Preliminary Development of Indirect Tensile Tester Cooperated with Industrial Computered Tomography for Asphalt Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2654-2657
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Li ◽  
Li Hua Jiang ◽  
Yun Xian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Vertical Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tensile Tester ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Mixture Sample

In this paper, a new Indirect tensile tester (IDT) which can be cooperated with Industrial Computered Tomography (IDT) is developed. The new tester uses a set of sliders to transfer the vertical stress to hoop stress which applied to a hollow cylindrical sample. The micro-crack will be appeared and propagated in the weakest direction of hollow cylindrical sample with the increase of vertical stress and tensile strength can calculated with the maximum vertical stress. Due to the existence of central slider, the stress state of hollow cylindrical sample will be kept even after unloading and the mixture sample would not have recovery when it is moved for scanning with ICT. The test results show that the combination of the developed ICT with IDT will help obtain more useful information on understanding the nature of asphalt concrete with different tensile damage stages.

The Influence of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregates in Asphalt Mixture

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhafizah Manap ◽  
Nurfatin Aqeela Miron ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Significant quantities of coconut shell (CS), a by-product of agriculture, can be used as an artificial source of coarse aggregates. In this study, four CSs were used as coarse aggregates replacement in asphalt concrete with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% weight volumes. The particle sizes of the CSs used as main coarse aggregates range from 5 mm to 20 mm. The Marshall Stability test shows that the optimum bitumen content for asphalt mixtures is 5.1%. The engineering properties investigated include the volumetric, dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus. Test results show that stability decreases with increasing CS content because of high water absorption. Considering that CSs absorb bitumen, a further detailed investigation is needed to assess the performance of modified bitumen on mixture. Furthermore, the use of CSs as coarse aggregates in asphalt concrete help increase the resilient modulus, stiffness, and indirect tensile strength up to 30%. Generally, a 10% replacement of coarse aggregates with CSs is the optimal limit.

scholarly journals Evaluating Marination Effect of Diluted Zycothermon Hot Mix Asphalt

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ilham I. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Sinceasphalt concrete undergo different failure problems at different temperature and moisture conditions and for years many scientists and researchers used different kinds of materials and variety of methods for improving the properties of asphalt concrete made with either basalt or limestone.So it became necessary to provide the best possible way to get rid of these failure problems.In this study diluted zycotherm nanomaterial at three different percentages by weight of aggregate used with two aggregate types, basalt and limestone, and asphalt concrete made with the marinated aggregate and later the properties of asphalt concrete were investigated after the marination.Indirect tensile strength test and retained stability test results were used to evaluate the marinating effect.As a result zycotherm dilution by weight of aggregate has changed the properties of asphalt mixture and improved to a great extent. From the results it can be concluded that rutting and fatigue problems decreased with a great range.

The Mechanical Properties of Foam Asphalt Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1150-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Du ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Shan Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Indirect Tensile

The mechanical properties of foam asphalt mixture are investigated, including indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture resistance, rutting resistance and fatigue resistance. The test results indicate the 40°C3d curing mehod can stimulate the 30d or 60d natural environment temperature (25°C) curing procedures, which can quickly evaluate the long term ITS of foam asphalt mixture with cement or without cement. Cement can obviously improve the ITS, moisture resistance and fatigue test. The paper recommends proper cement content of foam asphalt mixture should be in between 1.5% to 2.5%.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Fiber Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixes

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Shukla ◽  
Devesh Tiwari ◽  
K. Sitaramanjaneyulu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics

ABSTRACT Asphalt binder modification is one of the approaches taken to improve pavement performance. In addition it may also be improved through the addition of fibers to Asphalt mix that enhances material strength and fatigue characteristics while adding ductility. Due to their inherent compatibility with Asphalt concrete and excellent mechanical properties, fibers offer an excellent potential for modification of Asphalt concrete mix. To investigate the behavior of Fiber Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixes (FMACM), a preliminary study has been done to determine the feasibility of modifying the behavior of a Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixture through the use of Glass fiber and Polyester fiber. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the factor that is responsible for improving the behavior of FMACM. Asphalt concrete samples were prepared and tested in the laboratory to evaluate the various mixture characteristics. The conclusions drawn from the study on testing of fiber-modified mixes are that fiber modified Asphalt mixtures have shown increased stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation. Fatigue characteristics of the mixtures were also improved. Fibers used in the study were of high tensile strength therefore test results of FMACM have shown higher indirect tensile strength and improved skid resistance for paving applications.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN CAMPURAN AC-WC MENGGUNAKAN LATEKS TERHADAP AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Sri Sunarjono ◽  
Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Adi Indra Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the durability of Asphalt Concrete-Wear Asphalt (AC-WC) mixture using latex material to water immersion. Resistance to warm water immersion is intended to measure the durability of asphalt mixture in serving traffic loads against the influence of water and temperature factors. The use of latex material is intended to improve the performance of the mixture. This research uses a laboratory-scale test. The specimen of AC-WC added with latex was tested for its tensile strength using the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test. Other specimens are immersed in water at 60°C with a continuous and periodic soaking system. The continuous immersion was carried out for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, while the periodic immersion was carried out for 12 hours soaked and 12 hours exposed alternately. The durability was analyzed using the Residual Strength Index indicator. The analysis shows that the addition of latex increased the tensile strength of the AC-WC mixture based on the ITS test results. The AC-WC mixture added with latex can increase its resistance to continuous and periodic immersion, by increasing the residual strength index and decreasing IKS with increasing immersion time. Continuous immersion has a greater impact on reducing IKS than periodic. In specimens without latex, the decrease in IKS values between continuous and periodic soaking has the same pattern, but in specimens with latex, the pattern is different. Keywords: asphalt concrete; latex; water immersion; Indirect Tensile Strength; Residual Strength Index.  Abstrak Makalah ini menyajikan hasil penelitian mengenai ketahanan campuran beraspal Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) yang menggunakan bahan lateks terhadap rendaman air. Ketahanan terhadap perendaman air hangat dimaksudkan untuk mengukur daya tahan campuran aspal dalam melayani beban lalu lintas terhadap pengaruh faktor air dan temperatur. Penggunaan bahan lateks dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki kinerja cam-puran. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji skala laboratorium. Kekuatan tarik benda uji AC-WC dengan lateks diuji menggunakan uji Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS). Benda uji yang lain direndam dalam air bertemperatur 60oC dengan sistem rendaman menerus dan rendaman berkala. Metode perendaman secara menerus dilakukan selama 0, 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam, sedangkan rendaman secara berkala dilakukan 12 jam direndam dan 12 jam diekspose secara bergantian. Tingkat keawetan dianalisis menggunakan indikator Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan lateks meningkatkan kekuatan tarik campuran AC-WC berdasarkan hasil uji ITS. Ketahanan terhadap perendaman menerus dan berkala, campuran AC-WC menggu-nakan lateks meningkat, dengan meningkatnya indeks kekuatan sisa dan menurunnya IKS dengan bertambah-nya lama rendaman. Perendaman secara menerus memberi dampak yang lebih besar dalam menurunkan IKS dibanding perendaman berkala. Pada benda uji tanpa lateks, penurunan nilai IKS antara rendaman menerus dan rendaman berkala memiliki pola yang sama, namun pada benda uji dengan lateks pola penurunan nilai IKS berbeda. Kata-kata kunci: campuran beraspal; lateks; rendaman air; Indirect Tensile Strength; Indeks Kekuatan Sisa.

Conditioning and Testing Protocol Combinations to Detect Asphalt Mixture Damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabeea W. Bazuhair ◽  
Carl V. Pittman ◽  
Isaac L. Howard ◽  
Walter S. Jordan ◽  
James Michael Hemsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Asphalt mixes often have many ingredients that can interact with each other. When put into service, where there are multiple environmental effects, there are many interactions that need mixture testing. This paper’s objective was to evaluate laboratory conditioning protocols coupled with subsequent property measurements for their ability to detect damage of asphalt mixtures in the southeastern U.S. climate (or similar climates). The investigation’s focus is the property measurements themselves, and in particular how a given test can simultaneously assess multiple types of damage (i.e. oxidation, moisture damage, and freeze-thaw damage). While in service, mixtures can be damaged in multiple manners so laboratory conditioning protocols that expose specimens to multiple types of damage are needed as are test(s) that can detect these damages in a manner that can help assess performance during service. Four plant produced mixtures with all virgin ingredients were evaluated at intermediate temperatures with mixture and binder tests. The mixtures were well suited for such a comparison because they consisted of all virgin binder. Indirect tensile (IDT) strength did not relate to Cantabro Mass Loss (CML) or binder test results, which was concerning. Even more concerning was IDT’s inability to respond to laboratory conditioning protocols that considered multiple environmental effects (i.e., oxidation, moisture, and freeze-thaw). CML results related to binder properties and were able to reasonably detect multiple types of environmental effects. As such, Cantabro testing is recommended over tensile strength for intermediate temperature mixture property assessments related to non-load associated environmental effects.

scholarly journals Influence of Microcrack Healing Techniques on Tensile Strength of Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Saad Issa Sarsam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Asphalt concrete pavement practices repeated loading and environmental impacts and suffers distresses. Microcracks usually occurs at early stage of pavement life while the pavement can heal itself under controlled conditions. Microcrack healing process can be controlled and accelerated using various techniques. In this investigation, iron filling was implemented as partial substitute of sand to support the healing process while both induction and external heating techniques were adopted to control the healing using microwave and oven. Asphalt concrete specimens have been prepared with different percentages of iron filling and the corresponding required asphalt content. Specimens were subjected to repeated indirect tensile stresses for 600 and 1200 load repetitions. Specimens were allowed to heal using microwave and oven heating techniques. Specimens were subjected to another cycle of stress repetitions and the variation in the indirect tensile strength was detected before and after healing. The healing performance of the asphalt mixture specimens at different healing conditions was investigated by observing and testing the recovery of indirect tensile strength after healing. It was concluded that implementation of iron filling and induction heating by microwave can improve the healing and tensile properties of asphalt concrete as compared to the oven heating technique.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation Mechanism of Asphalt Mixtures Modified with Crumb Rubber

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
Hossein Noorvand ◽  
Kamil Kaloush ◽  
Jose Medina ◽  
Shane Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Creep Compliance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Noise Mitigation ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Asphalt aging is one of the main factors causing asphalt pavements deterioration. Previous studies reported on some aging benefits of asphalt rubber mixtures through laboratory evaluation. A field observation of various pavement sections of crumb rubber modified asphalt friction courses (ARFC) in the Phoenix, Arizona area indicated an interesting pattern of transverse/reflective cracking. These ARFC courses were placed several years ago on existing jointed plain concrete pavements for highway noise mitigation. Over the years, the shoulders had very noticeable and extensive cracking over the joints; however, the driving lanes of the pavement showed less cracking formation in severity and extent. The issue with this phenomenon is that widely adopted theories that stem from continuum mechanics of materials and layered mechanics of pavement systems cannot directly explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis could be that traffic loads continually manipulate the pavement over time, which causes some maltenes (oils and resins) compounds absorbed in the crumb rubber particles to migrate out leading to rejuvenation of the mastic in the asphalt mixture. To investigate the validity of such a hypothesis, an experimental laboratory testing was undertaken to condition samples with and without dynamic loads at high temperatures. This was followed by creep compliance and indirect tensile strength testing. The results showed the higher creep for samples aged with dynamic loading compared to those aged without loading. Higher creep compliance was attributed to higher flexibility of samples due to the rejuvenation of the maltenes. This was also supported by the higher fracture energy results obtained for samples conditioned with dynamic loading from indirect tensile strength testing.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of the Use of Florida Washed Shell in Open-Graded Asphalt Mixtures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7060
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alharthai ◽  
Qing Lu ◽  
Ahmed Elnihum ◽  
Asad Elmagarhe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Marshall Stability

This study investigates the substitution of conventional aggregate with a Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixtures and evaluates the optimal substitution percentage in aggregate gradations of various nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMASs) (i.e., 4.75, 9.5, and 12.5 mm). Laboratory experiments were performed on open-graded asphalt mixture specimens with the coarse aggregate of sizes between 2.36 and 12.5 mm being replaced by the Florida washed shell at various percentages (0, 15, 30, 45, and 100%). Specimen properties relevant to the performance of open-graded asphalt mixtures in the field were tested, evaluated, and compared. Specifically, a Marshall stability test, Cantabro test, indirect tensile strength test, air void content test, and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the strength, resistance to raveling, cracking resistance, void content, and permeability of open-graded asphalt mixtures. The results show that there is no significant difference in the Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength when the coarse aggregates are replaced with Florida washed shell. This study also found that the optimum percentages of Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixture were 15, 30, and 45% for 12.5, 9.5, and 4.75 mm NMAS gradations, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Using Limestone as a Filler and Starbit E-55 Asphalt as a Binder on the Performance of AC-WC Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Faizul Chasanah ◽  
Fajariesta Arta Putra
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Last Stage

Asphalt concrete can be made through several methods including hot mix using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder and limestone as filler. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of the use of limestone as filler in AC-WC mixture and to identify the effects of limestone addition on the Marshall Characteristics, Durability, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Permeability. The first stage was to test the properties of materials consisting of aggregate, asphalt, and limestone. The second stage was to determine the optimum asphalt content with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% filler proportions, and the last stage was to conduct the Marshall, Immersion, ITS, and Permeability tests. The results showed that limestone has been in accordance with the performance requirements specified for a filler of AC-WC mixture using Starbit E-55 asphalt as a binder. There was a change in the Marshall characteristics of optimum asphalt content. The durability increased, and the ITS values of AC-WC mixture improved along with the increase in limestone proportion. However, the permeability test indicated that the mixture has a poor drainage feature towards water after variation in filler proportions was performed.

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