Effect of Alkali Treatment of Coir Fiber on Its Morphology and Performance of the Fiber/LLDPE Bio-Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sheng Tan ◽  
Yuan Zhang Yu ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Li Xue Xing
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Waxy Material ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Scanning Electron

The morphology of the coir fiber by alkali treatment and untreated was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The main component of wax layer on coir fiber surface and the mechanical performance of coir fiber/line low density polyethylene (LLDPE) bio-composites were studied. The flexural and impact strength of the composites after alkali treatment for the fibers were lower obviously than that of the composites without treatment. The result of Infrared Spectrumetry-Fouorier Transform (FTIR) shows that fatty acid and waxy material on the surface of the coir fiber were disposed of by alkali solution. The fatty acid and waxy material are compatible with non-polar LLDPE matrix. The compatibility between the coir and matrix was reduced obviously with loss of them. Therefore, the alkali treatment weakens significantly the compatibility between the coir and LLDPE, and this is a main reason that the mechanical performance of the composites was markedly declined.

Effect of Interface Improving on Morphology and Properties of Coir Fiber/LLDPE Bio-Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sheng Tan ◽  
Yuan Zhang Yu ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Interface Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The mechanical properties of coir fiber/line low density polyethylene (LLDPE) bio-composites were studied and micrographs of fracture surface of impact specimens for the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The flexural and impact strength of the composite with a compatilizer were higher than that of the composite without a compatilizer. The results of interface morphology of the composites with a compatilizer show better interfacial adhesion than that of the composites without one by SEM. That compatibility between the fiber and LLDPE resin is improved on, which is essential reason of rigidity and toughness increase of the composites.

Thermal degradation of coir fiber reinforced low-density polyethylene composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirupama Prasad ◽  
Vijay Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Shishir Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Untreated Fiber ◽  
Ldpe Composites ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of fiber surface treatments (alkali and acrylic acid) on the thermal degradation behavior of coir fiber (CF)-low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites with or without compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted LDPE, MA-g-LDPE) using thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG) was analyzed and compared with those of untreated fiber composites. The TG/DTG results revealed that the thermal stability of the CF improved after the chemical treatments. However, the composite containing treated fiber showed lower thermal stability and started to degrade at a faster rate above 380°C in comparison to composites containing untreated fiber composites. Furthermore, the addition of MA-g-LDPE led to improvement in the thermal stability of both treated and untreated fiber composites in comparison to the same composite formulation without MA-g-LDPE. The composite containing untreated fiber and MA-g-LDPE demonstrated superior thermal stability among all the formulated composites, indicating strong fiber-matrix adhesion.

OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE PARTS OF OIL PALM FRUIT FROM 8 IOPRI VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Sujadi Sujadi ◽  
Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan ◽  
Meta Rivani ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component

Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.

scholarly journals Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Coir and Abaca Fibers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2636
Author(s):  
Petr Valášek ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Vladimír Šleger ◽  
Viktor Kolář ◽  
Monika Hromasová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vegetable Fibers

Composite materials with natural fillers have been increasingly used as an alternative to synthetically produced materials. This trend is visible from a representation of polymeric composites with natural cellulose fibers in the automotive industry of the European Union. This trend is entirely logical, owing to a preference for renewable resources. The experimental program itself follows pronounced hypotheses and focuses on a description of the mechanical properties of untreated and alkali-treated natural vegetable fibers, coconut and abaca fibers. These fibers have great potential for use in composite materials. The results and discussion sections contribute to an introduction of an individual methodology for mechanical property assessment of cellulose fibers, and allows for a clear definition of an optimal process of alkalization dependent on the content of hemicellulose and lignin in vegetable fibers. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of alkali treatment on the surface microstructure and tensile properties of coir and abaca fibers. These fibers were immersed into a 5% solution of NaOH at laboratory temperature for a time interval of 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, rinsed and dried. The fiber surface microstructures before and after the alkali treatment were evaluated by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). SEM analysis showed that the alkali treatment in the NaOH solution led to a gradual connective material removal from the fiber surface. The effect of the alkali is evident from the visible changes on the surface of the fibers.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Ioannis Spanos ◽  
Zacharias Vangelatos ◽  
Costas Grigoropoulos ◽  
Maria Farsari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Multiphoton Lithography ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The need for control of the elastic properties of architected materials has been accentuated due to the advances in modelling and characterization. Among the plethora of unconventional mechanical responses, controlled anisotropy and auxeticity have been promulgated as a new avenue in bioengineering applications. This paper aims to delineate the mechanical performance of characteristic auxetic and anisotropic designs fabricated by multiphoton lithography. Through finite element analysis the distinct responses of representative topologies are conveyed. In addition, nanoindentation experiments observed in-situ through scanning electron microscopy enable the validation of the modeling and the observation of the anisotropic or auxetic phenomena. Our results herald how these categories of architected materials can be investigated at the microscale.

scholarly journals Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Duotone 3D-Printed Polyetheretherketone as Oral Prosthetic Materials: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Ling Ding ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Chuncheng Yang ◽  
Guofeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Dental Application ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Performance

Literature has reported the successful use of 3D printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to fabricate human body implants and oral prostheses. However, the current 3D printed PEEK (brown color) cannot mimic the vivid color of oral tissues and thus cannot meet the esthetical need for dental application. Therefore, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) were incorporated into PEEK to prepare a series of tooth-color and gingival-color PEEK composites in this study. Through color measurements and mechanical tests, the color value and mechanical performance of the 3D printed PEEK composites were evaluated. In addition, duotone PEEK specimens were printed by a double nozzle with an interface between tooth-color and gingival-color parts. The mechanical performance of duotone PEEK with two different interfaces (horizontal and vertical) was investigated. With the addition of TiO2 and Fe2O3, the colors of 3D printed PEEK composites become closer to that of dental shade guides. 3D printed PEEK composites generally demonstrated superior tensile and flexural properties and hence have great potential in the dental application. In addition, duotone 3D printed PEEK with a horizontal interfacial orientation presented better mechanical performance than that with a vertical one.

Microscopic Study of Smooth Silver-plated Retention Pins in Amalgam

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Galindo ◽  
K. McLachlan ◽  
Z. Kasloff
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Mechanical Bonding ◽  
Bonding Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

A silver-plating technique was developed in an effort to produce good mechanical bonding characteristics between stainless steelpins and amalgam. Metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were made to assess the presence, or otherwise, of such a bond between (a) the silver layer plating and the surface of the stainless steel pins, and (b) and silver plating and the amalgam. Unplated stainless steel and sterling silver pins were used as a control and as a comparison, respectively. A "rubbing" technique of condensation was devised to closely adapt amalgam to the pins. It is concluded that there is strong evidence for the existence of a good bond between the plated pins and amalgam. The mechanical performance of the bond is discussed elsewhere. 1.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization of porous asphalt mixes modifying the asphalt with fatty acid amides -FAA-

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Senior Arrieta ◽  
Jorge Eliecer Córdoba Maquilon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Fatty Acid Amides ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
And Performance

Porous asphalt mixes (PAM), form a special road surface for asphalt pavement structures, have a special particle size distribution that lets infiltrate to the runoff storm water through of it because of its voids content about 20 %. Many researchers conducted studies and have concluded that the use of modified asphalts is completely necessary to design PAM. Organic and chemical additives and special procedures as foamed asphalt have enhanced the performance of PAM, during their service life. This paper is focused on the mechanical characterization of PAM and how the asphalt modified with fatty acid amides, influenced on their behavior and performance. Based on an experimental methodology with laboratory tests aimed at establishing a comparison between porous asphalt mixes, using for its design and production a penetration 60-70 pure asphalt and another one asphalt modified with fatty acid amides.

Characterization and Utilization of Coconut Fibers of the Caribbean

2014 ◽  
Vol 1611 ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mathura ◽  
Duncan Cree ◽  
Ryan P. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Coir Fibers ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTIn many tropical countries coconut (coir) fiber production is a major source of income for rural communities. The Caribbean has an abundance of coconuts but research into utilizing its by-products is limited. Environmentally friendly coir fibers are natural polymers generally discarded as waste material in this region. Research has shown that coir fiber from other parts of the world has successfully been recycled. This paper therefore investigates the mechanical properties of Caribbean coir fiber for potential applications in civil engineering.Approximately four hundred fibers were randomly taken from a coir fiber stack and subjected to retting in both distilled and saline water media. The mechanical properties of both the retted and unretted coir fibers were evaluated at weekly increments for a period of 3 months. Tensile strength test, x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron micrographs were used to assess trends and relationships between fiber gauge lengths, diameter, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Diameters ranged between 0.11 mm-0.46 mm, while fiber samples were no longer than 250 mm in length. The tensile strength and strain at break decreased as the gauge length increased for both unretted and retted fibers. The opposite occurred for the relationship between the gauge length and Young’s modulus. Additionally, the tensile strength and modulus decreased as the fiber diameter increased. Neither distilled nor saline water improved the coir fiber’s crystalline index. Scanning electron micrographs qualitatively assessed fiber surfaces and captured necking and microfibril degradation at the fractured ends.The analysis revealed that the tensile strength, modulus, strain at break and crystallinity properties of the Caribbean coir fibers were comparable to commercially available coir fiber which are currently being used in many building applications.

Development of Banana/Coir Natural Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: The Effect of MA-g-PP (Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene) on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Gunturu Bujjibabu ◽  
Vemulapalli Chittaranjan Das ◽  
Malkapuram Ramakrishna ◽  
Konduru Nagarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
C Fibers

Banana/Coir fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites was formulated by using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Specimens were prepared untreated and treated B/C Hybrid composites with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP to increase its compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. Both the without MA-g-PP and with MA-g-PP B/C hybrid composites was utilized and three levels of B/C fiber loadings 15/5, 10/10 and 5/15 % were used during manufacturing of B/C reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. In this work mechanical performance (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of untreated and treated (coupling agent) with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite have been investigated. Treated with MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced specimens explored better mechanical properties compared to untreated B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Mechanical tests represents that tensile, flexural and impact strength increases with increase in concentration of coupling agent compared to without coupling agent MA-g-PP hybrid composites . B/C fibers reinforced polymer composites exhibited higher tensile, flexural and impact strength at 5% of Banana fiber, 15% of fiber Coir in the presence of 8% of MA-g-PP compared to 4% of MA-g-PP and untreated hybrid composites. The percentage of water absorption in the B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites resisted due to the presence of coupling agent MA-g-PP and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) also has done.

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