Anthropo-Sociological Approach of the Criminology and Applied Victimology

2010 ◽  
pp. 156-176
Author(s):  
Rosaria Romano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Social Disorder ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
News Broadcasts ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Chinese Citizen

Criminology attempts to explain the causes of crime using two different approaches: the anthropological and the sociological. The anthropological approach focuses on man as the author of crime, and seeks to determine the physical, psychological, motivational, and psychosocial factors, that may have led to the criminal conduct. The sociological approach, on the other hand looks at the macro social factors influencing the insurgence of crime. The problem of social control, namely the way in which a society is able to integrate individuals around a single coherent system of customs, traditions and norms, and thus guarantee community security is connected to the concept of social disorder. The concept of social disorder is also linked to that of marginality, characteristic of the immigrant condition: the loss of cultural roots and the lack of integration in the new cultural context places immigrants in the margins of society. Instances of social problems resulting were reported news broadcasts of events occurring towards the end of 2008 in Italy which suddenly brought to light a series of similar events, evidencing ever more frequent occurrences of racism and xenophobia. These episodes spoke for themselves. Evident as the light of day, it was no longer easy to conceal their true matrix. From the homicide of a Milan boy (from http://www.rainews24.rai.it/notizia.asp?newsid=85897) who had allegedly stolen a packet of biscuits, to the homicides of Castel Volturno immigrants (Castel Volturno is a Southern Italian little city) (from http://www.corriere.it/cronache/08_settembre_19/rivolta_castelvolturno_immigrati_de6698dc-8635-11dd-bef9-00144f02aabc.shtml), the violent Parma bashings, the injuries sustained by a young man from Ghana, and to those in Rome against a Chinese citizen. But this is not the end of the story. This study will analyze the Abba’s homicide. Abba was a young man, an Italian citizen, and the son of Burkina Faso immigrants with Italian citizenship; he was born and grown up in Milan. The theoretical premises on which this case is based are those reported in victimology literature, it has been chosen for it’s similarity to other cases of xenophobia and because it brings new insights to present notions existing within criminology and applied victimology, (such as concepts of social disorder and social fear), and as such constitutes a significant contribution to this field of study.

The Role of Architecture on Tourism Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
Murat Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Global Economics

This chapter aims to shed light on the nature of architecture, its technological and cultural ramifications on tourism industry. It elucidates the background of issues regarding the interaction between the fields of cultural production (architecture) and cultural consumption (tourism). The chapter argues that power of tourism industry has reached, under the pressure of global economics, to a capacity to turn even daily architecture into instruments of touristic show. In this context, technology is utilized as an instrument to produce such iconography only as a surface articulation. Thus, architecture becomes a commodity of touristic consumption in this current socio-economic and cultural context. The pressure of tourism industry seems to create a significant split between the architecture and its location in terms of specific cultural roots. This tendency is discussed as a potential threat to sustainability of tourism industry itself since it damages its own very source, that is to say, richness of cultural differences.

Individual socialization or polito-cultural context? The cultural roots of volunteering in Switzerland

Acta Politica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen ◽  
Birte Gundelach
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Roots

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Hukou Status, Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, and Fear of Crime in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9614
Author(s):  
Fengrui Jing ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Suhong Zhou ◽  
Guangwen Song
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Disorder ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Relationship

Fear of crime can lead to lower satisfaction with life and subjective well-being. The indicators of fear of crime vary from the social and cultural context, and the hukou (household registration) status causes unequal rights between local hukou and non-local hukou residents in China. To improve people’s perception of safety, this study takes hukou as an indicator of social vulnerability and examines the relationship between hukou, perceived neighborhood conditions, and fear of crime in China. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the 1727 residents garnered from the 2016 Project on Public Safety in Guangzhou Neighborhoods (PPSGN) in Guangzhou, China. The results show that women, victimization experience, physical and social disorder, and neighborhood policing are associated with residents’ fear of crime. Although hukou status has no statistically significant effect on fear of crime, hukou status significantly moderates the influence of perceived neighborhood conditions on fear of crime. That is, perceived neighborhood conditions’ effects on fear are conditional on one’s hukou status: non-local hukou, perception of the social disorder has more of the detrimental effect on fear, and perception of social integration has less of the helpful effect on fear. In sum, this study adds to the international literature by revealing the conditional effect of the hukou on fear in a Chinese city.

The effect of education based on PEN-3 cultural model on students' menstrual health behaviors: a mixed method study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Mohammadinia ◽  
Mohammad Ali Rezaei ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Nastaran Heydarikhayat
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Menstruation is a natural process in girls, but sometimes it is accompanied by beliefs and behaviors with cultural roots that result in poor health consequences; this study aimed to consider perceptions of individual, families and community to current cultural beliefs, and to determine the effect of education based on the PEN-3 cultural model on students' menstrual health behaviors in Iran. Study had a mixed method design. In the qualitative phase, data were collected from students, their mothers and teachers through focused group discussion and in-depth interviews. In the quantitative phase, training was done in four 2-h sessions for intervention group. The data were collected immediately and 2 months after the training by a questionnaire and they were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. Training was effective on all of the model structures and significantly increased mean score of the health behavior after training and 2 months later by 8.74 and 13.86, respectively, in intervention group (P<0.05). The perception and behavior of the others and access to sanitary services and products, especially cultural factors affect girls’' menstrual health behaviors, therefore, it is necessary to design the health plans regarding each of these factors, and the cultural context of each community.

Witchcraft Practices and Psychocultural Therapy with Urban U. S. Families

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Leininger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Know How ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Receive Treatment

Reports of an increase in witchcraft manifestations in the United States have given rise to the need for mental health staffs who can understand witchcraft behavior, beliefs, practices, and some of the dynamic factors influencing the occurrence of this phenomenon. Currently, witchcraft victims are being admitted to mental health clinics and hospitals, but often the staff may not be aware of witchcraft behavior or its significance, and may not know how to help the victims. Consequently, witchcraft victims may not be helped at all or may receive treatment which aggravates the condition. Witchcraft as an expression of psychological, social-cultural norm stresses must be understood within the victim's cultural context. This paper describes an empirically derived psychocultural framework which was used as a guide in helping the witchcraft victims.

scholarly journals Methodology for predictive socio-cultural design

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladlenovich Kamenets ◽  
Natalia Ivanovna Anufrieva ◽  
Eugeny Alexandrovich Anufriev ◽  
Elena Ivanovna Grigorieva ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Batishchev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Cultural Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Sphere

This article examines the main methodological provisions for the theory and practice of predictive socio-cultural design. The article examines the main problems, which the developers of projects in the socio-cultural sphere are facing; emphasizes the communicative content and project activities focus; analyses the achievements of the Russian school of predictive social design initiated by T.M. Dridze and their significance for modern design practice. The theoretical and activity-related, as well as systematic and situational analyses of project activity in terms of the social interaction paradigm are considered to be the initial methodological requirements. The social levels of this interaction and the corresponding strategies for project activities are of particular attention. The leading role of the cultural content and the cultural context of predictive socio-cultural design is highlighted in the critical analysis of the project experience accumulated during the autonomous sociological approach and social engineering, which remain insufficiently effective in their development and implementation.

The Role of Architecture on Tourism Industry

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Murat Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Global Economics

This chapter aims to shed light on the nature of architecture, its technological and cultural ramifications on tourism industry. It elucidates the background of issues regarding the interaction between the fields of cultural production (architecture) and cultural consumption (tourism). The chapter argues that power of tourism industry has reached, under the pressure of global economics, to a capacity to turn even daily architecture into instruments of touristic show. In this context, technology is utilized as an instrument to produce such iconography only as a surface articulation. Thus, architecture becomes a commodity of touristic consumption in this current socio-economic and cultural context. The pressure of tourism industry seems to create a significant split between the architecture and its location in terms of specific cultural roots. This tendency is discussed as a potential threat to sustainability of tourism industry itself since it damages its own very source, that is to say, richness of cultural differences.

scholarly journals Kultūras ietekmes kriminoloģiskie aspekti: ieskats kultūras kriminoloģijā

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Aldona Kipāne ◽  
Andrejs Vilks
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Cultural Criminology ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
The Impact

Mūsdienu kriminoloģija ir izteikti dinamiska un inovatīva zinātne, un savas izziņas lokā tā ietver aizvien jaunas jomas un virzienus. Kultūras kriminoloģija iezīmē jaunas īpašas perspektīvas, kā arī plašāku ievirzi, kas pēdējos gados parādījusies noziedzības un citu pretsabiedrisku parādību un to nosakošo faktoru izziņā. Kultūras kriminoloģijai ir teorētiska un praktiska nozīme noziedzības fenomena izpētē un jaunu pieeju konstruēšanā tās novēršanā. Noziedzība un noziedzības novēršanas subjekti var tikt uzskatīti arī par kultūras elementiem. Mūsdienu civilizācijā dažādās valstīs esošā kultūra, uzskati, paražas, reliģija un vērtības veido mūsdienu daudzveidīgo pasauli, kā arī eskalē kultūras konfliktus, turklāt var būt viens no faktoriem, kas nosaka kriminalitāti. Pašlaik ASV un daudzās citās valstīs notiek vandalisma akti, protesti, nemieri, masu nekārtības. Tas ir pietiekami jauns fenomens, kuram ir kulturoloģiskas, politiskas un kriminoloģiskas iezīmes. Tradicionālie kultūras un vēstures simboli tiek barbariski iznīcināti. Represīvi pasākumi un atbildība par vandalisma aktiem ir rets izpausmes veids. Kultūrvērtības var iegūt jaunu sabiedrisko vērtējumu ar kriminogēnu kontekstu. The concept of cultural criminology refers to both specific perspectives and broader trends that have emerged in criminology in recent years. The authors agree that cultural criminology is a theoretical and practical approach to cognition and prevention of the phenomenon of crime. Both crime and crime prevention are considered to be cultural elements. According to the authors, crime and crime prevention are influenced by the meanings given by culture. Cultural criminology reflects the developed perspective, which intertwines specific intellectual threads to explore the fusion of cultural and criminal processes in modern social life. The question remains whether we in Latvia are ready for the development of a new sub-branch of criminology, cultural criminology. Cultural criminology has a critical perspective that explores the fusion of culture and crime in everyday public life. Cultural criminology as an orientation is based on a variety of theoretical traditions, including subcultural and interactionist theories, cultural and media studies, and postmodern and feminist approaches. Cultural criminologists use a variety of methodologies, including ethnography and textual analysis, to study crime as culture and culture as crime. Crime as culture focuses on common meanings of subcultural style and rituals between subcultural groups, while culture as crime explores mediation structures and criminal liability of popular cultural artefacts. In different situations, culture, its elements and forms can be qualified as causes of crime and can act as contributing factors to crime. Therefore, in order to better understand the role of culture in the criminological detection system, it is necessary to identify cultural elements and operating models that not only contribute to crime, but also reduce it. Thus, it is important to discover both the criminogenic and the antichriminogenic potential of culture. Cultural criminology is the control of crime in a cultural context, it is the activity of crime prevention agents, the influence of society and cultural products – as creative constructs. The nature and content of the information forming the cultural environment, the mechanisms that ensure its operation and determine the nature of cultural processes, the impact of culture on the nature of crime.

scholarly journals Understanding of Reward Prize Hadiths In Indonesia (Comparative Study of the Ahmad Hassan and Siradjuddin Abbas Methods)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Rozian Karnedi ◽  
Dudung Abdurahman ◽  
Muhammad Alfatih Suryadilaga
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Old People ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Religious Understanding

This article explored the differences between Ahmad Hassan and Siradjuddin Abbas understanding on reward prize hadith, the methods used and the factors influencing differences. As a cadre of the two competing groups, these two scholars formulated an understanding of the reward of hadith to legitimize the understanding of each group.The results of the study found that Ahmad Hassan viewed that reward prize hadith contrary to al-Qur’an and rejected all methods of resolution. So this hadithwas a da’if quality and Mardud status. Besides, Siradjuddin Abbas looked at the reward prize hadith wasṣaḥiḥ quality and maqbūl status using a correlative approach. Understanding rewards prize hadith by Ahmad Hassan and Siradjuddin Abbas disputed of religious understanding between the Young People and the Old People and influenced the socio-cultural context of the mid-XX century

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