Application of Carbonaceous Materials to Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fang Dong ◽  
Li Hua Zang ◽  
Qing Chao Gong ◽  
Cun Cun Chen ◽  
Cai Hong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Studies

Low cost carbonaceous materials were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol from wastewater. The effects of adsorbents dosage, contact time and maximum adsorption capacity were investigated for granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, petroleum coke and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT). Equilibrium studies were conducted in 50mg/L initial phenol concentration, solution pH of 5 and at temperature of 23°C. The results showed the adsorption process was fast and it reached equilibrium in 3 h. Petroleum coke and MWNT had poor adsorption which could reach the removal efficiency of phenol with 43.18% and 36.64% respectively. The granular activated carbon possessed good adsorption ability to phenol with 96.40% at the optimum dosage 5g and optimum time 90min.The powdered activated carbon was an effective adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.32 mg/g.

Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leyva-Ramos ◽  
J. R. Rangel-Mendez ◽  
J. Mendoza-Barron ◽  
L. Fuentes-Rubio ◽  
R. M. Guerrero-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Average Percent Deviation ◽  
Initial Ph

The adsorption isotherm of cadmium on activated carbon was measured in a batch adsorber. Effects of temperature and solution pH on the adsorption isotherm were investigated by determining the adsorption isotherm at temperatures of 10, 25, and 40°C and at initial pH values from 2 to 8. Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviation was lower than with the Freundlich isotherm It was noticed that the amount of Cd2+ adsorbed was reduced about 3 times by increasing the temperature from 10 to 40°C. It was found that Cd2+ was not adsorbed on activated carbon at pH of 2 or lower and that Cd2+ was precipitated out as Cd(OH)2 at pH values above 9. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH of 8 and the adsorption capacity was decreased about 12 times by reducing the initial pH from 8 to 3. According to the cadmium speciation diagram the predominant species below pH of 8 is Cd2+. Thus, cadmium was adsorbed on the activated carbon surface as Cd2+. It was concluded that the adsorption capacity is a strong function of pH and temperature.

Phenol adsorption on industrial activated carbon: evaluation of efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
С.А.А. Ахмед ◽  
Е.С. Гогина
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Coconut Shells

Адсорбция фенола на активированном угле считается одной из наиболее эффективных систем очистки сточных вод. В связи с этим изучена эффективность двух промышленных активированных углей российского производства для очистки сточных вод от фенола. Образцы включают порошкообразный активированный уголь (производимый из березового угля) и дробленый активированный уголь (производимый из скорлупы кокосового ореха). Исследование проведено в условиях изменения pH, влияния времени контакта и различных начальных концентраций фенола на процесс адсорбции. Исследование дополнительно расширено для выяснения кинетики адсорбции и модели изотерм Ленгмюра и Фрейндлиха. Результаты показали, что активированный уголь сохраняет максимальную адсорбционную способность в широком диапазоне pH – от 2 до 9. Это доказывает применимость угля для удаления фенола из различных сточных вод. Механизм адсорбции с использованием обоих образцов активированных углей следовал псевдовторому порядку и соответствовал модели изотермы Ленгмюра. Максимальная адсорбционная способность составила 185,19 и 172,41 мг/г для порошкообразного и дробленого угля соответственно, что свидетельствует о высокой эффективности удаления фенола из сточных вод. The adsorption of phenol on activated carbon is considered one of the most efficient wastewater treatment systems. In this regard, the effectiveness of two Russian manufactured industrial activated carbon types in removing phenol from wastewater has been studied. The samples included powdered activated carbon (made from birch charcoal) and crushed activated carbon (made from coconut shells). The study was carried out under the conditions of pH variation and the effect of contact time and different initial concentrations of phenol on the adsorption process. The study was further expanded to clarify the adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that activated carbon retained the maximum adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 2 to 9. This fact proves the usability of coal for removing phenol from various wastewater types. The adsorption mechanism using both activated carbon samples followed the pseudo-second order and corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 185.19 and 172.41 mg/g for powdered and crushed coal, respectively, suggesting a high efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater.

ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAT OF ADSORPTION MEASUREMENTS OF R-134a ON GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ATTALLA ◽  
S. SADEK ◽  
W. ABD EL-FADEEL
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Heat Of Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Finned Tubes ◽  
R 134A

The objective of this study is to investigate the adsorption characteristics of granular activated carbon GAC/R-134a pair in the temperature range of 20–60°C and pressure up to 10 bars. The Dubinin–Astakhov adsorption equilibrium model is fit to experimental data with acceptable error limit. The pressure–temperature–concentration (P–T–X) diagram of the pair is also presented. The isosteric heat of adsorption of R-134a on AC has been calculated using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation as a function of adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.92 kgR134a/kgcarbon at 20°C after 1200 s. The experimental results also shows that the increase of heat transfer area improves the adsorption capacity per kg of adsorber, which lead to the design of a finned tubes heat exchanger adsorption unit.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by gelatin/activated carbon composite bead form

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 355-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fareeda Hayeeye ◽  
Qiming J Yu ◽  
Memoon Sattar ◽  
Watchanida Chinpa ◽  
Orawan Sirichote
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Composite Bead

Gelatin and activated carbon materials have been combined together to obtain a gelatin/activated carbon composite bead form which is ecofriendly, nontoxic, biocompatible, and inexpensive material. In this paper, gelatin/activated carbon adsorption for Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions was studied experimentally under various conditions. The experimental conditions such as contact time, solution pH, and gelatin/activated carbon dosage were examined and evaluated by using batch adsorption experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of gelatin/activated carbon for Pb2+ ions was obtained to be 370.37 mg g−1. This maximum capacity was comparable with that of commercial ion exchange resins and it was much higher than those of natural zeolites. The uptake process for Pb2+ ions was found to be relatively fast with 92.15% of the adsorption completed in about 5 min in batch conditions. The adsorption capacity was also strongly solution pH dependent. Adsorption was observed at pH value as low as 2.0 and maximum adsorption was achieved at a pH of approximately 5. The results indicated that the gelatin/activated carbon was effective to be used as an adsorbent for Pb2+ ions removal in wastewater treatment.

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by using activated carbon supported iron catalysts as efficient adsorbents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Derdour ◽  
Chafia Bouchelta ◽  
Amina Khorief Naser-Eddine ◽  
Mohamed Salah Medjram ◽  
Pierre Magri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Fe Catalysts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from wastewater by using activated carbon-supported Fe catalysts derived from walnut shell prepared using a wetness impregnation process. The different conditions of preparation such as impregnation rate and calcination conditions (temperature and time) were optimized to determine their effects on the catalyst’s characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The catalyst samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by using using activated carbon supported Fe catalysts derived from walnut shell as an adsorbent and catalyst was investigated under different adsorption conditions. The parameters studied were contact time, adsorbent dose, solution pH and initial concentrations. Findings Results showed that higher adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics were obtained when the activated walnut shell was impregnated with Fe at 5 per cent and calcined under N2 flow at 400°C for 2 h. The adsorption isotherms data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The better fit is obtained with the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 29.67 mg/g for Cr(VI) on Fe5-AWS at pH 2.0. Originality/value A comparison of two kinetic models shows that the adsorption isotherms system is better described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

scholarly journals Adsorptive and Coagulative Removal of Trace Metals from Water Using Surface Modified Sawdust-Based Cellulose Nanocrystals

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Opeyemi A. Oyewo ◽  
Sam Ramaila ◽  
Lydia Mavuru ◽  
Taile Leswifi ◽  
Maurice S. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Surface Modified

The presence of toxic metals in surface and natural waters, even at trace levels, poses a great danger to humans and the ecosystem. Although the combination of adsorption and coagulation techniques has the potential to eradicate this problem, the use of inappropriate media remains a major drawback. This study reports on the application of NaNO2/NaHCO3 modified sawdust-based cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) as both coagulant and adsorbent for the removal of Cu, Fe and Pb from aqueous solution. The surface modified coagulants, prepared by electrostatic interactions, were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). The amount of coagulated/adsorbed trace metals was then analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). SEM analysis revealed the patchy and distributed floccules on Fe-flocs, which was an indication of multiple mechanisms responsible for Fe removal onto MCNC. A shift in the peak position attributed to C2H192N64O16 from 2θ = 30 to 24.5° occurred in the XRD pattern of both Pb- and Cu-flocs. Different process variables, including initial metal ions concentration (10–200 mg/L), solution pH (2–10), and temperature (25–45 °C) were studied in order to investigate how they affect the reaction process. Both Cu and Pb adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 111.1 and 2.82 mg/g, respectively, whereas the adsorption of Fe was suggestive of a multilayer adsorption process; however, Fe Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 81.96 mg/g. The sequence of trace metals removal followed the order: Cu > Fe > Pb. The utilization of this product in different water matrices is an effective way to establish their robustness.

scholarly journals Electroadsorption of Bromide from Natural Water in Granular Activated Carbon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
David Ribes ◽  
Emilia Morallón ◽  
Diego Cazorla-Amorós ◽  
Francisco Osorio ◽  
María J. García-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Anodic Treatment ◽  
Positive Polarization ◽  
Two Stages

The adsorption and electroadsorption of bromide from natural water has been studied in a filter-press electrochemical cell using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent. During electroadsorption experiments, different voltages were applied (2 V, 3 V and 4 V) under anodic conditions. The presence of the electric field improves the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The decrease in bromide concentration observed at high potentials (3 V or 4 V) may be due to the electrochemical transformation of bromide to Br2. The anodic treatment produces a higher decrease in the concentration of bromide in the case of cathodic electroadsorption. Moreover, in this anodic electroadsorption, if the system is again put under open circuit conditions, no desorption of the bromide is produced. In the case of anodic treatment in the following adsorption process after 24 h of treatment at 3 V, a new decrease in the bromide concentration is observed as a consequence of the decrease in bromide concentration after the electrochemical stage. It can be concluded that the electroadsorption process is effective against the elimination of bromide and total bromine in water, with a content of 345 and 470 µg L−1, respectively, reaching elimination values of 46% in a single-stage electroadsorption process in bromide and total bromine. The application of the electric field to the activated carbon with a positive polarization (anodic electroadsorption) increases the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon significantly, achieving a reduction of up to 220 µg L−1 after 1 h of contact with water. The two stage process in which a previous electrochemical oxidation is incorporated before the electroadsorption stage significantly increased the efficiency from 46% in a single electroadsorption step at 3 V, to 59% in two stages.

scholarly journals Removal of Chromium(III) and Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Treated Date Seeds: An Eco-Friendly Method

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3718
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azam ◽  
Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur ◽  
Mohammad Rizwan Khan ◽  
Saud I. Al-Resayes ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metal Elution ◽  
Date Pits

The aim of the research was to prepare low-cost adsorbents, including raw date pits and chemically treated date pits, and to apply these materials to investigate the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from wastewater. The prepared materials were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and BET surface analysis techniques for investigating the surface morphology, particle size, pore size and surface functionalities of the materials. A series of adsorption processes was conducted in a batch system and optimized by investigating various parameters such as solution pH, contact time, initial metal concentrations and adsorbent dosage. The optimum pH for achieving maximum adsorption capacity was found to be approximately 7.8. The determination of metal ions was conducted using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The experimental results were fitted using isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Cr(III) and Cd(II) at 323 K were 1428.5 and 1302.0 mg/g (treated majdool date pits adsorbent) and 1228.5 and 1182.0 mg/g (treated sagai date pits adsorbent), respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity of H2O2-treated date pits was higher than that of untreated DP. Recovery studies showed maximal metal elution with 0.1 M HCl for all the adsorbents. An 83.3–88.2% and 81.8–86.8% drop in Cr(III) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, were found after the five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave slightly better results than the Freundlich model for the untreated and treated date pits. Hence, the results demonstrated that the prepared materials could be a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for the remediation of Cr(III) and Cd(II) contaminants from an aqueous solution.

Ouricuri (Syagrus coronata) fiber: a novel biosorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Meili ◽  
Társila Santos da Silva ◽  
Daniely Carlos Henrique ◽  
João Inácio Soletti ◽  
Sandra Helena Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Studies

In this work, the potential of ouricuri (Syagrus coronata) fiber as a novel biosorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The fiber was prepared and characterized according to the fundamental features for adsorption. A 23 experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of adsorbent dosage (M), fiber diameter (D) and agitation (A) on the adsorption capacity. In the more adequate conditions, kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed. The experimental design results showed that M = 10 g L−1), D = 0.595 mm and A = 200 rpm were the more adequate conditions for MB adsorption. Based on the kinetic study, it was found that the adsorption process was fast, being the equilibrium was attained at about 5 min, with 90% of color removal. The isotherm was properly represented by the Sips model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 31.7 mg g−1. In brief, it was demonstrated that ouricuri fiber is an alternative biosorbent to remove MB from aqueous media, taking into account the process efficiency and economic viewpoint.

scholarly journals Dysprosium Removal from Water Using Active Carbons Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alcaraz ◽  
María Esther Escudero ◽  
Francisco J. Alguacil ◽  
Irene Llorente ◽  
Ana Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Microporous Material ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground

This paper describes the physico-chemical study of the adsorption of dysprosium (Dy3+) in aqueous solution onto two types of activated carbons synthesized from spent coffee ground. KOH activated carbon is a microporous material with a specific BET surface area of 2330 m2·g-1 and pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm. Carbon activated with water vapor and N2 is a solid mesoporous, with pores of 5.7 nm in diameter and a specific surface of 982 m2·g-1. A significant dependence of the adsorption capacity on the solution pH was found, while it does not depend significantly neither on the dysprosium concentration nor on the temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 31.26 mg·g-1 and 33.52 mg·g-1 for the chemically and physically activated carbons, respectively, were found. In both cases, the results obtained from adsorption isotherms and kinetic study were better fit to a Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results indicate that dysprosium adsorption onto both activated carbons is an exothermic, spontaneous and favorable process.

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