Prospect of Parallel Biodiesel and Bioethanol Production from JatrophaCurcas Seed

This study focuses on the utilization prospect of JatrophaCurcas seed solely as transport sector renewable fuel for producing biodiesel and bioethanol in a parallel system. Diesel (biodiesel) and petrol (bioethanol as petrol additive) engine fuel could be produce from J. Curcas seed oil portion and its’ seed residue, respectively. Ultrasonic-assisted reactive extractions were used for simultaneous oil extraction and esterification/transesterification of J. Curcas seed. The use of acid/alkaline catalyst and ultrasound resulted in a completely de-oiled seed residual by extracting about 50% oil which is equivalent to the Soxhlet extraction performance. The seeds were being chemically and physically characterized with ultimate analyses and TGA for its suitability as bioethanol raw material. Ultimate analyses revealed similarity with other bioconversion feedstock having carbon and oxygen as the major chemical compositions; with slightly lower carbon content in the residuals due to the oil extraction during the in-situ process. However, TG profile exhibited better decomposition of mass in the ultrasonicated residues having easier accessible and better degradable fiber for bioethanol production process. These shown positive effects on the J. Curcasseed pre-treatment during biodiesel reactive extraction process and for further bioconversion toward bioethanol.

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ULTRASONICATED JATROPHA CURCAS SEED RESIDUAL AS POTENTIAL BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.4340 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Shahrir M. Zahari ◽

S. B. Ismail ◽

Mohd Zamri Ibrahim ◽

Su Shiung Lam ◽

Ramli Mat

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Reactive Extraction ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Alkaline Catalyst ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Pre Treatment

This study focuses on the prospect of Jatropha Curcas seed residual from the ultrasonic in-situ process which is used as a biofuel raw material especially for producing bioethanol. Reactive extraction process coupled with ultrasonic system were used for simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification of Jatropha Curcas seed. Using ethanol as the solvent, alkaline catalyst (sodium hydroxide) and with the aid of ultrasonic device, about 50% oil from the initial seeds was extracted, which is equivalent to Soxhlet extraction performance. The seeds were being chemically and physically characterized with ultimate analyses, with SEM and XRD as potential bioethanol raw material. SEM and XRD profile exhibited loosen compounds in the ultrasonicated residues and provided a better accessible and easier degradable fiber for assisting bioethanol production process compared to the initial seeds. The positive effects of the ultrasonic reactive extraction for Jatropha Curcas seed pre-treatment is beneficial towards bioethanol production and could further be used as a solvent in the latter process.

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Study of Enhanced Reactive Extraction Process Using Ultrasonication for Jatropha curcas Seed

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.522 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 699 ◽

pp. 522-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Shahrir M. Zahari ◽

Shahrul Ismail ◽

Mohd Zamri Ibrahim ◽

Su Shiung Lam ◽

R. Mat

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Reactive Extraction ◽

Jatropha Oil ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Jatropha Seed

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and positive effects of ultrasonication toward Jatropha Curcas seed reactive extraction process. Ultrasonic-assisted oil extraction from Jatropha seed were compared with conventional stirring method of a shaker bath at varied conditions such as seed sizes (<1.0 – 4.0 mm), temperature (30 – 60°C) and time (1 – 60 min). The results revealed that a swift and complete Jatropha oil extraction can be achieved with the aid of ultrasound influenced mostly by temperature and reaction time differences. Transesterification conversion were confirmed with NMR revealing the presence of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) in the solution mixture. Enhanced effect by the ultrasonication were evidenced for a better and faster extraction whilst simultaneously converting Jatropha oil into biodiesel.

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Improved Glucose Recovery from Sicyos angulatus by NaOH Pretreatment and Application to Bioethanol Production

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Hyung-Eun An ◽

Kang Hyun Lee ◽

Ye Won Jang ◽

Chang-Bae Kim ◽

Hah Young Yoo

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Food Resource ◽

Raw Material ◽

Control Group ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Glucose Recovery ◽

Harmful Species

As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.

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Cotton stalk-derived hydrothermal carbon for methylene blue dye removal: investigation of the raw material plant tissues

Bioresources and Bioprocessing ◽

10.1186/s40643-021-00364-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Libo Zhang ◽

Junyan Tan ◽

Gangying Xing ◽

Xintong Dou ◽

Xuqiang Guo

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Cotton Stalk ◽

Acid Base ◽

X Ray ◽

Bet Analysis

AbstractConversion of the abundant agricultural residual cotton stalk (CS) into useful chemicals or functional materials could alleviate the fossil fuels caused energy shortages and environmental crises. Although some advances have been achieved, less attention has been paid to the plant tissues effect. In this study, the plant tissue of CS was changed by part degradation of some components (hemicelluloses and lignin, for example) with the aid of acid/base (or both). The pretreated CS was transformed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. Morphological and chemical compositions of CS hydrochar were analyzed by various techniques, including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Methylene blue (MB) removal of prepared CS hydrochar was used to evaluate CS hydrochar pollutions adsorption capacity. Results reveal acid/base (or both) pretreatment is beneficial for CS raw material to prepare high-quality CS hydrochar. The effects of some parameters, such as initial MB concentration, temperature, pH value and recyclability on the adsorption of MB onto both acid and base-pretreated CS hydrochar (CS-H2SO4 + NaOH-HTC) were studied. The present work exhibits the importance of agricultural waste biomass material plant tissues on its derived materials, which will have a positive effect on the direct utilization of waste biomass.

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Comparison between Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Conventional Soxhlet Extraction for Rosemary Antioxidants, Yield, Composition, and Environmental Footprint

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 584 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mathilde Hirondart ◽

Natacha Rombaut ◽

Anne Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier ◽

Antoine Bily ◽

Farid Chemat

Keyword(s):

Extraction Procedure ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

Initial Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Preparation Step

Nowadays, “green analytical chemistry” challenges are to develop techniques which reduce the environmental impact not only in term of analysis but also in the sample preparation step. Within this objective, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was investigated to determine the initial composition of key antioxidants contained in rosemary leaves: Rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CA), and carnosol (CO). An experimental design was applied to identify an optimized PLE set of extraction parameters: A temperature of 183 °C, a pressure of 130 bar, and an extraction duration of 3 min enabled recovering rosemary antioxidants. PLE was further compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction (CSE) in term of global processing time, energy used, solvent recovery, raw material used, accuracy, reproducibility, and robustness to extract quantitatively RA, CA, and CO from rosemary leaves. A statistical comparison of the two extraction procedure (PLE and CSE) was achieved and showed no significant difference between the two procedures in terms of RA, CA, and CO extraction. To complete the study showing that the use of PLE is an advantageous alternative to CSE, the eco-footprint of the PLE process was evaluated. Results demonstrate that it is a rapid, clean, and environmentally friendly extraction technique.

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Changes of Nitrogen Compounds During Ensiling of High Protein Herbages – A Review

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2015-0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 289-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Maja Fijałkowska ◽

Barbara Pysera ◽

Krzysztof Lipiński ◽

Danuta Strusińska

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Protein Degradation ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Raw Material ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Fermentation Inhibitors ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Positive Effects

Abstract Losses of crude protein during ensiling of herbages, in contrast to carbohydrates, do not affect the reduction of its content; their form is changed into greater solubility non-protein compounds and also highly degraded forms, which lower the efficiency of the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. These processes are accompanied by a change of amino acid composition of herbage protein and decrease in intestinal digestibility of protein from feeds as a result of the formation of indigestible complexes with carbohydrates (ADIN). Reduction of protein degradation in silages is achieved by accelerated acidity through addition of acids or dominance of homofermentative bacteria. The positive effects of fermentation inhibitors or sorbents use, as well as the wilting of raw material on the level and rate of protein degradation were demonstrated by many researchers. A greater contribution of protein nitrogen and reduction of deamination in silages can also be obtained by using bacteria inoculants. Increasing the proportion of protein nitrogen is accompanied by the improved efficiency of microbial protein synthesis.

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Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/134063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Darfizzi Derawi ◽

Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah ◽

Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽

Rahimi M. Yusop ◽

Jumat Salimon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Modification Process

Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

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A comprehensive review of algal biochar for soil improvement: bottlenecks and opportunities

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3558 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiacheng Sun ◽

Ondrej Masek

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Algal Biochar

In recent years, the rapid increase of CO2 emission in the atmosphere and the resulting issues such as global warming and climate change have now become significant barriers to environmental sustainability. Although fossil CO2 emissions have decreased in some of the world's largest emitters, including 11% in the EU, 12% in the US and 1.7% in China annually, the estimated global CO2 emission amount still reached 40 G tonnes in 2020. The purpose of studying biochar produced by pyrolysis is essential to develop the knowledge of carbon cycles and nutrient components in soil. Among all types of feedstocks, algae grow incredibly rapidly compared to other biological materials, about 500-1500 times higher, which will boot the carbon sequestration rate. Therefore, the study of algal biochar production through pyrolysis has great significance for migrating climate change and developing carbon capture and storage.This study focuses on a comprehensive review of previous literature on conventional and advanced macroalgae and microalgae pyrolysis for producing biochar and related valuable by-products like bio-oil and bio-syngas, aiming to establish a state-of-the-art of algal biochar for different soil-related applications and demonstrate the bottlenecks and opportunities. Specifically, a thorough comparison of algae species (20 microalgae and 20 macroalgae) is developed to benefit future researchers, involving chemical compositions, proximate analysis, solid-product fraction, physical properties and chemical properties. Redox conditions, surface functional groups and pH conditions are determined in lab-scale. Moreover, different algal biochar applications on soil and plant are analysed to optimise the commercial value of algal biochar, including soil conditioner, compositing additives, carrier for fertilisers, manure treatment and stable blending. Due to the abundant mineral contents (0.23-1.21% Na, 0.03-2.92% K, 0.75-7.17% Al, 0.19-1.24% Mg, 6.5-7% Ca and 0.04-0.69% Fe) of algal biochar, this study not only reviews the positive effects on soil improvement but also negative effects such as phytotoxic effect and heavy-metal pollution. A laboratory-based chemical oxidation approach (Edinburgh Stability Tool) is used to assess relatively long-term biochar stability and the influence of nutrient cycling. The optimal pyrolysis conditions (temperature, retention time and heating rate) and potential future commercial applications are obtained through the comprehensive review of algal biochar for soil improvement.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;

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Yield Evaluation and Primary Energy Assessment of the Jatropha curcas Oil Extraction Process for Use as a Biofuel in Engines

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2021/v13i330188 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Fredy Torres Mejía ◽

Juan Alexander Torres Mejía ◽

Henry Edgardo Maradiaga Galeano ◽

Claudia López Toro

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽

Energy Assessment ◽

The One ◽

Jatropha Cake

The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of the extraction and mechanical filtering of Jatropha curcas oil and to evaluate the primary energy of the raw material resulting from the process, this is a qualitative-quantitative study of transversal order based on measurements and analysis of the process in situ: The following factors were evaluated as factors: weight of oil per seed processed, weight of pressed cake, and measurements in the filtering process, from which a balance of matter of the process used was constructed, and the energy valuation of the oil and pressed cake, energy was used as the response variable, measured in Tons of Oil Equivalent (TEP), Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BEP), and tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Ton CO2eq). The seed used is Creole, the one existing in the area, the extraction was carried out in a KEK-P0101 press, and a KEK-F0090 filter. The collected seeds were dried and then discarded, the average shell weight is 40% of the total weight of the dry seed, from the oil extraction process a yield of 18.6% was obtained using seed with 5.8% humidity, and from the oil filtering process, when it passed through the filter, no weight loss in kg was obtained; finally, the equivalent primary energy valuation of one ton of oil is 39076. 39 MJTon-1, which is equivalent to 0.94 TEP, 2.90 Ton CO2 eq, and 20.87 BEP; in the same way one ton of Jatropha cake represents 15969.30 MJ, equivalent to 0.38 TEP, 1.18 Ton CO2 eq, and 8. 53 BEP, and the total primary energy between one ton of oil and one ton of Jatropha cake after oil extraction together contain 55045.61 MJTon-1, equivalent to 1.32 TEP, 4.08 Ton CO2 eq, and 29.41 BEP.

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