Studies on Lignocellulose Degradation by Rumen Microorganism

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Rong Wang ◽  
Yu Lin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Enzymatic Characterization ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Metagenomics ◽  
Energy Processing

Lignocellulosic material is the earth's most abundant renewable resource, but because of its stable and complex structure, it is not easy for depredating and utilizing for a long time. Rumen can degrade lignocellulose, and is one of nature's most efficient fermentation fermenter; to be study rumen microorganisms has the potential to provide valuable solutions to renewable energy, processing of agricultural waste, organic waste etc. Research methods vary from screening of cellulose-degradation bacteria, enzymatic characterization, to the use of metagenomics technology to get a large number of genes directly from the rumen. This article reviews the characteristics, mechanism and contribution of different rumen microbial in degradation of lignocellulose, as well as the research progress of enzymatic characterization and rumen microbial metagenomics.

scholarly journals Flexible Polymeric Nanosized Micelle for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Research Progress in Recent Three Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Mingting Liu ◽  
Lingjie Ke ◽  
Li-Juan Wang ◽  
Caisheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
Delivery Technology

The eye is a complex structure with a variety of anatomical barriers and clearance mechanisms, so the provision of safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery technology is a major challenge....

Enhanced degradation of ammonium-pretreated wheat straw by lignocellulolytic Streptomyces spp.

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Basaglia ◽  
Giuseppe Concheri ◽  
Stefano Cardinali ◽  
Maria B. Pasti-Grigsby ◽  
Marco P. Nuti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Streptomyces Chromofuscus ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

Eleven actinomycetes, isolated from the gut of worker termites (Macrotermes, Armitermes, Microcerotermes, Odontotermes), were identified as Streptomyces chromofuscus, S. chromogenus, S. diastaticus, and S. rochei. Their ability to grow on natural lignocellulosic substrates was tested in solid state fermentation experiments using wheat straw (C/N = 49.8) as a sole carbon source. Weight loss was 4.7–20.9% of the initial substrate, after 5 weeks at 30 °C; lignin and cellulose content decreased 2.0–16.1 and 3.5–32.9%, respectively. When the 11 Streptomyces were grown on wheat straw pretreated with (NH4)HCO3 (C/N = 28.2), weight loss was 9.3–29.9% of the initial substrate, indicating an overall enhancement of lignocellulose degradation. Weight, lignin, and cellulose losses were enhanced when S. chromofuscus (strain A2 and A11) and S. rochei A4 were grown on pretreated wheat straw instead of the untreated substrate. With S. rochei A10 the weight loss and lignin degradation were enhanced, while cellulolysis was slightly depressed. Weight loss and cellulose degradation were both enhanced when the remaining strains were grown on pretreated wheat straw. In this case, lignin degradation was depressed (S. chromofuscus A6 and A8, S. diastaticus A12, S. rochei A14) or remained essentially the same (S. diastaticus A3 and S. chromogenus A7). Key words: Streptomyces, wheat straw, degradation, lignin, cellulose.

Research Progress on Cellulose Degradation Bacteria Isolation and Utilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1612-1615
Author(s):  
Cheng Jiao Xu ◽  
Ai Jie Wang ◽  
Lin Na Chen ◽  
Guang Li Cao ◽  
Nan Qi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Relationship

Cellulose is regarded as a kind of biomass with high quantity, the proper utilization could realize energy recovery and high-value product recovery. Cellulose degradation is of great importance for its utilization. This article introduced the isolation, characteristic and the mutual effect of compound cellulose degradation bacteria, the composition, the effect and mechanism for cellulose hydrolysis were also introduced. Rumen microbial were taken as example for its utilization in cellulose degradation. The relationship between anaerobic and aerobic were discussed to evaluate their mutual effect. It is proved that the aerobic microorganism could help to provide the anaerobic condition for the bacteria, while the anaerobic could reduce the product inhibitor effect.

scholarly journals Potentials of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Fruit Shell Adsorbent in Recovery of Valuable Hydrocarbons for Spent Engine Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Elijah Taiwo ◽  
Oluwatosin Tokede ◽  
Olayinka Sanda
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
African Star Apple

Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mechanics garages. Adsorptive separation established to be indispensable in recovery of these hydrocarbons was carried out using Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit shell – a renewable resource. In this study, clay pretreated spent engine oil was recovered in a fixed bed adsorption processes and the recovered adsorbate components determined by GC-MS analysis. The results showed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent effective in recovering n-hexane solubilized spent lubricating oil. The study concluded that using the developed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent, an agricultural waste adsorbent in the recovery of waste lubricating oil will enhance greatly the nation’s economy.

scholarly journals Genomic and transcriptome analyses of a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5 isolated from compost reveal its enzymatic basis for lignocellulose degradation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Jiaxi Miao ◽  
Xuanqing Wang ◽  
Tuo Li ◽  
Han Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups

Abstract Background Composting is a special global carbon cycle which sustains various microbes engendering the cellulose degradation. Studies have obtained substantial compost microbiomes, yet the expressions and functions of these lignocellulolytic enzymes remains obscure. Thus, the discovery of thermophilic microorganisms as considerable biochemical catalysts for biofuels is becoming more and more attractive.Results A lignocellulose degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, which could secrete considerable enzymes at the optimal temperature (60°C) and pH (7.5). One single contig of 3.37 Mbp was obtained from raw data and 3371 protein-coding genes were predicted, and the clusters of orthologous groups (COG) analysis revealed various genes with function of polymeric substrates degradation, especially for abundant CAZymes including glycoside hydrolases (GH, 29%) and glycosyl transferases (GT, 36%). Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of B5 at different temperature by using rice straw as sole carbon sources were also analyzed, based on which the mechanism of lignocellulose degradation at high temperature was revealed that B5 could resist the heat by up-regulating the heat shock proteins (HSP) and then secrete various Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) to realize energy balance.Conclusions The comparative whole-genome along with transcriptome analysis indicated that G. stearothermophilus B5 owned the ability of lignocellulose degradation and could be considered as a potential inoculant in composting efficiency, thus are also valuable for the lignocellulosic bioenergy industry.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Energy Utilization of Agricultural Waste in China: Bibliometric Analysis by Citespace

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapei Wei ◽  
Gefu Liang ◽  
James Alex ◽  
Tongchao Zhang ◽  
Chunbo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Research Hotspots

Energy utilization of agricultural waste, due to the depletion of petroleum resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, has become an increasingly important development area at present, with broad prospects. The Citespace software was used to systematically summarize the research hotspots, development, and frontiers of researches on the energy utilization of agricultural waste in China from 1999 to 2018. The results show that (1) the number of publications in this field has increased, which includes a steady development stage, a rapid development stage, and a fluctuation and decline stage. (2) Research hotspots focused on technology for energy utilization of agricultural waste, benefits analysis of energy utilization of agricultural waste, energy conversion and upgrading path of agricultural waste, and energy potential of agricultural waste. (3) Development of research hotspots go through five stages: “technology for energy utilization of straw and the disposal of livestock and poultry waste”, “exploration of energy utilization mode of agricultural waste and the disposal of by-product from energy utilization of agricultural waste”, “technology upgrading from agricultural waste to fuel ethanol and recycling of livestock and poultry waste”, “resource recycling of by-product from biogas ” and “energy utilization of livestock and slaughterhouse waste”. It has revealed the focus in this field was changing from planting waste to breeding waste, and from unprocessed waste to by-product from energy utilization. (4) Energy utilization of slaughterhouse waste and cow manure has started to be considered as the frontiers of researches.

scholarly journals Crystal Structure of a GH3 β-Glucosidase from the Thermophilic Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Mohsin ◽  
Nirmal Poudel ◽  
Duo-Chuan Li ◽  
Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Thermophilic Fungus ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Chaetomium Thermophilum ◽  
Promising Source

Beta-glucosidases (β-glucosidases) have attracted considerable attention in recent years for use in various biotechnological applications. They are also essential enzymes for lignocellulose degradation in biofuel production. However, cost-effective biomass conversion requires the use of highly efficient enzymes. Thus, the search for new enzymes as better alternatives of the currently available enzyme preparations is highly important. Thermophilic fungi are nowadays considered as a promising source of enzymes with improved stability. Here, the crystal structure of a family GH3 β-glucosidase from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (CtBGL) was determined at a resolution of 2.99 Å. The structure showed the three-domain architecture found in other β-glucosidases with variations in loops and linker regions. The active site catalytic residues in CtBGL were identified as Asp287 (nucleophile) and Glu517 (acid/base). Structural comparison of CtBGL with Protein Data Bank (PDB)-deposited structures revealed variations among glycosylated Asn residues. The enzyme displayed moderate glycosylation compared to other GH3 family β-glucosidases with similar structure. A new glycosylation site at position Asn504 was identified in CtBGL. Moreover, comparison with respect to several thermostability parameters suggested that glycosylation and charged residues involved in electrostatic interactions may contribute to the stability of the enzyme at elevated temperatures. The reported CtBGL structure provides additional insights into the family GH3 enzymes and could offer new ideas for further improvements in β-glucosidases for more efficient use in biotechnological applications regarding cellulose degradation.

Effects of carbon and nitrogen supplementation on lignin and cellulose decomposition by a Streptomyces

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maichael J. Barder ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Ion Effects

Effects of nitrogen source and concentration and organic carbon cosubstrates on lignin and cellulose degradation by Streptomyces badius strain 252 were examined using 14C-labeled substrates prepared from Pseudotsuga menziesii twigs. As compared with white-rot fungi, which do not degrade lignin in the absence of a readily metabolizable carbon cosubstrate, degradation of a milled-wood lignin occurred in a minimal medium, although degradation by S. badius was greatly enhanced when organic nitrogen and an organic carbon cosubstrate were added to the medium. Lignin degradation was greatest in the presence of high levels of organic nitrogen. Further enhancement of lignin and cellulose degradation occurred in a medium containing organic nitrogen supplemented with low levels of NO3−. The specific effects of inorganic nitrogen on lignocellulose degradation by S. badius in an otherwise optimal medium included both enhancement and inhibition of lignin or cellulose degradation depending on the source and concentration of inorganic nitrogen used. These effects were distinctly different from those observed with white-rot fungi and were shown to be specific ion effects on polymer degradation and not simply a salt concentration effect on cellular growth.

Research Progress on Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Agricultural Waste Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2338-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang Zhang ◽  
Jing Bo Hu ◽  
Jiao Xu ◽  
Yun Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Adsorption Thermodynamics ◽  
Characterization Methods

This article has described the biosorption of heavy metal ions using agricultural wastes as a potential adsorbent. The modified methods, the characterization methods, the parameters influence, the adsorption kinetics, the adsorption isotherms, the adsorption thermodynamics and the regeneration of biosorbents have also been discussed. Moreover, the future development of biosorbents has been prospected.

scholarly journals Cellobiose dehydrogenase: An essential enzyme for lignocellulose degradation in nature – A review / Cellobiosedehydrogenase: Ein essentielles Enzym für den Lignozelluloseabbau in der Natur – Eine Übersicht

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kracher ◽  
Roland Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellobiose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Essential Enzyme ◽  
Heme Cofactor

SummaryThe flavin and heme cofactor containing enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is ubiquitously distributed in wood-degrading fungi. Current research provides compelling evidence that CDH is an activator for cellulolytic monooxygenases, which enhance the accessibility of crystalline cellulose surfaces for hydrolases. Such oxidative cellulose degradation contributes to the overall cellulolytic capabilities of wood decaying fungi to a large extent, and holds great potential to improve the efficiency of commercial enzyme mixtures for biomass processing and biofuel production. This review summarizes current literature with regard to the distribution, structure and physiological role of CDH in the light of recent findings.

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