Approach Towards Non-Invasive Blood Type Method by Studying Optical Properties of RBC Using Double Beam Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Rishi Nailesh Patel ◽  
Makvana Mohit Vallabhdas ◽  
Safina Sahil Suratwala ◽  
Himanshu A. Patel ◽  
Palak Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Photo Detectors ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Optimum Wavelength

In India, more than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day, and a total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year. Blood type matching is crucial for blood transfusion and blood donation. The conventional method uses blood slides, pricking needles, and blood typing kit, and takes about 15 minutes for deciding the blood group. However, in case of emergency, it is time-consuming to determine blood type using the conventional method of reagents. At blood donation camps, it is a tedious job to determine the blood group of every donor using the blood typing kit. Pricking needles and slides used can also cause infection to the person performing these tests. The main motive is to replace this tedious and time-consuming method with a non-invasive accurate and reagent free method, using an optimum wavelength light source, photo-detectors, and controller unit for decision making of blood type from output mapping or intensity matching of the scattered and transmitted wavelength from the source to detector.

scholarly journals Frequency of dog erythrocyte antigen 1 blood group and risk of incompatible transfusion in dogs of different breeds and mongrels from the city of Salvador - BA, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. e154865
Author(s):  
Suzana Cláudia Spínola dos Santos ◽  
Mariane Melo dos Santos ◽  
Wellington Francisco Rodrigues ◽  
Roberto Meyer ◽  
Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Erythrocyte Antigen ◽  
The City ◽  
Dog Erythrocyte ◽  
Group 1

The dog erythrocyte antigen 1 (DEA 1) is the most immunogenic blood group in dogs, and blood transfusions may trigger some undesirable effects in veterinary patients, which are directly associated with incompatible transfusions. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of positive DEA 1 blood group in blood donor dogs from a blood bank in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and also to calculate the risk of managing incompatible blood in both first and second transfusion. A number of 203 dogs of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years, weighing 28 kg, with no degree of kinship and of both sexes in Salvador - BA, Brazil were evaluated to investigate the blood type DEA 1 frequency, by means of chromatography and flow cytometry tests for blood typing. The risk of incompatible blood transfusion in either a first or a second transfusion was also calculated. The frequency of the DEA 1 group ranged from 0% to 100% in various breeds, but with a mean positivity of 62.07% (126/203). And the lowest risk of an DEA 1 negative animal receiving DEA 1 positive blood within the group of animals evaluated was 0.92% at a first transfusion; and the risk of the same animal receiving incompatible blood for the DEA group 1 in the second transfusion was 0.008%. The highest risk of an DEA 1 negative animal receiving DEA 1 positive blood from these animals was 69.12%; and the risk of receiving incompatible blood for DEA 1 was 47.77%. In conclusion, the frequency of the DEA 1 group varied between the studied breeds and the risk of incompatible blood transfusions varies according to donor and recipiente breeds, but this can be overridden if blood typing tests are performed along with the cross-reaction test for compatibility.

scholarly journals A Survey on Identification of Blood Group Types and its Hemoglobin Estimation Using Image Processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1034-1040
Author(s):  
Kanchan Prakash Pachghare ◽  
Dr. Sandeep V. Rode
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Current System ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Short Period

It is very crucial to determine human blood groups in an emergency situation. But according to current system, the detection procedure is very slow. At present, human blood groups are determined manually through plate test procedure. It consists of blood collection and mixing with specific reagents in order to determine the blood agglutination. Blood typing is system which basically used to detect specific blood group of human. Investigation of appropriate blood type within short interval of time plays vital role in blood transfusion, donation, accident and other emergency situations. Currently, blood typing tests are performed by technicians in laboratories. But it is monotonous to do with large number of blood samples, require more time to diagnosis and, as these tests carried out manually, it may introduce human error which will be harmful. Hemoglobin (Hb), a very significant parameter for the human body and deficiency of it causes anemia. During pregnancy, menstruation and ICU deficiency of it can be very risky and even caused death. So, it is important to diagnose it continuously. Usually, physicians examine it by conducting a blood test to confirm it is painful, time-consuming and costly. The major concept of this study is to screen Hb levels within a short period of time. This paper focused on recent advances in detection of blood group with hemoglobin, which can classify different blood group within short period of time with great accuracy and calculate its hemoglobin level.

scholarly journals Using red blood cell genomics in transfusion medicine

Hematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Blood types (blood group antigens) are heritable polymorphic antigenic molecules on the surface of blood cells. These were amongst the first human Mendelian traits identified, and the genetic basis of nearly all of the hundreds of blood types is known. Clinical laboratory methods have proven useful to identify selected blood group gene variants, and use of genetic blood type information is becoming widespread. However, the breadth and complexity of clinically relevant blood group genetic variation poses challenges. With recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, a more comprehensive DNA sequence-based genetic blood typing approach is now feasible. This chapter introduces the practitioner to high-resolution genetic blood typing beginning with an overview of the genetics of blood group antigens, the clinical problem of allosensitization, current blood type testing methods, and then discussion of next-generation sequencing and its application to the problem of genetic blood typing.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization for Incompatible Cross-Match Cases in the Feline AB Blood Group System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Uno ◽  
Masami Yaguchi ◽  
Tasuku Kobayashi ◽  
Eri Onozawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Ochiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Group System ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Incompatible Cross ◽  
Cross Matching

The feline AB blood group system (blood types A, B, and AB) encoding the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene is the most significant in transfusion medicine and hemolysis of the newborn for cats. Blood typing and cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing are crucial to determining blood compatibility and thus prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions. We here performed serological and genetic investigations to characterize blood samples from cats with discordant results for card agglutination (CARD) and the alloantibody agglutination test for blood typing in two cats (subjects K and R). Subject K showed incompatible cross-matching in pre-transfusion testing. Red blood cells from subjects K and R determined blood type B from the CARD method showed blood type AB by alloanti-A and alloanti-B antibodies in agglutination testing. Genomic DNA sequencing of the coding region (exons 1a to 14) for the cat CMAH gene showed that subject K had four mutations with heterozygosity at c.139C>T, c.179G>T, c.327A>C, and c.364C>T. Similarly, the CMAH gene of subject R carried six mutations with heterozygosity at c.142G>A, c.187A>G, c.268T>A, c.327A>C, c.773G>A and c.1603G>A, representing a new diplotype including a novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 7 (c.773 G>A: Arg258Gln). The CMAH diplotype in subjects K and R was different from major diplotype in blood type B cats. This study is the first to report CMAH variants in cats with discordant blood types between CARD and TUBE methods. These results could assist in the classification of feline AB blood types for transfusion medicine to avoid blood incompatibilities.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENDONOR DARAH DI UTD PMI KABUPATEN BANTUL TAHUN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 938-943
Author(s):  
Atik Dina Naseha ◽  
Nur’Aini Purnamaningsih ◽  
Kuswanto Hardjo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Activity Report

At the end of 2019, it was found that there was a very fast mutating virus called the Covid-19 virus, this virus causes diseases ranging from coughs to colds to death, efforts to prevent the spread of this virus by limiting the social scale of the community which causes a decrease in the number of blood donors which has an impact on the amount of blood stock in Blood Donation Unit. The objective of this study was to determine the description of blood donors based on blood type, gender, age, and type of donor at Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency in 2020. This study was an activity report by observing secondary data obtained from Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency. The number of donors was 8.212 donors, of which the number of donations from inside the building was 5.936 donors (72,28%), and the number of donations from mobile units was 2.276 donors (27,72%). The results showed that the majority of blood donors were blood group 0, which was 3.506 (42,69%), and the least blood type was AB, which was 468 (5.70%). The majority of the gender of the donor was male, namely 7.020 (85,48%), for female, 1.192 (14,52%). The majority of donors are aged 17-24 years, namely 1.738 (21,16%), and at least 65 years old 45 (0,55%). The majority of voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%), and the subtitute/ family donors were 1.034 (12,59%). There were 8.212 blood donors where the majority of blood group 0 was 3.506 (42,69%), male sex was 7.020 (85,48%), in the 17-24 year age group 1.738 (21,16%), and repeated voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Francesco Ferrucci ◽  
Enrica Zucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

A knowledge of the blood groups and alloantibodies present is essential for the safe transfusion of blood products in horses. Pre-transfusion screening and blood typing minimizes the risk of incompatible RBC transfusions and prevents immunization of the recipient against incompatible RBC antigens. The frequencies of blood groups can vary among different breeds. Knowledge of a breed’s blood group prevalence can be very useful for identifying the best blood donors during transfusion in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of the Ca blood type in horses from Italy using a monoclonal immunocromatographic method and to estimate the prevalence of anti-Ca alloantibodies in Ca− horses using agglutination on gel technique. Ca blood type was determined on 110 whole blood samples. The prevalence of the Ca+ blood type was 79.1%. This study also provides data about the prevalence of Ca+ blood group in Italian Saddle Horses (77,3%) and Dutch Warmblood (58,3%). No significant association was found between Ca blood type and sex with 79.5% and 78.8% of females and males testing Ca+, respectively. The total number of Ca− samples with detectable anti-Ca alloantibodies was 7/23 (30.4%).

scholarly journals The Overall Distribution of ABO and Rh (D) Groups in The Most Populous City Istanbul as Representing the Complex Ethnicity of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Yanaşık ◽  
Tülin Tunç ◽  
Mukadder Huslu ◽  
Sevgi Kalayoğlu Beşışık
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Type Classification

Objective: In humans, 38 different critical blood type classification systems are currently recognized. They differ in frequencies in distinct populations. It is aimed to visualize ABO and Rh(D) groups distribution in Istanbul as having the largest community in Turkey. Method: Volunteered blood donor's data on the automation system were screened retrospectively. Blood donation acceptance criteria were based on the guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Health. ABO and Rh(D) groups were analyzed using column agglutination/gel centrifugation methods. Results: The study covered six years' data between the dates of January 2014 and December 2019, including 136,231 donors. The majority of the donors were found to have blood group A with a frequency of 41.88%(n=57,059). The second most common blood group was group O, and had a frequency of 34.92%(n=47,576). The blood group B (n=20,790;15.26%) and group AB (n=10,806;7.93%) were found to be the rare encountered blood groups. Among the Rh(D) group, 85.02% of the donors were Rh(D) positive. Conclusion: In transfusion medicine, ABO and Rh(D) groups' compatibility is mandatory. According to the monthly and or annual blood products requirement, there are some suggested quantities of blood units to be available at blood centres. Determining the frequency of blood group distribution of populations will help to coordinate the ratio of blood groups to be storaged. The Turkish genetic makeup is a fascinating mixture of European and Asian DNA, necessitates to find out the countries' specific ABO and Rh(D) groups ratio. We compared our results with the previously reported studies performed in different cities of Turkey and the world around. Thus, our research as giving the overall distribution of ABO and Rh(D) groups from the largest city of Turkey reflecting the general ethnic background of the country, would help to the establishment of a databank of ABO and Rh(D) group's ratio.

scholarly journals A study on the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 and detection of canine Babesia by polymerase chain reaction from apparently healthy dogs in a selected rural community in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Dhliwayo ◽  
Tariro A. Makonese ◽  
Belinda Whittall ◽  
Silvester M. Chikerema ◽  
Davies M. Pfukenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Erythrocyte Antigen ◽  
Babesia Spp ◽  
Dog Erythrocyte

A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of blood group antigen dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 in mixed breed dogs in rural Chinamhora, Zimbabwe. DEA 1.1 is clinically the most important canine blood group as it is the most antigenic blood type; hence, DEA 1.1 antibodies are capable of causing acute haemolytic, potentially life-threatening transfusion reactions. In this study, blood samples were collected from 100 dogs in Chinamhora, and blood typing was carried out using standardised DEA 1.1 typing strips with monoclonal anti–DEA 1.1 antibodies (Alvedia® LAB DEA 1.1 test kits). Polymerase chain reaction for detecting Babesia spp. antigen was carried out on 58 of the samples. Of the 100 dogs, 78% were DEA 1.1 positive and 22% were DEA 1.1 negative. A significantly (p = 0.02) higher proportion of females (90.5%) were DEA 1.1 positive than males (69.0%). The probability of sensitisation of recipient dogs following first-time transfusion of untyped or unmatched blood was 17.2%, and an approximately 3% (2.95%) probability of an acute haemolytic reaction following a second incompatible transfusion was found. Babesia spp. antigen was found in 6.9% of the samples. No significant relationship (χ2 = 0.56, p = 0.45) was found between DEA 1.1 positivity and Babesia spp. antigen presence. Despite a low probability of haemolysis after a second incompatibility transfusion, the risk remains present and should not be ignored. Hence, where possible, blood typing for DEA 1.1 is recommended. A survey of DEA 3, 4, 5 and 7 in various breeds is also recommended.

A Caution in Association of ABO Blood Group with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Genome Wide Association Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide

A comment on Zhao J, Yang Y, Huang H, Li D, Gu D, Lu X, et al. Association of ABO blood group and Covid19 susceptability. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096. Zeng X, Fan H, Lu D, Huang F, Meng X, Li Z, et al. Association between ABO blood group and clinical outcomes of Covid19. medRxiv[PREPRINT].2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20063107. Zietz M, Tatonetti N. Testing the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death medRxiv [PREPRINT]. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20058073. Ellinghaus D, Degenhardt F, Bujanda L, al. e. The ABO blood group and a chromosome 3 gene cluster associate with SRAS-CoV2 respitarory failure in an Italy-Spain genome-wide association analysis. medRxiv. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20114991.

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