli had no effect on epithelial cell TER. In response to exposure to live E. coli, epithelial cell basolateral release of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (MIP3α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased at a time when basolateral release of biologically active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) decreased. Incubation of UECs with heat-killed E. coli resulted in an increased basolateral release of MIP3α and TNF-α, without affecting TER or TGF-β. In contrast to E. coli, live or heat-killed L. rhamnosus had no effect on TER or cytokine release. These studies indicate that polarized rat UECs respond to gram-negative E. coli by releasing the cytokines MIP3α and TNF-α, signals important to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These findings suggest that UEC responses to bacteria are selective and important in initiating and regulating immune protection in the female reproductive tract.

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