scholarly journals Allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Antarctic moss Sanionia georgicouncinata (Amblystegiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
O. Dziuba ◽  
A. Liubinska ◽  
P. Khoyetskyy ◽  
T. Bedernichek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
The Antarctic

From the first half of the XX century, the maritime Antarctic was a region with high regional warming rates. At the beginning of the XXI century, regional warming strongly slowed down, but during the next twenty years the near-surface temperatures and mean annual precipitation at the Antarctic Peninsula will most probably increase. Higher temperatures and precipitation make the conditions in the maritime Antarctic more favourable for plants, including invasive species. Moreover, the increasing number of Antarctic tourists unintentionally transport thousands of seeds to the Antarctic on their clothes and equipment. In such circumstances, it is important to evaluate possible defensive mechanisms of native plant species, including their allelopathic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Sanionia georgicouncinata. This species is widespread in the maritime Antarctic and is one of the most abundant moss species on the Argentine Islands (Wilhelm Archipelago). Seeds of cucumber Cucumis sativus, radish Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, wheat Triticum vulgare, and amaranth Amaranthus paniculatus were used as bioassay species. Fresh green biomass of S. georgicouncinata was used to prepare aqueous extracts with 1 : 10, 1 : 50, and 1 : 100 plant to water ratios. The average root length of wheat sprouts and cucumber sprouts in distilled water did not differ significantly from those in plant extracts. The root length of radish sprouts in 1 : 50 plant extract was significantly shorter than in distilled water. Meanwhile, in 1 : 50 and 1 : 100 water extracts, roots of amaranth plants were significantly longer than in water. The number of lateral roots of cucumber sprouts in water and studied aqueous extracts varied from 1 to 6 with medians from 3 to 4. The medians of control (distilled water) and sample groups (aqueous extracts) did not differ significantly, but only 38.1 ± 6.1% of cucumber sprouts developed lateral roots in the 1 : 10 aqueous extract of S. georgicouncinata, and even less – 28.3 ± 7.5% in the 1 : 50 aqueous extract. The results of this study show that the allelopathic potential of S. georgicouncinata is low. However, a significant cytostatic activity of the studied extracts shows that this species may still affect other plants and animals. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the studied extracts on root growth and germination of the invasive plants, particularly Poa annua.

scholarly journals Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jafariehyazdi ◽  
F. Javidfar
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Members of Brassicaceae have been frequently cited as allelopathic crop. The toxic effect of Brassica spp. may be caused by hydrolysis products of glucosinolates that occur in substantial amounts in the vegetative parts of Brassica spp. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea on the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extracts of three species from two stages (full flowering and straw) of sampling were separately made with 0 (distilled water), 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentrations. This experiment was conducted in 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with five replications. There was a highly significant difference among different concentrations of extracts and also between two stages of extraction. All aqueous extracts significantly affected sunflower germination, germination rate, seedling root and hypocotyl length, fresh and dry matter weight when compared with distilled water control. The greatest concentration showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Root length was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl length.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

scholarly journals Allelopathy of extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia on snapdragon seeds germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gomes Pêgo ◽  
Cíntia Maria Teixeira Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Seeds Germination

Snapdragon (Anthirrhinum majus L.) is an ornamental plant propagated by seeds and usually cultivated in beds. In production fields occur many weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia, which can decrease flower production by competition or releasing allelopathic components. However, there is few knowledge about the effect of these allelopathic components on snapdragon seed germination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia on the germination of snapdragon. For this, 10 g of material vegetal from whole plants of C. rotundus or O. latifolia were ground in 100 mL of water (10% w v-1). The dilutions of aqueous extracts in 75%, 50%, 25% and 0 were prepared using distilled water. The seeds were kept in paper moistened with extracts, in box gerbox-type, and conditioned in a germination chamber for 11 days. After 11 days the percentage of germination, vigor, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds, root length and shoot seedlings were evaluated. Extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia reduced the percentage of seed germination by up to 17.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The vigor was reduced from 55.0% to 28.5% and IVG reduced from 27 to 12 in extracts of O. latifolia. The maximum of 49.5% and 35.5% of dead seeds was obtained in extracts of O. latifolia and C. rotundusrespectively. The highest concentrations of extracts of both species altered the morphology of snapdragons seedlings reducing the length of radicle and shoot.

Allelopathic Potential and Chemical Components of Aqueous Extract from Soil-Like Substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 490-495
Author(s):  
Le Yuan Li ◽  
Bei Zhen Xie ◽  
Wen Ting Fu ◽  
Wen Ting He ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

. Rice and wheat are the traditional food for Chinese people, as well as the main crop candidates for space bioregenerative life support systems. Recycling of inedible parts of rice and wheat is an important issue concerning the system. In order to determine whether the mixed-substrate of rice and wheat’s inedible parts is suitable for plant cultivation, soil-like substrate made from rice and wheat was tested in an aqueous extract germination experiment. The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract on seed vigor, seedling growth and development situations and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat, lettuce and pumpkin were studied, and the presence and degrees of allelopathic effects were analyzed. The test results show that this type of soil-like substrate can exert different degrees of allelopathic effect on wheat and lettuce; this allelopathic effect is related to the concentration of soil-like substrate aqueous extract. With the increase of extract concentration, the seed germination, root length and shoot fresh weight of wheat decreased; and every concentration of aqueous extract showed significant inhibition on the root length and root fresh weight of lettuce. However, this type of soil-like substrate showed few effect on the growth of pumpkin seedlings. Content changes of chlorophyll and endogenous hormones in wheat and lettuce seedlings, and the chemical compositions of soil-like substrate were measured. Besides, the mechanism of allelopathic effect was analyzed.

scholarly journals FLORAL EXTRACTS OF ALLAMANDA BLANCHETII AND ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA ARE COMPARATIVELY HIGHER RESOURCE OF ANTI-OXIDANTS AND POLYSACCHARIDES THAN LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandreyi Ghosh ◽  
Sayantan Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Objective: The present study undertakes a comparative analysis of the level of secondary metabolites present in the leaf, flower and stem of the two ornamental plants, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica.Methods: The two plant species, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica were collected, washed, shade dried in room temperature and powered in mechanical grinder. Phytochemicals were extracted from the power with methanol and double distilled water. The estimation of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide were done by standard methods and the anti-oxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) discoloration assay.Results: Our study reveals that the flower of both species contain highest amount of secondary metabolites in crude methanolic and aqueous extracts. In case of leaf, the methanolic extracts contain higher amount of polyphenol, flavonoid and anti-oxidant property in comparison to aqueous extracts, where as the aqueous extract contain higher amount of polysaccharide content than its counterpart. In stem, crude organic extract has higher amount of polyphenol and flavonoid and the aqueous extract has higher amount of polysaccharide and anti-oxidant property.Conclusion: The flower of Allamanda cathartica and Allamanda blanchetii has higher amount of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide and the floral extracts display comparatively higher anti-oxidant property.

Allelopathic potential of weed Neanotis lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis on seed germination and metabolism of mungbean and rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
S.D. Torawane ◽  
D.N. Mokat
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Seeds Germination

In Laboratory and Field bioassays, the higher concentrations of shoot aqueous extracts of Neanotis lancifolia (Hook. f.) W.H. Lewis proved inhibitory to mungbean and rice. The highest concentration (10 %) of aqueous extract reduced the plumule and radicle length of both test crops. From the N. Lancifolia extracts, 15- allelochemicals (Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonols and glycerol) were identified by GC-MS. Of these 5 were major allelochemicals [Oleic acid, Glycidyl oleate, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid and 18-Nonadecenoic acid]. These compounds at 5 DAS (days after sowing) significantly inhibited the seed germination in mungbean (58.38 %) and rice (57.48 %) at 5 DAS. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals on seeds germination followed the order: Oleic acid> Glycidyl oleate >Linoleic acid > Palmitic acid > 18-Nonadecenoic acid. The radicle and plumule growth at 11 DAS also followed the same trend. The metabolic changes in both mungbean and rice crops revealed that the aqueous extract reduced the protein, carbohydrates, phenols, tannins and flavonoids contents and the reductions were concentration dependent. We found that the allelopathic potential of N. lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis was due to the presence of 15 inhibitory compounds identified in its extract.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extracts from Cynara cardunculus L. on the seedling growth of two cosmopolitan weed species

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Scavo ◽  
Gaetano Pandino ◽  
Alessia Restuccia ◽  
Sara Lombardo ◽  
Gaetano Roberto Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
System Length ◽  
Wild Cardoon

The search for sustainable alternatives to synthetic herbicides for weed control, has led the scientific community to an increased interest for plant allelopathic mechanisms. The utilisation of plant extracts as possible bioherbicides represents an important solution. In the present study, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate, for the first time, the differences in the allelopathic activity of the three Cynara cardunculus L. botanical varieties (globe artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoon) leaf aqueous extracts on the seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L. In addition, the autoallelopathic effect on wild cardoon growth and the qualitative profile of the aqueous extract through high-performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) analysis were evaluated. Overall, the allelopathic effects were both genotype- and weed species-dependent. Wild cardoon showed the highest allelopathic potential (–23.4%), followed by cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke, and P. oleracea was the most sensitive target species (–32%). Besides, root system length was the most affected parameter (–32.6%). The autoallelopathic effect of wild cardoon extract was also demonstrated on root system length, hypocotyl and epicotyl length and total dry weight. C. cardunculus leaf aqueous extract was characterised by 5 sesquiterpene lactones, 2 caffeoylquinic acids, 6 flavones and 1 lignan. From the HPLC analysis we found that apigenin and luteolin 7-O-glucoronide were detected only in wild cardoon, apigenin 7-O-glucoside was typic of globe artichoke, and 11,13-dihydro-deacylcynaropicrin and 11,13-dihydroxi-8-deoxygrosheimin were characteristics of cultivated cardoon.

scholarly journals A, The Evaluating Allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) on emergence and seedling growth of Red rice (Oryza punctata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method caused environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of weed is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to chemical herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter weed of Sonchus oleraceus L. (Sow thistle) on summer weed Oryza punctate L. (red rice) seed emergence and initial seedling growth, a study was planned. In this study, seeds of O. punctate were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of S. oleraceus. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50% emergence as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days), minimum germination index (1.69), germination percentage (40%), root length (2.04 cm), shoot length (5.71 cm), fresh weight (59 g), dry weight (4.06 g) was noted at 8% concentration with fruit aqueous extract of S. oleraceus. Seed of O. punctata take maximum time to complete 50% emergence (3.33 days) under control where we applied distilled water. Results suggested fruit extract of S. oleraceus at 8% concentration can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of O. punctate. Key words: Chemical, eco-friendly, herbicidal potential, fruit extract

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) Aqueous Extracts on Germination on Selected Crop Species.

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Parreno J ◽  
Cempron B ◽  
Bucog N ◽  
Pepito M ◽  
Zamora C
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Castor Plant ◽  
Germination Value

Weeds in agricultural system are becoming problem nowadays in which it reduces yield of many crops. Synthetic herbicides are usually used to control weed growth. Meanwhile, using herbicides creates hazardous impacts on agricultural products and also increases environmental pollution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the allelopahatic potential of Castor plant (fresh leaves, dry leaves, seeds) aqueous extracts on germination rate, germination value indices and root growth on selected crop species. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals might be used against weeds as a controlling tool for decreasing weed emergence in field conditions. The study consists of 4 treatments replicated 5 times within 7 days. Germination rate, germination value indices and root length were collected in the 7th day of the experiment. Data gathered were analyzed using one way ANOVA and tukey HSD for comparison. Based on the results, it shows that fresh leaves and seed aqueous extract had an allopathic effect on the seed germination and germination value of Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum. In terms of root length inhibition, all treatments had an inhibition effect on the selected crop species. The result showed great potential for the natural herbicide from the determined parts of identified plant

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