Radiation Protection of Carboxymethylation of an Acid Polysaccharides Extracted from Auricularia Auricula against Uvb In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhen Yu Wang ◽  
Zi Luan Fan ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acid Polysaccharide ◽  
Soluble Acid

This paper reports on a water-soluble acid polysaccharide (AAP) and in how it was extracted from Auricularia auricular, acquired by CTAB, and prepared it’s carboxymethylation. Chemical characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography/gel permeation chromatograph (HPLC/GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer (GC–MS) were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that C AAAP was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with the molar ratio at 0.04: 0.13: 1.00: 0.59: 0.29. Moreover, radiation protection against UVB in vitro indicated that at the dose range of 200–500 μg/mL, C AAAP enhanced the protection of HepG2 cells against UVB cytotoxicity than AAAP. However, but at the dose range of 50–150 μg/mL the result was just opposite.

The degradation of Indulin ATR by Streptomyces: chemical characterization of the water soluble acid precipitable products

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Vidal ◽  
J. Bouchard ◽  
E. Chornet ◽  
R. P. Overend ◽  
H. Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Acid

Two strains of Streptomyces, S. badius and S. virdosporus, when incubated with kraft lignin (Indulin ATR) produce water soluble acid precipitable compounds. We show by a combination of elemental analysis, amino acid analysis, and FTIR that these are complexes of lignin fragments strongly associated with proteins. The latter, which can be separated by solvent extraction, are added by the microorganisms themselves. The lignin fraction, which represents approximately 60% of the complex weight, consists of lower molecular weight, lower methoxyl content Indulin fragments. KeyWords: lignin, Indulin, lignin–protein complexes, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, high performance size exclusion chromatography, Streptomyces.

Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Antifungal Drug Acyclovir by Nanocrystal Formulation Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4036-4042
Author(s):  
Prakash Goudanavar ◽  
Ankit Acharya ◽  
Vinay C.H
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Ft Ir

Administration of an antiviral drug, acyclovir via the oral route leads to low and variable bioavailability (15-30%). Therefore, this research work was aimed to enhance bioavailability of acyclovir by nanocrystallization technique. The drug nanocrystals were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method in which different stabilizers were used. The formed nanocrystals are subjected to biopharmaceutical characterization including solubility, particle size and in-vitro release. SEM studies showed nano-crystals were crystalline nature with sharp peaks. The formulated drug nanocrystals were found to be in the range of 600-900nm and formulations NC7 and NC8 showed marked improvement in dissolution velocity when compared to pure drug, thus providing greater bioavailability. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of any chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. 

scholarly journals Novel Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Jasmine Tea

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2375
Author(s):  
Yayuan Tang ◽  
Jinfeng Sheng ◽  
Xuemei He ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Zhen Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Jasmine Tea

There have been few studies dealing with chemical elucidation and pharmacological potentials of water-soluble polysaccharides from jasmine tea, limiting their use in functional foods. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides (named as JSP) were extracted from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea and fractionated to afford two sub-fractions (JSP-1 and JSP-2). The main structural characteristics of novel JSP sub-fractions were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Physiologically, the abilities of JSP-1 and JSP-2 to reduce ferric ions, scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as protect islet cells were confirmed in vitro. JSP-1 exhibited better antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than JSP-2. The molecular weights of JSP-1 and JSP-2 were 18.4 kDa and 14.1 kDa, respectively. JSP-1 was made up of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid with molar ratios 1.14:4.69:1.00:9.92:13.79:4.09, whereas JSP-2 with a triple helical structure was composed of galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid as 3.80:1.00:8.27:11.85:5.05 of molar ratios. JSP-1 contains →1)-α-Galƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Galƒ-(2→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(5→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3,5→, →1)-β-Xylp-(2→ and →1)-β-Xylp-(3→ residues in the backbone. These results open up new pharmacological prospects for the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from jasmine tea.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID-MODIFIED POLOXAMER 188/CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350042 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING WANG ◽  
LI GUO ◽  
LI FANG MA
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

In this paper, we firstly synthesized glycyrrhetinic acid-modified double amino-terminated poloxamer 188 (GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA). The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by 1H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Then the nanoparticles composed of GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/chitosan (GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS) were prepared by an ionic gelation process. The characterization of the nanoparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed with a spherical shape and the particle size was distributed between 100 nm and 300 nm. The cytotoxicity based on MTT assay against cells (QGY-7703 cells and L929 cells) showed that the nanoparticles had low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoparticles (5-FU nanoparticles) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance. The encapsulation of 5-Fu-loaded CTS nanoparticles was 12.8% and the drug loading was 2.9%, while the encapsulation of 5-Fu-loaded GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles was 20.9% and the drug loading was 3.36%. The release profile showed that the GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles were available for sustained release of 5-Fu. The GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles have a higher affinity to the QGY-7703 cells, so indicated that the GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles have the capacity of liver-targeting in vitro.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Acid Polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yue ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Xianheng Li ◽  
Jeevithan Elango ◽  
Wenhui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Solanum Muricatum ◽  
Acid Polysaccharide

To investigate the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum, a novel acid polysaccharide named SMP-3a was purified from Solanum muricatum pulp through DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that SMP-3a was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with the molar ratio of 1.09:2.64:1.54:1. The average molecular weight was found to be 227 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Thermal studies revealed the SMP-3a was a thermally stable polymer. Based on the results of methylation and NMR analysis, the backbone chain of SMP-3a was composed of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chain was consisted of α-l-Araf-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. Immunomodulatory assay indicated that SMP-3a could significantly promote the proliferation of macrophages and stimulate the secretion of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggested that SMP-3a could be used as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent in functional food.

scholarly journals Soy Protein-Based Composite Hydrogels: Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Cytocompatibility

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Tansaz ◽  
Raminder Singh ◽  
Iwona Cicha ◽  
Aldo Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Composite Hydrogels

Novel composite hydrogels based on the combination of alginate (Alg), soy protein isolate (SPI) and bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles were developed for soft tissue engineering. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal human dermal fibroblasts were cultivated on hydrogels for 7, 14 and 21 days. Cell morphology was visualized using fluorescent staining at Days 7 and 14 for fibroblast cells and Days 14 and 21 for HUVEC. Metabolic activity of cells was analyzed using a colorimetric assay (water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay). Compared to pure Alg, Alg/SPI and Alg/SPI/BG provided superior surfaces for both types of cells, supporting their attachment, growth, spreading and metabolic activity. Fibroblasts showed better colonization and growth on Alg/SPI/BG hydrogels compared to Alg/SPI hydrogels. The results indicate that such novel composite hydrogels might find applications in soft tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Efflux Inhibitor Bicalutamide Increases Oral Bioavailability of the Poorly Soluble Efflux Substrate Docetaxel in Co-Amorphous Anti-Cancer Combination Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bohr ◽  
Thais Nascimento ◽  
Necati Harmankaya ◽  
Johan Weisser ◽  
Yingya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Amorphous Formulation

Many anti-cancer drugs are difficult to formulate into an oral dosage form because they are both poorly water-soluble and show poor permeability, the latter often as a result of being an intestinal efflux pump substrate. To obtain a more water-soluble formulation, one can take advantage of the higher solubility of the amorphous form of a given drug, whereas to increase permeability, one can make use of an efflux pump inhibitor. In this study, a combination of these two strategies was investigated using the co-amorphous approach, forming an amorphous mixture of two anti-cancer drugs, docetaxel (DTX) and bicalutamide (BIC). The efflux substrate, DTX, was combined with the efflux inhibitor, BIC, and prepared as a single phase co-amorphous mixture at a 1:1 molar ratio using vibrational ball milling. The co-amorphous formulation was tested in vitro and in vivo for its dissolution kinetics, supersaturation properties and pharmacokinetics in rats. The co-amorphous formulation showed a faster in vitro dissolution of both drugs compared to the control groups, but only DTX showed supersaturation (1.9 fold) compared to its equilibrium solubility. The findings for the co-amorphous formulation were in agreement with the pharmacokinetics data, showing a quicker onset in plasma concentration as well as a higher bioavailability for both DTX (15-fold) and BIC (3-fold) compared to the crystalline drugs alone. Furthermore, the co-amorphous formulation remained physically stable over 1.5 years at 4 °C under dry conditions.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of a Homogeneous Polysaccharide with Anticomplement Activity from Sijunzi Decoction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijun Wang ◽  
Yunfei Ji ◽  
Ying Peng ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Immune System Regulation

Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a classical herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for enhancing the function of immune system. In previous studies, a polysaccharide fraction S-3 was screened from SJZD by assessment of immune system regulation, intestinal microbiota, and SCFA in order to explore the immune active ingredients in SJZD. In the present study, S-3 was further purified, and a homogeneous polysaccharide S-3-1 with a molecular mass of 13.5 × 104 Da was obtained after further fractionation by Sephadex G-150 size-exclusion chromatography. The immunological activities of S-3-1 were assayed in vitro for the first time. The determination of the anticomplement activity showed that S-3-1 displayed inhibitory effects on classical pathway of the complement system, with CH50 values of 530 μg/mL. The FT-IR analysis showed that S-3-1 had absorptive peaks characteristic of polysaccharides. The methylation and GC-MS analysis showed that it is comprised of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal, and Glc in a relative molar ratio of 0.35 : 0.37 : 1.4 : 0.31 : 3 : 0.8 and that it mainly contained 1,4-linked-Glc and 1,6-linked-Gal glycosidic bonds. The morphology of S-3-1 was observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). These results provided evidences for tracking the material basis of SJZD immune activity.

Phase 1, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of of the Hsp-90 inhibitor, KOS-1022 (17-DMAG), in patients with refractory hematological malignancies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2081-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lancet ◽  
I. Gojo ◽  
M. Baer ◽  
M. Burton ◽  
M. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Hsp90 Inhibitor ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Co Morbidity

2081 Background: Disruption of Hsp90-client protein heterocomplexes leads to degradation of a variety of oncoproteins. KOS-1022, an Hsp90 inhibitor and water-soluble geldanamycin derivative, is in trials in patients with solid tumors. Compared to a prior geldanamycin derivative (17-AAG), KOS-1022 is ∼3–5 fold more potent (comparing in vitro cytotoxicity or the MTD in toxicology studies on the same schedule). Primary study objectives: establish safety and MTD of KOS-1022 in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies; characterize PK and PD. Methods: Escalating doses of KOS-1022 are given IV over 1 h twice weekly for 2 out of 3 weeks. Plasma KOS-1022 concentrations (1st and 4th infusion, Cycle 1) are quantitated by LC/MS/MS. Pre and on-study CD34+ bone marrow and peripheral blasts undergo flow cytometry to quantify Hsp70/90, pAKT/total AKT, markers of apoptosis and proliferation. Response in AML pts used IWG criteria. Results: 13 pts have been enrolled at doses of 8 (n=4), 16 (n=6), 24 (n=1) and 32 mg/m2 (n=2). All were AML (except 1 CML). Most (n=11) patients had 2–3 prior induction regimens. DLT was seen in 2 pts at 32 mg/m2 (acute myocardial infarction and elevation of troponin). Both patients had significant co-morbidity, including (1) prior myocardial infarction and (2) progressive AML with a similar troponin elevation during induction chemotherapy prior to study. Common drug-related toxicities (all Grade 1–2): fatigue, nausea, diarrhea and arthralgias. From 8 to 32 mg/m2, approximately linear PK was observed. Mean terminal half-lives varied from 13.0–31.2 hours. Day 1 clearance for 8, 16 and 32 mg/m2 was 5.6, 9.7 and 10.8 L/hr/m2; mean Vz (L/m2) for these groups were 238, 433 and 489. Although pre-infusion drug was quantifiable on Day 11 in most patients, Day 11/Day 1 AUC0–25h ratio was 0.96. Activity in AML: 2 CRi and 1 SD x 9 cycles were observed. Comparing BMAs taken at Day 8 and Day 15 to baseline: decreased Hsp90 (41% to 13%), increased Hsp70 (8% to 84%) with decreased pAKT (Ser), pAKT (Thr) and total AKT in CD34+ cells. Conclusions: KOS-1022 appears to be well tolerated, with preliminary signs of clinical and biologic activity in refractory leukemia. MTD has not been defined. Plasma PK is linear over this dose range. [Table: see text]

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

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