Foreign Trade in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Export Expansion ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Until recently only one of the largest economies – Russia was not among the WTO members. Russia's accession into the WTO drew out hidden structural problems of national economy, low competitiveness of domestic producers, dependence on fossil-fuel exports, and regional disparities. The paper aims at overview of the existing distortions of Russia's foreign trade and their potential threats to sustainable economic development and national economic security in view of the running trade liberalization. Regional implementations of trade liberalization are investigated on the case of the Stavropol Krai, one of the southern regions of Russia with an average level of economic development. The Gravity model is implemented to analyze trade activities of the region; the Boundary Effect Model is utilized to evaluate the effects of trade liberalization on separate industries. Simulation allowed distributing regional commodities on their competitiveness depending on export quota and boundary effect, and accessing aftermaths of export expansion and import substitution.

Foreign Trade in Russia

2016 ◽  
pp. 1443-1460
Author(s):  
Vasily Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Export Expansion ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Until recently only one of the largest economies – Russia was not among the WTO members. Russia's accession into the WTO drew out hidden structural problems of national economy, low competitiveness of domestic producers, dependence on fossil-fuel exports, and regional disparities. The paper aims at overview of the existing distortions of Russia's foreign trade and their potential threats to sustainable economic development and national economic security in view of the running trade liberalization. Regional implementations of trade liberalization are investigated on the case of the Stavropol Krai, one of the southern regions of Russia with an average level of economic development. The Gravity model is implemented to analyze trade activities of the region; the Boundary Effect Model is utilized to evaluate the effects of trade liberalization on separate industries. Simulation allowed distributing regional commodities on their competitiveness depending on export quota and boundary effect, and accessing aftermaths of export expansion and import substitution.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED THINKING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Medvedkina ◽  
◽  
Tamara Ishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economic Security

The problem of ensuring the economic security of the state is quite urgent. This study examines theoretical approaches to defining this definition, as well as the structural elements of the concept of economic security. The aim of the study is to identify the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the economic security of the state and the development of strategic directions for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation in the face of modern global challenges. The stages for assessing the level of economic security of the state are determined. Based on the existing methods for assessing the economic security of the state, a methodological approach to this assessment is proposed, taking into account the totality of macroindicators, industry, financial and social indicators. The calculation of the indicators of the economic security of the Russian Federation showed that the indicators do not go beyond the threshold values. The results of constructing an econometric model made it possible to determine the indicators of national economic security that have the most significant impact on the level of economic development of the state, as well as to identify internal and external threats to the Russian Federation. Thus, we can conclude that the economic security of the state can be represented as the state of protection of the national economy from external and internal threats, which ensures the progressive development of society, its economic and socio-political stability, despite the presence of unfavorable external and internal factors; ensuring national economic security and neutralizing all possible threats is the fundamental task of the state government. The level of economic development of the country as a whole and the quality of life of its citizens depend on the success and effectiveness of countermeasures.

scholarly journals Ways of economic development of the agroindustrial complex of the South federal district

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08043
Author(s):  
Liubov Pudeyan ◽  
Tatyana Kuchnarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
Economic Formation

The article pays attention to the assessment and development directions of the economic development path of the agro-industrial complex of the Southern Federal District. It was found that the most realistic prospects for the recovery of the domestic economy, with existing opportunities, are largely associated with the active development of import substitution, primarily due to the attraction of FDI. The main task of the Russian Federation is to increase income from the export of agricultural products. This is due to the fact that in the Southern Federal District they produce a large share of agricultural products, in addition, the Kuban and the Rostov Region have exits to the Black and Azov Seas (the main example is the Novorossiysk commercial sea port), all the main flows of cargo go through their ports today. Export shipments are growing annually. The author proposes that in order to strengthen economic security and ensure the sustainable development of the Southern Federal District in the face of economic sanctions, the economic system management bodies require a combination of centralized and decentralized approaches to economic formation, ensuring economic security and improving international competitiveness.

scholarly journals State policy in the field of import substitution and its impact on certain areas of economic security

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Aleksey Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Economic Security

The article presents the results of a study of the state policy in the field of import substitution and its impact on certain areas of economic security. Areas of economic security that are subject to the influence of the state policy of import substitution are identified. Among these areas, food, financial, innovation and investment, social, energy, production and technological, foreign trade security were identified. The nature of the impact of the state policy of import substitution on each of the areas of national economic security is substantiated.

scholarly journals Optimization of customs and tariff policy instruments in the system of import substitution in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 11040
Author(s):  
Alexander Kotenev ◽  
Larisa Ustinova ◽  
Galina Zakharova ◽  
Alim Otarov ◽  
Natalya Kryzhevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Algorithmic Approaches

In this research authors carried out economic and mathematical modeling of foreign trade activity in order to analyze an impact of applied tariff regulation measures on a level of state economic security taking into account its food component. By formalizing the Grossman-Helpman model, the specifics of interaction between consumers, producers and a state (as participants in the import substitution process) were assessed. The structural components of the model are implemented. A decentralized analysis of the regions was carried out. Algorithmic approaches to the development of regions are formulated. Thus, on the basis of the applied model, differentiation of the regions of the Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District according to the level of import substitution potential, as well as fragmentation of the foreign trade policy applied by the state has been established.

scholarly journals Does Financial Development Hamper or Improve the Resource Curse? Analysis Based on the Panel Threshold Effect Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
ZhiQiang Sun ◽  
ZeXiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

This paper analyzes the “resource curse” and “financial threshold effect” that may exist in China and then uses the data from 30 provinces from 2004 to 2018 as research samples. We used linear regression and nondynamic panel threshold models to analyze the financial threshold effects of the “resource curse” hypothesis and the “resource curse” phenomenon. At the same time, we divided the level of financial development to verify the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper. The study found the following: (1) There is a certain correlation between the abundance of resources and economic growth. Whether this can be seen as a “curse” or a “blessing” of resources is significantly related to the degree of financial development. (2) Whether financial development can alleviate the “resource curse” depends on the degree of financial development. In the extremely scarce stage of financial resources, the resource endowment effect is obvious, and the level of economic development in resource-based regions will be higher than in other regions; when the level of financial development is low (financial resources are not scarce and have not reached a reasonable level), the phenomenon of the “resource curse” appears; when the level of financial development is highly developed, economic development benefits more from financial development, and the effects of resource endowment decline. Only when financial development is at a reasonable level can resource endowments effectively raise the level of economic development.

scholarly journals Trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria: Further evidence on the causality issue

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Using Data

The study specifically investigated the causality between the openness variable and economic growth, using data from the Nigerian economy. Previous studies in Nigeria have interpreted the regression results of output variables on the export trade variable as providing support for trade liberalization as engine for growth with less emphasis on other measures like import. Such an interpretation is questionable, since these regressions provided no means for determining the direction of causality. This paper performed causality tests with various forms of openness measures and economic growth. The results indicated a uni-directional relationship between openness and growth. This shows that an increasing level of openness will be beneficial, depending on the level of economic development in Nigeria. The result is robust across different measures of openness and analytical techniques.

scholarly journals TRADE RESTRICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN TRADE LIBERALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1(13) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Kateryna Pugachevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the impact of the external component on economic growth shows the prevailing view of the positive impact of foreign trade and its liberalization on economic growth. At the same time, discussions on trends in foreign trade liberalization are part of the issue of contradictory impact of free cross-border movement of goods, capital and labor on the economic development. The majority of sources on endogenous growth contains a range of models for the relationship between trade restrictions and economic growth. Therefore, the aim of the article is to study trade restrictions in the context of foreign trade liberalization. At a high level of economic development, the liberalization of the economy allows to increase the benefits of foreign trade, but the issues related to the opening of national markets in the economic periphery remain controversial. The article considers the essence and classification of foreign trade restrictions. The views of scholars of leading economic schools on the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth have been represented. It has been determined, that the main trends in the liberalization of foreign trade are: expanding the scope of regulatory measures by both national governments and global trade institutions; coordination and intensification of international cooperation in the areas of multilateral liberalization of foreign trade; growing non-tariff barriers to the development of international trade. The results of the study allow to deepen the understanding of the peculiarities of ensuring national economic interests in the conditions of dynamization of foreign trade. Key words: trade restrictions, national economic interests, import regulation, foreign trade liberalization, tariff and non-tariff restrictions.

scholarly journals БЕЗПЕКА ЕКОНОМІКИ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Эльмира Годжаева ◽  
Айшан Асланова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Formulation of the problem. Economic safety is a conception which estimates the modern state of national economy. Therefore, economic safety depends on the level of economic development. The purpose of the research analyze еconomic security, which protects national interests, implements the development of the national economy and supports its adaptation to the economic interests of state bodies. The object of the research is the process of modeling of economic security is a concept that assesses the current state of the national economy. The hypothesis of the research is the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the state is one of the conditions ensuring its economic security. The methods of the research – analysis, synthesis, scientific generalization, systems approach. The statement of basic materials. Along with the protection of the country's national interests, economic security is the readiness of state bodies to ensure the real development of the country's economy in accordance with national interests and the socio-economic stability of society. The dynamism of the country's socio-economic development is a necessary condition for ensuring its economic security. There are a number of tasks that determine economic security, one of them is the assessment of its geopolitical state and the protection of the national interests of the state. All this is analyzed in detail in the article on the example of Azerbaijan. The originality and practical significance of the research. In the Azerbaijani context, various issues determined by economic security, assessment of the geopolitical state and national interests are also analyzed. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Consequently, economic security depends on the level of economic development. Economic security protects national interests, realizes the development of the national economy and supports its adaptation to the economic interests of state bodies.

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