Emerging Contaminants in Landfill Leachate and Their Treatment Methods

This chapter presents an overview of emerging contaminants in landfill leachate and their treatment methods. In addition to introducing the conventional contaminants present in the leachate, the chapter also details emerging contaminants such as poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their concentrations in various environmental matrices. PAHs and PAEs are highly carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances which is why they have attracted a lot of concern in the studies of water, air, and soil pollution. They affect the endocrinal activities in animals and humans, therefore they are known as endocrine disrupting compounds. Drawing on the treatment methods of leachate, the chapter explains physico-chemical, biological, and advanced oxidation processes. The chapter also advances the discussion on their importance and efficiency in the leachate treatment.

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Integrated Leachate Treatment Technology

Waste Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 204-220

Author(s):

Zawawi Daud ◽

Halizah Awang

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Pre Treatment

In this chapter, the performance of combined treatment of municipal landfill leachate is reviewed. Although individual physico-chemical treatments are suitable for the removal of heavy metals and hydrolyzation of some organic compounds, a combination of two physico-chemical treatments or physico-chemical and biological is required for optimum treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. A combination of two physico-chemical treatments can give optimum results in removal of recalcitrant organic compounds from stabilized leachate, as reflected by a significant decrease of the COD values after treatment. On the other hand, a combination of physico-chemical and biological treatments is required to achieve effective removal of NH3-N and COD with a substantial amount of biodegradable organic matter. In many cases, physico-chemical treatments are suitable for pre-treatment of stabilized leachate. The objective of this paper is to highlight various types of integrated leachate treatments as it has been difficult to get optimum efficiency from single approached treatment.

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Development of magnetic nano-geocomposite for groundwater and leachate treatment: A Landfill Management Perspective

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22425 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nivedita Pradhan ◽

Manish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Emerging Contaminants ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Future Research ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Landfill Management ◽

Physical And Chemical

<ul>Landfill leachate, a highly contaminated percolating effluent can cause a considerable threat to human as well as environmental health. We developed a novel nano composite using the polymer encapsulated magnetic geopolymer for efficient removal of multi contaminants (As, Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, F, NO 3 - , and PO 4 3- ) present in the landfill leachate and groundwater of the Pirana solid waste dumping site, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. A series of batch and column sorption experiments were carried out to find the best-operating conditions for optimum removal efficiency. Results revealed that in the range of 50-60% of multi-contaminant removal is possible using the newly developed adsorbent which has high surface area as well as mixed functional groups for the removal of both cationic (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb) and anionic (F, NO 3 - , and PO 4 3- ) contaminants present in the leachate. Batch study shows that both physical and chemical sorption are equally operational and multilayer removal following the Freundlich isotherms predominantly. The batch test mimics the equilibrium condition only. The study recommends column study under different follow conditions using leachate and groundwater, followed by a regeneration study for its reusability and development of the field implementation schemes. The future research is required to address the decontamination of emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals, pesticides and fertilizers, industrial additives and antibacterial agents.</ul>

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Research trends on emerging environment pollutants – a review

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2015-0151 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

I. Rykowska ◽

W. Wasiak

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Emerging Contaminants ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽

Research Trends ◽

Multicomponent Mixtures ◽

Groundwater Contaminants ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

AbstractConcern for the natural environment increasingly devotes more attention to growing potential hazards resulting from the release of various substances. Currently, one of the main problems associated with environmental pollution is the derivation of organic compounds from wastewater. Substances derived from sewage leaks into the environment in the form of a multicomponent mixtures often enhances the toxic effects caused by these compounds. While analyzing the reports in the literature of the last two decades it can be seen that substantial efforts are devoted to the determination of selected trace contaminants present in wastewater. Among the most marked there are endocrine disrupting compounds, residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, plastics and sunscreens. Recently, a new group of compounds joined the aforementioned contaminants, namely drugs, whose legality and availability is increasing every year. Exposure to these type of compounds, named in the literature as emerging contaminants (ECs), involves, among others, such effects as hormonal imbalance, reduction of the survivability of aquatic organisms and reproductive problems. This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the natural environment in many countries all around the world.

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Occurrence and removal of endocrine disrupters in landfill leachate treatment plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0180 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

T. Wintgens ◽

M. Gallenkemper ◽

T. Melin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽

Membrane Bioreactors ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Carbon Adsorption

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. Industrial chemicals with estrogenic effects were detected in large quantities in landfill leachates. Membrane technology has proven to be an effective barrier to these substances and thus widely applied in the treatment of landfill leachate. The removal techniques under investigation are membrane bioreactors, nanofiltration, activated carbon adsorption, ozonation as well as reverse osmosis. Investigations were conducted at two different landfill leachate treatment plants with a variety of process configurations. The xenoestrogenic substances nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected in high μg/L-ranges in raw landfill leachate. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were capable of removing more than 80% of the nonylphenol load. Final effluent concentrations range between 1-12 μg/L nonylphenol and 3-30 μg/L bisphenol A respectively. Reverse osmosis treatment proved to be less effective in nonylphenol and bisphenol A removal than MBRs with further polishing stages like nanofiltration and activated carbon adsorption.

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Ozone treatment of organic micro-pollutants in sewage sludge

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.224 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (11) ◽

pp. 2923-2930 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Lahnsteiner ◽

R. Vranitzky

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽

Additional Benefit ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Micro Pollutants

Organic micro-pollutants accumulate to a certain extent in sewage sludge and are therefore ecologically relevant if the sludge is to be reused in both agriculture and landscaping applications. This paper describes the degradation of endocrine-disrupting compounds and other micro-contaminants by means of ozone and ultrasonic treatment. One of the findings is that, as expected, aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be degraded easily by ozone. Thus it could be shown that, apart from enhanced VSS reduction and increased biogas production, sludge disintegration processes using ozone provide an additional benefit, i.e. the degradation of micro-pollutants, which is practically unattainable with ultrasonic treatment.

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Landfill Leachate Treatment Methods and Its Potential for Ammonia Removal and Recovery - A Review

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1051/1/012064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1051 (1) ◽

pp. 012064

Author(s):

H Haslina ◽

J NorRuwaida ◽

M Dewika ◽

M Rashid ◽

Abd Halim Md Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Removal And Recovery

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Contemporary Techniques for Remediating Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Various Water Sources: Advances in Treatment Methods and Their Limitations

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13193229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 3229

Author(s):

Kamil Kayode Katibi ◽

Khairul Faezah Yunos ◽

Hasfalina Che Man ◽

Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽

Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Separation ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Research Findings ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Membrane Treatment

Over the years, the persistent occurrence of superfluous endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) (sub µg L−1) in water has led to serious health disorders in human and aquatic lives, as well as undermined the water quality. At present, there are no generally accepted regulatory discharge limits for the EDCs to avert their possible negative impacts. Moreover, the conventional treatment processes have reportedly failed to remove the persistent EDC pollutants, and this has led researchers to develop alternative treatment methods. Comprehensive information on the recent advances in the existing novel treatment processes and their peculiar limitations is still lacking. In this regard, the various treatment methods for the removal of EDCs are critically studied and reported in this paper. Initially, the occurrences of the EDCs and their attributed effects on humans, aquatic life, and wildlife are systematically reviewed, as well as the applied treatments. The most noticeable advances in the treatment methods include adsorption, catalytic degradation, ozonation, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), as well as hybrid processes. The recent advances in the treatment technologies available for the elimination of EDCs from various water resources alongside with their associated drawbacks are discussed critically. Besides, the application of hybrid adsorption–membrane treatment using several novel nano-precursors is carefully reviewed. The operating factors influencing the EDCs’ remediations via adsorption is also briefly examined. Interestingly, research findings have indicated that some of the contemporary techniques could achieve more than 99% EDCs removal.

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Assessing landfill leachate quality and leachate treatment efficiency using good sampling practices

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2003.020 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

Cecilia Öman ◽

Christian Junestedt

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

And Storage

A number of the compounds detected in landfill leachates have proved to be harmful to humans and to the natural environment. As a result, appropriate landfill leachate treatment methods must be developed, with the aim to reduce harmful concentrations of pollutants to levels which do not impose a threat to the natural environment. The complex nature of the leachates makes it difficult to select the most appropriate set of treatment methods for a specific landfill, and the actual efficiency of a treatment plant is measured in situ by comparing the quality of the water entering the plant with the quality of the water leaving the plant. The complex nature of the leachates puts high demands on the sampling, handling of sample before analyses, and analyses, as the character of the sample must not be altered. The demands increase with decreasing concentrations of the targeted compounds (µg/1 level or less). Despite this, no standard protocols for sampling and handling of leachate samples exist. The purpose of this study was to give examples of good sampling practices. Important aspects to consider during sampling and handling of samples are; i) sampling of nonhomogenized water bodies, ii) contamination, and iii) alterations of samples during collection and storage. It was found that a number of substances are enriched in the surface layer of a water body, why it was concluded that the surface layer is an important matrix to consider, both concerning the presence and the transport of harmful compounds. The risk of contamination during sampling was evaluated with the use of a field water blank, which was handled as a true water sample. It was found that despite careful handling contaminants were found at low concentrations (µg/1 level) in the field water blank, which indicated a severe risk of contamination during leachate sampling, handling of sample and/or analyses. Also in this study, the alteration of leachate samples during transport and storage was assessed. The results showed that preservation with 0.2 weight-% sodium azide immediately after sampling and storing at 48° C for a maximum of seven days in borosilicate glass bottles, resulted in the lowest loss of organic compounds from the samples. It has been evident since long that the reported character of sampled landfill leachates varies significantly. The variations can been assumed to sometimes origin from the sampling procedures used. In conclusion, the choice of sampling, transport, storage, and sample preparation before analyses is more crucial for the outcome of leachate characterisation studies than sometimes conceived.

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