Study on the Treatment of High Salinity Oil Waste Water by Reverse Osmosis Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ji ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Xun Dao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Membrane Module ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Cycle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Taking reverse osmosis (RO) technology for the treatment of high salt containing oil waste water as the example, this study investigated the relationship between the pressure and the permeate flux, the stability of the membrane module and the membrane cleaning cycle. The results show the feasibility of RO technology for the treatment of high salt containing oil waste water.

scholarly journals Treatment of Oil Wastewater Containing High Salinity with Ultrafıltratıon (UF) and Reverse Osmosıs (RO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Membrane Treatment ◽  
Oil Wastewater ◽  
Main Operating ◽  
H 30

The high salinity oil wastewaters contained high salt, chloride, total hydrocarbon concentrations with COD and TSS. In order to treat this wastewater a sequential UF and RO ractor system was used. Before membrane treatment the oil was floated with an API oil separator. The effects of increasing fluxes ( 12 L/h, 30 L/h and 50 l /h) and pressures (4 bar , 8 bar and 16 bar ) on the removals of pollutant parametres were studied in the UF. The influence of the main operating parameters suh as operating pressure (15, 35 and 50 bar), temperature (25, 40 and 55 °C) and feed flowrate (7, 14, 28 L/min, were studied in RO. The maximum salt , chloride, total hydrocarbon, COD,dis-COD, and TSS yields were 90%, 91%, 89%, 89%, 89% and 90%, respectively, at a flux of 60 L/m2.h and at a pressure of 16 bar in UF, respectively. The maximum RO yields in the permeate were around 99% for the pollutant parameters given above at afed flowrate of 28 L/min at 24 bar pressure.

scholarly journals Membrane cleaning in membrane distillation of reverse osmosis concentrate generated in landfill leachate treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Jia ◽  
Kuiling Li ◽  
Baoqiang Wang ◽  
ZhiChao Zhao ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Methods

Abstract As a thermally induced membrane separation process, membrane distillation (MD) has drawn more and more attention for the advantages of treating hypersaline wastewaters, especially the concentrate from reverse osmosis (RO) process. One of the major obstacles in widespread MD application is the membrane fouling. We investigated the feasibility of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LFLRO) brine treatment and systematically assessed the efficiency of chemical cleaning for DCMD after processing LFLRO brine. The results showed that 80% water recovery rate was achieved when processing the LFLRO brine by DCMD, but the membrane fouling occurred during the DCMD process, and manifested as the decreasing of permeate flux and the increasing of permeate conductivity. Analysis revealed that the serious flux reduction was primarily caused by the fouling layer that consist of organic matters and inorganic salts. Five cleaning methods were investigated for membrane cleaning, including hydrogen chloride (HCl)-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-NaOH, critic acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) cleaning. Among the chemical cleaning methods investigated, the 3 wt.% SDS cleaning showed the best efficiency at recovering the performance of fouled membranes.

scholarly journals The Use of NaOH Solutions for Fouling Control in a Membrane Bioreactor: A Feasibility Study

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Wirginia Tomczak ◽  
Ireneusz Grubecki ◽  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Initial Membrane ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shed Light

Nowadays, the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is recognized as preferable to the chemical synthesis. However, finding a technological approach allowing the production of 1,3-PD in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a great challenge. In the present study, a ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (8 kDa) for treatment of 1,3-PD broths was used. It has been demonstrated that the membrane used provides the stable permeate flux that is necessary to ensure the stability of the fermentation process in MBR technology. It was noticed that the broth pH has a significant impact on both the final 1,3-PD concentration and permeate flux. Moreover, the feasibility of using NaOH for fouling control in the MBR was evaluated. It has been shown that 1% NaOH solution is effective in restoring the initial membrane performance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to shed light onto the possibility of reducing the amount of the alkaline solutions generated during the MBR operation. Indeed, it has been found that 1% NaOH solution can be successfully used several times for both membrane cleaning and to stabilize the broth pH. Finally, based on the results obtained, the technological conceptions of the MBR technology were designed.

scholarly journals Chlorine tolerant, multilayer reverse-osmosis membranes with high permeate flux and high salt rejection

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 4629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard M. Colquhoun ◽  
David Chappell ◽  
Andrew L. Lewis ◽  
David F. Lewis ◽  
Graeme T. Finlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

An Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Graphene doped CNTs /TiO2 Nanofluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Zetty Akhtar ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
K. Kadirgama ◽  
M.A. Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis

This paper presents the findings of the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of CNTs (doped with 10 wt% graphene)- TiO2 hybrid nanofluids under various concentrations. While the usage of cutting fluid in machining operation is necessary for removing the heat generated at the cutting zone, the excessive use of it could lead to environmental and health issue to the operators. Therefore, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to replace the conventional flooding was introduced. The MQL method minimises the usage of cutting fluid as a step to achieve a cleaner environment and sustainable machining. However, the low thermal conductivity of the base fluid in the MQL system caused the insufficient removal of heat generated in the cutting zone. Addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid was then introduced to enhance the performance of cutting fluids. The ethylene glycol used as the base fluid, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticle mixed to produce nanofluids with concentrations of 0.02 to 0.1 wt.% with an interval of 0.02 wt%. The mixing ratio of TiO2: CNTs was 90:10 and ratio of SDBS (surfactant): CNTs was 10:1. The stability of nanofluid checked using observation method and zeta potential analysis. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of suspension were measured at a temperature range between 30˚C to 70˚C (with increment of 10˚C) to determine the relationship between concentration and temperature on nanofluid’s thermal physical properties. Based on the results obtained, zeta potential value for nanofluid range from -50 to -70 mV indicates a good stability of the suspension. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid increases as an increase of temperature and enhancement ratio is within the range of 1.51 to 4.53 compared to the base fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of nanofluid shows decrements with an increase of the temperature remarks significant advantage in pumping power. The developed nanofluid in this study found to be stable with enhanced thermal conductivity and decrease in viscosity, which at once make it possible to be use as nanolubricant in machining operation.

A FORECAST OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS BY INDIRECT SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.С. САНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Group I ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье представлены материалы о взаимосвязи продолжительности продуктивного использования коров с характеристикой устойчивости к деградации, с возрастом отела и удоем. В исследованной, разнородной по происхождению, группе животных для прогноза продуктивного периода коров, обусловленного устойчивостью к деградации и возрастом первого отела, пригодно уравнение регрессии, аргументами в котором являются индекс устойчивости, возраст первого отела в первой и второй степенях. Коэффициент корреляции межу предсказанными значениями продуктивного периода и его фактическими величинами в I группе составляет 0,502, во II - 0,604. При этом крайние варианты прогнозируются со статистическими ошибками 5 мес при оценке индекса устойчивости по 2 лактациям и 4,1 мес по 3, а средние варианты, соответственно, 1,6 и 1,51 мес. Индекс устойчивости к процессу старения является важной характеристикой биологических особенностей коров, определяющий их продуктивное долголетие. Его оценка по первым 2 и 3 лактациям имеет прямолинейную связь с продуктивным периодом (r=0,4109 и r=0,5270), соответственно. Зависимость продуктивного периода от возраста первого отела криволинейная — с увеличением возраста первого отела сокращается срок продуктивного использования, при возрасте первого отела более 1400 дней срок продуктивного использования колеблется от 1,33 до 1,41 лактации. Коэффициент корреляции между этими характеристиками коров составляет - 0,2164 в I и - 0,2620 во II группах. The article presents materials about the relationship of the duration of productive use of cows with the characteristic of resistance to degradation, with the age of calving and milk yield. In the studied group of animals, which is heterogeneous in origin, the regression equation is suitable for predicting the productive period of cows due to resistance to degradation and the age of the first calving, the arguments of which are the stability index, the age of the first calving in the first and second degrees. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values of the productive period and its actual values in group I is 0.502, in group II - 0.604. At the same time, the extreme variants are predicted with statistical errors of 5 months when evaluating the stability index for 2 lactations and 4.1 months for 3, and the average variants, respectively, are 1.6 and 1.51 months. The index of resistance to the aging process is an important characteristic of the biological characteristics of cows, which determines their productive longevity. Its estimate for the first 2 and 3 lactations has a direct relationship with the productive period (r=0.4109 and r=0.5270), respectively. The dependence of the productive period age at first calving curvilinear with increasing age at first calving reduces the time to productive use, while age at first calving of more than 1400 days, the period of productive use ranges from 1.33 to 1.41 lactation. The correlation coefficient between these characteristics of cows is-0.2164 in I and-0.2620 in II groups.

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

FINANCIAL CRISES AND THE PUBLICATION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF BANKS IN SPAIN, 1844–1868

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bernal Lloréns
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Financial crises have had a decisive influence on banking regulations in Spain. During the mid-19th century the publication of the financial statements of banks was considered key to the stability of the financial system. All new joint stock banking companies were to publish their statements in the Madrid Gazette in return for the privilege of limited liability. Similar obligations were placed on issuing banks. The copious publication of financial statements coincided with a period of financial prosperity. However, the crises that followed from 1864 to 1868 led to a reduction in the official publication of statements. This paper is concerned with an early response to crises in financial reporting. The study focuses on the relationship between the publication of accounting statements by banks and the GDP in Spain during the mid-19th century. The results suggest that the frequency of publication of financial statements may be an indicator of economic performance.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanostructured Membrane Engineering Using Reverse Osmosis Recycled Modules: Membrane Distillation Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Jorge Contreras-Martínez ◽  
Carmen García-Payo ◽  
Mohamed Khayet
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Rejection Factor ◽  
Nanofibrous Membranes ◽  
Membrane Engineering ◽  
Desalination Plants

As a consequence of the increase in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the number of discarded RO modules for 2020 was estimated to be 14.8 million annually. Currently, these discarded modules are disposed of in nearby landfills generating high volumes of waste. In order to extend their useful life, in this research study, we propose recycling and reusing the internal components of the discarded RO modules, membranes and spacers, in membrane engineering for membrane distillation (MD) technology. After passive cleaning with a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, these recycled components were reused as support for polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by different techniques and, finally, tested in desalination of high saline solutions (brines) by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The effect of the electrospinning time, which is the same as the thickness of the nanofibrous layer, was studied in order to optimize the permeate flux together with the salt rejection factor and to obtain robust membranes with stable DCMD desalination performance. When the recycled RO membrane or the permeate spacer were used as supports with 60 min electrospinning time, good permeate fluxes were achieved, 43.2 and 18.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively; with very high salt rejection factors, greater than 99.99%. These results are reasonably competitive compared to other supported and unsupported MD nanofibrous membranes. In contrast, when using the feed spacer as support, inhomogeneous structures were observed on the electrospun nanofibrous layer due to the special characteristics of this spacer resulting in low salt rejection factors and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document