Preparation and Characterization of Bulk Porous Nickel Fabricated by Novel Scanning Jet Electrodeposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Kai Gong ◽  
Guo Qing Xu ◽  
Zong Jun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Scanning Rate ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition ◽  
Jet Velocity ◽  
Dendritic Structures

The bulk porous nickel was fabricated by layer scanning jet electrodeposition, a novel porous metal preparation technique. The dendritic crystalline layer or normal layer of the bulk porous nickel can be obtained by controlling of the growth conditions. The effects of deposition conditions, such as jet velocity, deposition current density, jet scanning mode, scanning rate, electrolyte solution, etc., on the morphology and growth process of the dendritic structures were studied in detail. It is revealed that the deposition rate and the uniformity of the pore distribution for the bulk porous Ni increase with the decrease of jet velocity. The depositing current density has an upper and lower limit. The dendritic structures are sensitive to the scanning rate, scanning mode, electrolyte solution. As a result, the optimized bulk porous nickels with controllable dendritic crystalline layered structure, pore size and porosity were fabricated by accurately controlling the growth conditions above.

Preparation of Porous Metallic Nickel by Jet Electrodeposition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-da Shen ◽  
Zong-jun Tian ◽  
Zhi-dong Liu ◽  
Yin-hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Dendritic Crystal ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition

The theory and related technology of porous metallic nickel by using jet electrodeposition (JED) are reviewed, and preparation of different porosities of the porous metallic nickel samples was made by the self-developed device. The surface morphology, microstructure, grain size of the micro-cell structure of deposition were studied and analyzed by SEM, and the mechanical properties of the sample, such as surface micro hardness and compressive property were also studied. The results are as follows: the process of porous nickel preparation by jet electrodeposition mentioned in paper is capable of preparing porous metal with dendritic crystal structure as the subject porous structure. Ejection electrodeposition has great advantages in machining efficiency and cost compared with porous metal preparation process of traditional electrodeposition. The porous nickel metal sample prepared, in respects of pore distribution and porosity, are affected by electrodeposited porous dendritic crystal layers. The formula Bath A, which has a relatively low concentration of nickel ions, can make the preparation of porous dendrite structure more favorable in the way that it has more uniform compactness. Current density is the key indicator in forming ideal branched crystal; more than 60A/dm2 can make the process access to a good working state. With the increase in current density, the dendrite formation of porous structure becomes more compact. The porosity of the prepared sample is 48.7%, using jet scanning electrodeposition with the current density at 80A/dm2. The surface micro hardness of the sample reaches HV 315. The compressive yield stress of porous Nickel is 11.35 MPa, which has a large number of plastic deformations of the absorption capacity. From original data of sample energy absorption rate and fitting curve, it is known that there comes great plastic deformation, which gives the sample better absorption ability and relatively greater energy absorption rate at a relatively low flow stress.

Jet Electrodeposited Cu-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coatings

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Song Chen ◽  
Yin-Hui Huang ◽  
Zhi-Dong Liu ◽  
Zong-Jun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Electrolyte Temperature ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Electrodeposited Coatings ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Jet Velocity ◽  
Electrolyte Jet

A jet electrodeposition device was carried out to prepare Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings. The influence of the concentration of Al2O3 in the electrolyte and parameters, such as cathodic current density, the electrolyte temperature as well as the electrolyte jet velocity, on the content of the Al2O3 in the deposite were investigated. The coatings ingredient and microstructure was measured by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analyzer system (EDX), the microhardness tests were conducted on an microhardness tester. The results show that the jet electrodeposition can fine crystalline particles. The copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with grain size of about 50nm. The amount of Al2O3 in composites first increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of Al2O3, current density, temperature and jet velocity. The composite with optimum atomic percent of Al2O3 (14.4 at%) can be obtained at the concentration of 30 g/l, cathodic current densities 300 A/dm2, temperature 30°C, and electrolyte jet velocity 8 m/s. The addition of Al2O3 in copper increases the microhardness of the electrodeposited coatings.

scholarly journals Development of Porous Pt Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Marika Muto ◽  
Mayumi Nagayama ◽  
Kazunari Sasaki ◽  
Akari Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Pt Electrocatalysts ◽  
Pt Black

Porous Pt electrocatalysts have been developed as an example of carbon-free porous metal catalysts in anticipation of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and PEM water electrolyzers through the assembly of the metal precursor and surfactant. In this study, porous Pt was structurally evaluated and found to have a porous structure composed of connected Pt particles. The resulting specific electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of porous Pt was 12.4 m2 g−1, which was higher than that of commercially available Pt black. Accordingly, porous Pt showed higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity than Pt black. When the activity was compared to that of a common carbon-supported electrocatalyst, Pt/ketjen black (KB), porous Pt showed a comparable ORR current density (2.5 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V for Pt/KB and 2.1 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V for porous Pt), and OER current density (6.8 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V for Pt/KB and 7.0 mA cm−1 at 1.8 V), even though the ECSA of porous Pt was only one-sixth that of Pt/KB. Moreover, it exhibited a higher durability against 1.8 V. In addition, when catalyst layers were spray-printed on the Nafion® membrane, porous Pt displayed more uniform layers in comparison to Pt black, showing an advantage in its usage as a thin layer.

Improvement of microstructure and properties of Ni–Al2O3 composite coating via jet electrodeposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (27) ◽  
pp. 2050243
Author(s):  
Hui Fan ◽  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Yangpei Zhao ◽  
Shankui Wang ◽  
Zhijing Li
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Coating Structure ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition

Ni–Al2O3 composite coatings were prepared with a modified Watt’s bath by using jet electrodeposition method. As the key process parameter, current density and the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles in electrolyte were studied about the effect on the surface morphology and co-deposition of Al2O3 nanoparticles of composite coating. The mechanical and tribological properties of the composite coating were also tested. The results show that properly increasing the current density and Al2O3 addition can increase the co-deposition of nanoparticles in the coating and promote the formation of a dense and refined coating structure. Using the optimized process parameters of current density (300 A/dm2) and Al2O3 addition (30 g/L), the co-deposition of Al2O3 in the composite coating can reach a maximum of 13.1 at.%. The hardness of the coating reaches the peak at 623 HV. The wear rate of the composite coating is also greatly reduced with optimized parameters.

Study of Void Formation Mechanism in Electroplated SnAg Solder Bump

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000638-000643
Author(s):  
Koji Tatsumi ◽  
Akio Sakai ◽  
Syunsuke Kawai ◽  
Takuma Katase ◽  
Takashi Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Solder Bump ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Snag Solder ◽  
The Cross

Abstract SnAg electroplating method is widely used in the formation of LF solder bump for flip chip connection. While electroplating is able to form void free solder bump in a suitable operating condition, void may occur suddenly when used in mass production. This study aims at understanding the gas source in the void of electroplated SnAg solder bumps and determining the manufacturing process factors which affect the void formation. There are various types of void formation mode. One mode is H2 gas generation on cathode surface during electroplating. Both the cross-sections of solder bumps, as well as an analysis data of the gas in the void taken by the TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectrometry) were evaluated. The cross-section of the solder bump which contains void due to the reflow process revealed the existence of several tens of nm to several μm size pits in the solder bump before reflow. TDS analysis indicates that the pits consisted of mainly H2O, H2 and the decomposition of organics. A possible void formation mechanism is the evaporation of H2 gas and the incorporated electrolyte solution in the bump by reflow. These pits in the solder were caused by various process parameters. One of the causes is due to the setting of the current density in the SnAg electroplating process being inappropriate. The current density should be adjusted corresponding to the electrolyte performance and bump design such as PR thickness, opening diameter and bump density. The computer simulation demonstrated that a thick PR limits the diffusion of the Sn2+ ions into via holes and having the current density too high causes a lack of Sn2+ ions on the cathode surface and causes H2 gas generation. The other mode of void formation is Ag displacement of the under bump metallization (UBM) surface in dwell time in the SnAg electrolyte solution before the start of plating. The adjustment of each process parameter can eliminate the source of the void and achieve a high reliability of SnAg bump formation.

Research on Jet Electrodeposited Cu-Al2O3 Nanocomposition Coatings

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 1041-1044
Author(s):  
Jin Song Chen ◽  
Yin Hui Huang ◽  
Bin Qiao ◽  
Jian Ming Yang ◽  
Yi Qiang He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Electrodeposited Coatings ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Nanocrystalline Microstructure ◽  
Jet Velocity ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Microhardness Tester

A jet electrodeposition device was carried out to prepare Cu-Al2O3nanocomposite coatings. The influence of the concentration of Al2O3in the electrolyte and the parameters on the content of the Al2O3in the deposit was investigated. The coatings ingredient and microstructure was measured by the scanning electron microscope, the microhardness tests were conducted on an microhardness tester. The results show that the copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with grain size of about 50nm . The amount of Al2O3in composites first increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of Al2O3, current density, temperature and jet velocity. The composite with optimum atomic percent of Al2O3(14.4 at%) can be obtained at the concentration of 30 g/l , cathodic current densities 300 A/dm2, temperature 30°C, and jet velocity 8 m/s . The addition of Al2O3in copper increases the microhardness of the electrodeposited coatings.

scholarly journals Effect of Current Density on the Performance of Ni–P–ZrO2–CeO2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Jet-Electrodeposition

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Song ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Xiuqing Fu ◽  
Jinran Lin ◽  
Moqi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Jet Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance

The objective of this study was to improve the surface properties, hardness, wear resistance and electrochemical corrosion resistance of #45 steel. To this end, Ni–P–ZrO2–CeO2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of #45 steel using the jet-electrodeposition technique by varying the current density from 20 to 60 A/dm2. The effect of current density on the performance of the composite coatings was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to explore the surface topography, elemental composition, hardness and electrochemical corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. The results showed that with the increase in the current density, the hardness, wear resistance, and electrochemical corrosion resistance tends to increase first and then decrease. At a current density of 40 A/dm2, the hardness reached a maximum of 688.9 HV0.1, the corrosion current reached a minimum of 8.2501 × 10−5 A·cm−2, and the corrosion potential reached a maximum of −0.45957 V. At these values, the performance of the composite coatings was optimal.

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