scholarly journals Electric vehicle battery reuse: Preparing for a second life

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluc Canals Casals ◽  
Beatriz Amante García ◽  
Lázaro V. Cremades
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Second Life ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Vehicle Market

Purpose: On pursue of economic revenue, the second life of electric vehicle batteries is closer to reality. Common electric vehicles reach the end of life when batteries loss between a 20 or 30% of its capacity. However, battery technology is evolving fast and the next generation of electric vehicles will have between 300 and 400 km range. This study will analyze different End of Life scenarios according to battery capacity and their possible second life’s opportunities. Additionally, an analysis of the electric vehicle market will define possible locations for battery repurposing or remanufacturing plants.Design/methodology/approach: Calculating the barycenter of the electric vehicle market offers an optimal location to settle the battery repurposing plant from a logistic and environmental perspective.This paper presents several possible applications and remanufacture processes of EV batteries according to the state of health after their collection, analyzing both the direct reuse of the battery and the module dismantling strategy.Findings: The study presents that Netherlands is the best location for installing a battery repurposing plant because of its closeness to EV manufacturers and the potential European EV markets, observing a strong relation between the EV market share and the income per capita.15% of the batteries may be send back to the an EV as a reposition battery, 60% will be prepared for stationary or high capacity installations such as grid services, residential use, Hybrid trucks or electric boats, and finally, the remaining 25% is to be dismantled into modules or cells for smaller applications, such as bicycles or assisting robots.Originality/value: Most of studies related to the EV battery reuse take for granted that they will all have an 80% of its capacity. This study analyzes and proposes a distribution of battery reception and presents different 2nd life alternatives according to their state of health.

scholarly journals Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-871
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wellings ◽  
David Greenwood ◽  
Stuart R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

scholarly journals Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V.K Bupesh Raja ◽  
Ignatius Raja ◽  
Rahul Kavvampally
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Compact Design

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the End-of-Life of Electric Vehicle Batteries According to the State-of-Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casals ◽  
Rodríguez ◽  
Corchero ◽  
Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Battery Degradation ◽  
Daily Trip

As a result of monitoring thousands of electric vehicle charges around Europe, this study builds statistical distributions that model the amount of energy necessary for trips between charges, showing that most of trips are within the range of electric vehicle even when the battery degradation reaches the end-of-life, commonly accepted to be 80% State of Health. According to these results, this study analyses how far this End-of-Life can be pushed forward using statistical methods and indicating the provability of failing to fulfill the electric vehicle (EV) owners’ daily trip needs.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. A. Kolmogorov ◽  
I, I. Troshko ◽  
I. V. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

This study will present a study on the impact of electric vehicles on Russia’s urban infrastructure. In the course of studying this issue, the current state of the electric vehicle market, the factors contributing to its development, and the specifics of the impact of this market on Russia’s urban infrastructure will be examined.

scholarly journals Analysis of the electric vehicle market and the company’s competitive development strategy on it (on the example of “Faraday Future”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Natalia Reshetko ◽  
Sergey Vakulenko ◽  
Diana Kakhrimanova ◽  
Vladimir Belozerov ◽  
Jozef Gašparík
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Vehicle Market

Today, an unusual mode of transport, namely an electric vehicle, increasingly be seen on highways and traffic jams. The demand for such a trendy wild is constantly increasing. In addition, it is not surprising, because there are plenty of reasons for it. Due to the economic crisis, the increase in the price of gasoline and oil, many began to wonder whether to buy the usual car for us and further save and purchase an environmentally friendly product. By 2020, more than 120 different models of electric vehicles will be on the market. These are great machines. The internal combustion engine against their background will look old-fashioned. The purpose of this work is to analyze the current activity of the company and offer to develop a real-world marketing model based on the requirements of the modern market. Faraday Future, an electric machine company with progressive growth rates, chosen as the subject of the study. The article is relevant and useful to all interested electric vehicles, entrepreneurs and other interested persons.

scholarly journals Marketing analysis of the electromobile market as a factor in the innovation of the national economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Bolhov ◽  
Allam Yousuf ◽  
Albina Batechko ◽  
Larisa Hlushchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Market

The marketing development of the electric vehicle market can be considered as a key element of innovative changes in the national economy. Object of research is the development of the electric vehicle market. The purpose of this article is the theoretical substantiation and development of guidelines for determining the rating of countries by the level of development of this market as a determining factor in the innovative development of the national economy. In the study, expert survey methods, logical generalization and comparison of results, statistical analysis and graphical presentation of results were used. The study conducted a marketing analysis of sales and production of electric cars, government programs to stimulate them, existing rating indicators of countries for the development of the electric vehicle market, and based on the results, a method for determining the integrated rating indicator of national economy innovativeness was developed. The article established that in countries that are world economic leaders, the growing interest of consumers and manufacturers of cars to electric vehicles, which is actively supported by government programs and incentives. It is proposed to use a integrated indicator of innovative development of the national economy, which are directly related to the market of electric vehicles. This indicator consists of the following factors: share of investments in the development of branches related to the national production of electric vehicles; level of growth of electric transport in the country’s total fleet; the share of electric vehicles in total number of cars produced in the country; level of increase in the amount of electricity produced based on RES in total; infrastructure development; level of state support for the market. The use of these integrated factors in marketing analysis will determine the level of the world leader in the country, its innovative development.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the E-Vehicle Industry and its Path Towards Setting up Dominance in Automobile Industry - A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Anantha Murthy ◽  
Nethravathi P. S.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Government Legislation

Background/Purpose: The electric vehicle (EV) has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the twenty-first century as a green travel tool, leading to a series of in-depth studies. With the advancement of high-capacity batteries and electric vehicles, the value of electric vehicles will skyrocket, posing new problems to the power grid's safe and stable operation. This article briefly discusses a certain area of electric vehicles, such as government legislation, employability options, market trends, problems, and solutions to connected issues. Objective: The growth of the vehicle industry and its progress toward the government of India's "Make in India" mission for electric vehicles, as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan to set up dominance in the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach: Presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and analysis using the SWOC framework. Findings/Results: Based on the analysis of facts and figures and also by looking at the various scenarios of expansion of the electric vehicle industry in India, it is seen that this industry has seen considerable growth and progress in various avenues such as creating employment opportunities and country's economy. Few recommendations are also suggested to take the concept further. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to the electric vehicle industry, though a total of 25 Industry sectors have been identified under ‘Make in India’. Originality/Value: This paper focuses on the growth of the electric vehicle industry and the factors that helped towards making ‘Make in India’ a reality. It also talks about the support given by Government to achieve the same. Paper Type: A Research Case study paper on the growth and dominance of the electric vehicle Industry and realization of the ‘Make in India’ concept.

Analysis in Power Battery Gradient Utilization of Electric Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
Dan Ming Cheng ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Cheng Gang Du ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Storage Technology ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicle Battery ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Battery Energy

Currently the high cost and battery cycle life of lithium are the main limitations of commercial developing of electric vehicles, the chemical battery energy storage technology is also facing battery performance and cost issues. the current development of electric vehicle battery technology was analyzed, the magnificance and the value of electric vehicle battery gradient utilization are proposed, the application in different applications field of gradient utilization of electric vehicle battery was analyzed, in the end, this paper concluded that the battery gradient utilization technology will enable the electric vehicles and energy storage to generate new value chain.

Optimal battery capacity for an electric-vehicle-sharing-model in the People’s Republic of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Runlin Yan ◽  
Gangzhan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Daily Travel Distance ◽  
Daily Travel

A project on electric vehicle sharing has been previously carried out as a demonstration operation in Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen in the People’s Republic of China. The high initial investment caused by the high cost of batteries limits commercialization of an electric-vehicle-sharing model. Therefore, a key problem that the operators must solve is to choose the appropriate battery capacity for shared electric vehicles based on different urban driving cycles. Based on three new energy vehicles (i.e. electric vehicles) for demonstration cities of different scales as represented by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei, a whole-life-cycle evaluation model of economic benefits for shared battery electric vehicles was established in this paper. The optimal battery capacity for different substitution rates was calculated using MATLAB software. Then, the influences that the substitution rate, the urban driving cycle, the average daily travel distance, the service price, the charging price, the battery (cycle) life, the battery pack cost and the government subsidy have on the optimal battery capacity in the life-cycle economic benefit model was explained. Suggestions for the optimal battery capacity are provided for operators in different cities. The results indicate that the purchasing cost, the energy consumption cost and the battery depreciation cost are the three main components of the life-cycle cost, which account for more than 80%. The average daily travel distance and the local government subsidy affect the optimal battery capacity only for certain substitution rates. The life-cycle economic benefits of one shared electric vehicle is found to have the most influence on the service price. This paper suggests that shared battery electric vehicles with different battery sizes of 44.5 kW h, 34.9 kW h and 36.96 kW h are suitable for use in metropolitan cities, in large-sized to medium-sized cities and in medium-sized to small-sized cities respectively, as represented correspondingly by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei.

Development of a software platform for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle simulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Karlis ◽  
Eric Bibeau ◽  
Paul Zanetel ◽  
Zelon Lye
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
Hybrid Electric

AbstractElectricity use for transportation has had limited applications because of battery storage range issues, although many recent successful demonstrations of electric vehicles have been achieved. Renewable biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol also contribute only a small percentage of the overall energy mix for mobility. Recent advances in hybrid technologies have significantly increased vehicle efficiencies. More importantly, hybridization now allows a significant reduction in battery capacity requirements compared to pure electric vehicles, allowing electricity to be used in the overall energy mix in the transportation sector. This paper presents an effort made to develop a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) platform that can act as a comprehensive alternative energy vehicle simulator. Its goal is to help in solving the pressing needs of the transportation sector, both in terms of contributing data to aid policy decisions for reducing fossil fuel use, and to support research in this important area. The Simulator will allow analysing different vehicle configurations, and control strategies with regards to renewable and non-renewable fuel and electricity sources. The simulation platform models the fundamental aspects of PHEV components, that is, process control, heat transfer, chemical reactions, thermodynamics and fluid properties. The outcomes of the Simulator are: (i) determining the optimal combination of fuels and grid electricity use, (ii) performing greenhouse gas calculations based on emerging protocols being developed, and (iii) optimizing the efficient and proper use of renewable energy sources in a carbon constrained world.

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