The Influence of Austenisation Temperature and Holding Time on Mechanical Properties, Scale Thickness, and Microstructure in Alloy Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Maulud Hidayat ◽  
Indah Hardiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Scale Thickness ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Steel Weight

The application of steel products have been widely used and various research have been developed to find a good and appropriate quality of steel and can be produced in the country without have to be imported, for example alloy steels. One of the alloy steels that have been constantly developed is Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel with additional nickel, chromium and molybdenum which can increase hardness, tensile strength, ductility and toughness. The effect during the production process is at the heating process that causes the formation of iron oxide layer (scale) and the loss of steel weight. Therefore, the selection of heat treatment methods and techniques are required to increase the mechanical properties of steel, such as hardness, tensile strength, and toughness, with the scale is about <5% of steel weight. In this research, the heat treatment was carried out at austenisation temperature of 800°, 850°, 900°C and at holding time of 20, 40, 60 minutes, then followed by a rapid cooling (quenching) to improve the mechanical properties of hardness. This research also tested the mechanical properties of steel that consist of hardness test and impact test, and metallographic observation that consist of micro structure observation and scale thickness observation. The micro structure from heat treatment process is martensite, it is due to a rapid cooling (quenching) that rapidly change the austenite phase into martensite. The data showed the highest hardness is 588.35 HVN at 850°C of temperature and 60 minutes of holding time, 8.5 Joules of impact energy, and 91.5 μm of scale thickness. While the lowest hardness is 539.34 HVN at 800°C of temperature, 5 Joules of impact energy, and 47.81 μm of scale thickness.

Vickers Microhardness Dependence Load and Determining of Tensile Strength of HQ 705 Steel from Microhardness Curves

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Malau ◽  
Latif Arifudin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number

Vickers microindentation hardness test has been applied for a long time to determine the mechanical properties of a small volume of samples. The procedure of this hardness test consists of using a constant load on a rigid indenter and measuring the dimensions of the indenter residual impression (indentation imprint) on the surface of the sample tested after loading and unloading. The objective of this research is to characterize the mechanical properties and material constants of HQ (High Quality) 705 alloy steel mainly its VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) and tensile strength before and after quenching and tempering heat treatments. The characterization is based on Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.Quenching treatment was performed in a furnace by heating the samples at austenite temperature of 850 o C with holding time of two hours and then the samples were rapidly cooled in oil bath. Tempering processes were conducted by heating again the quenching samples to temperatures of 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 o C with holding time of two hours for each sample. Finally, all samples were slowly cooled in atmospheric temperature. The mechanical properties of samples were characterized by using Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.The results show that VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) depends on indentation load and VHN increases with increment of load for indentation load lower than 5 N. VHN is almost constant for indentation load greater than 5 N. The raw material (without heat treatment) has the VHN and tensile strength of 3413 MPa and 1050.61 MPa respectively and the quenched samples have the VHN and tensile strength of 5407 and 1861 MPa respectively. The Vickers hardness and tensile strength decrease with the increment of tempering temperatures. The higher tempering temperature produces lower hardness and tensile strength. The raw material tensile strength of 1058.8 MPa obtained by tensile test is comparable to its tensile strength of 1050.61 MPa obtained by Vickers indentation. This result indicates that Vickers microindentation is valid to use for evaluating the tensile strength of HQ 705 alloy steel.

scholarly journals Estimation of Austenitizing and Multiple Tempering Temperatures from the Mechanical Properties of AISI 410 using Artificial Neural Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.19) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Abdul Kareem F. Hassan ◽  
Qahtan A. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

This research involved a study of the heat treatment conditions effect on the mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel type AISI 410. Heat treatment process was hardening of the metal by quenching at different temperature 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C and 1100°C, followed by double tempering at 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C and 700°C, were evaluated and study of some mechanical properties such as hardness, impact energy and properties of tensile test such as yield and tensile strength is carried out. Multiple outputs Artificial Neural Network model was built with a Matlab package to predict the quenching and tempering temperatures. Also, linear and nonlinear regression analyses (using Data fit package) were used to estimate the mathematical relationship between quenching and tempering temperatures with hardness, impact energy, yield, and tensile strength. A comparison between experimental, regression analysis and ANN model show that the multiple outputs ANN model is more accurate and closer to the experimental results than the regression analysis results. 

scholarly journals Analysis of Tensile Strength, Hardness and Impact Energy of SAE1040 Steel Using Heat Treatment Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Qadir Bakhsh Jamali ◽  
Muswar Ali Farhad Siyal ◽  
Abdul Sattar Jamali ◽  
Muhammad Sharif Jamali ◽  
Arshad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Processes

A systematic study was carried out to improve the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel grade SAE 1040 by heat treatment processes. Test specimen were prepared according to ASTM standards. Test specimen were heat treated in Gas furnace at austenitization temperature of 700C to obtain fully austenite structure, soaked for 90 minutes, cooled in air and furnace, and quenched in water separately. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, breaking strength, Young’s Modulus, elongation and impact energy were investigated in this study. It was observed that water quenching enhances materials’ hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, breaking strength and Young’s Modulus while reducing the elongation and impact energy as compared with untreated specimen. Furnace cooling decreases materials’ hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, breaking strength, Young’s Modulus while increasing the elongation and impact energy as compared with untreated specimen. Air cooling improved the materials’ mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, breaking strength, Young’s Modulus, elongation and impact energy as compared with untreated specimen. The results of this study show that the heat treatment technique greatly influences the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel grade SAE 1040.

LUCEFIN GROUP C50 (1.0540), C50E (1.1206), C50R (1.1241)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Lucefin Group C50, C50E, and C50R are medium-carbon, non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, or quenched and tempered condition. C50E and C50R may also be flame or induction hardened. C50, C50E, and C50R are widely used for moderately stressed parts, where higher strength levels are needed than can be achieved in the lower carbon grades, and where the expense of an alloy steel is not justified. Owing to their low hardenability, their use in the quenched and tempered condition is not recommended for large sizes, as the improvement in mechanical properties over the normalized condition is insufficient to justify the additional cost of heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-207. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

Effect of Reversion Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Thermally Embrittled UNS S32760 Duplex Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Mogra Natesh ◽  
V. Shamanth ◽  
K.S. Ravishankar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Limiting Factor

Duplex Stainless Steels contain very high chromium contents (19-30% by weight) and exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and extremely good mechanical properties. Embrittlement of duplex stainless steels due to precipitation of αʹ upon prolonged exposure in the temperature range of 280°C to 500°C has been a serious limiting factor for its long term usage in the nuclear industry, where the operating temperatures of cooling pipes is around 300°C. In this investigation, the effect of reversion heat treatment on the mechanical properties of a thermally embrittled duplex stainless steel has been studied. The specimens were solutionized, aged and then reversion treated for varying periods. The aged specimens showed significant increase in tensile strength and decrease in ductility in comparison to the ones in solutionized condition. The specimens which were reversion treated showed marginal decrease in tensile strength and significant increase in ductility after 5 minutes of holding time. As the holding time increased, the tensile strength rapidly decreased and ductility increased initially up to 30 minutes of reversion, after which there was no significant change in strength and ductility.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

scholarly journals Achievement of High Strength and Ductility in Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloys by Intermediate Phase Optimization in As-Cast and Heat Treatment Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingrong Zhang ◽  
Lingkun Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Anjiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Eutectic Si

In order to obtain high-strength and high-ductility Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys, the present research is focused on optimizing the composition of soluble phases, the structure and morphology of insoluble phases, and artificial ageing processes. The results show that the best matches, 0.4 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Cu in the Al–9Si alloy, avoided the toxic effect of the blocky Al2Cu on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of 0.6 wt% Zn modified the morphology of eutectic Si from coarse particles to fine fibrous particles and the texture of Fe-rich phases from acicular β-Fe to blocky π-Fe in the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy. With the optimization of the heat treatment parameters, the spherical eutectic Si and the fully fused β-Fe dramatically improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture. Compared with the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy, the 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy not only increased the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of peak ageing but also reduced the time of peak ageing. The following improved combination of higher tensile strength and higher elongation was achieved for 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy by double-stage ageing: 100 °C × 3 h + 180 °C × 7 h, with mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ~371 MPa, yield strength (YS) of ~291 MPa, and elongation to fracture (E%) of ~5.6%.

Effects of electrode type on the mechanical properties of weldments of some steel samples produced in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayo Okediran ◽  
Danjuma Yawas ◽  
Ibraheem Samotu ◽  
I. Dagwa ◽  
David Obada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Chemical Compositions

The effects of electrode types on the mechanical properties of weldments produced from three steel samples made locally in Nigeria have been investigated. Oerlikon, Santan, Power Master and Magnum electrode samples were separately used to join Homus, Universal and Spanish steel samples. The chemical compositions of the steel samples, electrodes core and coating were obtained using spectrometer before using them for the research. Mechanical properties of the weldment produced were determined and compared to the unwelded samples. This was done in order to provide information on which combination of steel and electrode type will produce weldment with optimum mechanical properties. Oerlikon electrode produces weldments with optimum tensile strength of 508.25 N/mm2 and impact energy of 152.76J for Homus Steel, it also produced highest tensile strength of 449.92 N/mm2 and impact energy of 103.042J for Spanish Steels while Power Master Electrode produced weldment with highest tensile strength of 482.96N/mm2 and impact energy of 137.033J for Universal Steel. The results show that single electrode type cannot produce weldment with highest properties for all the selected steel samples.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Solid Solution Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AA7075 Alloy After T6 Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Tekeli ◽  
Ijlal Simsek ◽  
Dogan Simsek ◽  
Dursun Ozyurek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractIn this study, the effect of solid solution temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA7075 alloy after T6 heat treatment was investigated. Following solid solution at five different temperatures for 2 hours, the AA7075 alloy was quenched and then artificially aged at 120∘C for 24 hours. Hardness measurements, microstructure examinations (SEM+EDS, XRD) and tensile tests were carried out for the alloys. The results showed that the increased solid solution temperature led to formation of precipitates in the microstructures and thus caused higher hardness and tensile strength.

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