Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Value-Added to Dried Pineapple Fruits Using a Simple Interactive Computer Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Samwel Victor Manyele
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Major Factors

In this work, the effect of peel and reject losses on the value added to the dried pineapple fruits was analyzed. The major factors include final moisture content, Xwf; peel loss rate, Rp; reject loss rate, Rrj; and the reject-to-peel ratio, Rrj/Rp. The value added was expressed as the percent increase in value (PVA) which is an indication of price of dried fruits. Material losses were expressed as percent raw material lost (PRML), and total raw material lost per kg of raw material. The PVA decreases with increasing Xwf for all levels of initial moisture content. The PVA increases faster for Rp > 0.1 kg/kg from 67% to 90%. The PVA decreased with increasing Rrj/Rp. The PRML, on the other hand, increased faster with Rp for Rp > 0.1 kg/kg. However, PRML decreased faster as Rrj/Rp was increased. The total losses decreased with increasing Rrj/Rp and also with increasing Rrj.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization on the implementation of green purchasing in companies operating in the forest-based sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Nikola Slastanova ◽  
Marek Hlodak ◽  
Hubert Palus
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Furniture Manufacturing ◽  
Green Purchasing ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The global environment influences the behaviour of companies. This concerns the requirements for increasing number of products, product lines, brands, the need for market segmentation, consumer demand, innovations as well as the behaviour of consumers and suppliers including environmentally appropriate purchasing. The forest-based industries must respond to changes from the perspective of the globalization process by appropriate adaptation and, inter alia, to focus on the introduction of environmentally properly procurement. The integration of green purchasing principles into business systems is increasingly mentioned in the process of globalization of economies in connection with the huge potential for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the implementation of environmentally friendly purchasing in the companies of forest-based sector in Slovakia. Methods: The reasons for implementing responsible practices in supply chains are based either on the stakeholder theory or the assumption that companies have a more proactive approach to implement sustainable purchasing practices as they are aware of the possible benefits. Using a questionnaire survey the companies operating in all sub-sectors of the forest-based industry - wood, pulp and paper and furniture manufacturing, including their suppliers of wood raw material in Slovakia, were questioned with the aim to identify the reasons for implementing sustainable purchasing practices. Findings & Value added: Data obtained are used to identify the factors that are crucial for the introduction of green purchasing in companies in dependence on the specific company characteristics and conditions of the market environment under which companies operate.

Some factors affecting compacted clay swelling

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yevnin ◽  
D. Zaslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Applied Loading

Volume change after saturation was determined on specimens of a statically compacted clay soil. It was found that density after swelling increases linearly with increasing initial density, initial moisture content, and increasing logarithm of applied loading pressure. An empirical equation with five coefficients and a constant, found with the aid of a computer, represents the results with a coefficient of correlation close to 1. An equation for the swelling pressure was also obtained from this equation. Results of specimens which consolidated did not fit the lines obtained for swelling. The relationships obtained were explained by the influence of particle reorientation and moisture content on swelling tendency.

Dormancy, germination requirements and storage behaviour of seeds ofConvolvulaceae(Solanales) and evolutionary considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M.G. Gehan Jayasuriya ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Cuscuta Europaea ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Germination Requirements

AbstractConvolvulaceaeis the only family in the asterid clade with species that produce physically dormant seeds, and most studies on germination in this family have focused on scarified seeds. However, no study has been done on the taxonomic/evolutionary pattern of seed dormancy inConvolvulaceae. We determined the moisture content of non-treated seeds and water uptake and germination percentages for non-treated and manually scarified seeds of 46 species in 11 of the 12 tribes in this family. Germination was tested over a range of temperatures in light/dark and in the dark. The effect of drying and storage at low temperatures was tested on seeds ofErycibe henryiandMaripa panamensis, the only species with high initial moisture content. Non-treated fresh seeds ofBonamia menziesii,M. panamensisandE. henryiimbibed water, whereas those of the other 43 species did not. Manually scarified seeds of all these 43 species took up large amounts of water. Therefore, seeds of 43 of the 46 species are physically dormant, and three are non-dormant. Seeds of all 46 species germinated after imbibition, except those ofCuscuta europaea, which are reported to have combinational dormancy.M. panamensisandE. henryiseeds are recalcitrant and those of the other 44 species orthodox. InConvolvulaceae, basal tribes or tribes derived from basal tribes contain species with non-dormant recalcitrant, physically dormant orthodox and combinationally dormant orthodox seeds. Physical dormancy of seeds in this family possibly evolved from a non-dormant recalcitrant seed-producing ancestor closely related toErycibeae.

Analysis of Starch Bubble Breakage during Extrusion Expansion by Finite Elements Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2449-2459
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Fan ◽  
Zhi Feng Meng ◽  
Jia Hua Zhou ◽  
Hong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Bubble Wall ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Strength Constant ◽  
Major Factors

Major factors that influenced the breakage of starch bubbles during extrusion expansion such as the initial bubble radium, the initial cell wall thickness, the initial cell wall temperature, the initial cell wall moisture content, the stress strength constant of starch and the changes of failure stress of bubble wall, stress of bubble wall, bubble radium, cell wall thickness, pressure different with time were investigated and the critical breaking points for each operation parameters under certain conditions were determined. The results showed that the smaller the initial bubble radium, the higher the initial cell wall thickness, and within certain range, the lower the initial temperature, the lower the initial moisture content, and the higher the stress strength constant of starch, the lower the tendency the bubble broke.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Elena Verboloz ◽  
Marina Ivanova ◽  
Vera Demchenko ◽  
Sergey Fartukov ◽  
Nikita Evona
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

scholarly journals Study of boosting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in germinated mung bean under hypoxia-anaerobic condition and evaluating the loss of GABA after boiling

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Trung Nhat Truong ◽  
Dao Thi Anh Dong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gaba Content

In this study, we investigated some factors effected on GABA stimulation under hypoxia-anaerobic condition and evaluated the loss rate of GABA amount after boiling and drying. These factors include pH soaking water, temperature and time germination. We also carried out the germinated optimization based on above factors. The results showed the optimal conditions included: temperature was 36.6oC, time was 14.5 hours and pH was 5.83. The highest GABA was 1638.67ppm and higher 27.55 times than raw material. Seeds (after germinating) were boiled at 80oC in 15 minutes and dried at 50oC in 3 hours. Finally, we ground it to recover the germinated mung bean powder which moisture content was 6.13% and GABA content was 273.76ppm - 4.6 times higher than the raw powder.

scholarly journals The Pharmaceutical Firms of Pakistan: An Overview of Multidimensional Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Dr. Majid Ali ◽  
Dr. Gulam Sarwar ◽  
Dr. Abdul Saboor
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

The pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan is now meeting around 80% of total domestic demand with an annual11% growth rate. But the question arises as to whether the firms produce efficiently? The paper measures cost efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry of Punjab using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the period of 2014-15. The factors affecting the cost efficiency is also determined by using Tobit method. In first stage, value added is used as single output and number of employs, raw material, and cost of salary are as inputs. The result suggested that the cost efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms is 27.7% which is determined by 46% technical efficiency (TE) and 60.8% allocative efficiency (AE). It means wastage of resources is cost increasing factors in these firms. In the second stage, among the variables i.e. firm’s market share, firm’s Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of market concentration, values of assets, energy, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index has strong positive effect on cost efficiency.

Factors affecting the early growth of Leucaena leucocephala

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J Brandon ◽  
H.M Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Major Factors

Summary. Slow establishment has been identified as a major limitation to the more widespread adoption of the fodder tree Leucaena leucocephala in Queensland. Field experiments were conducted at Mt Cotton, Gayndah and Theodore in south-east Queensland during the 1987–88 summer to identify the major factors limiting first year yield of leucaena. Treatments at each site included irrigation (applied at sowing only, or at intervals throughout the trial), and rates of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and lime. Attack by psyllid insects, weed competition and defoliation by wildlife were noted and minimised where possible. Soil moisture appeared to be the major limitation to plant growth at the inland sites of Theodore and Gayndah where post-establishment irrigation increased final dry weight by 250%. Waterlogging reduced plant height increase at the low lying Mt Cotton site following higher than normal rainfall. Increase in plant height at the other sites stopped when night temperatures fell below 15°C. Application of P at 75–1200 kg/ha tripled final dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton (5 mg/kg bicarbonate-extractable P) but had no effect at Theodore (10 mg P/kg) or Gayndah (35 mg P/kg). Larger than normal responses to P during early growth may be due to slow colonisation of the roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Application of N (200 kg N/ha) increased dry weight of Rhizobium-inoculated leucaena by 27% at Theodore but had little or no effect at the other sites. Application of lime had no significant effects on plant height or dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton despite the soil being slightly acidic (pH 5.9 in 1 : 5 H2 O suspension). Further work on the role of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in determining uptake of P by leucaena is warranted in view of the large response to very high rates of P in young seedlings at Mt Cotton.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE MICRONIZATION OF FLAX SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. ЗВЕРЕВ ◽  
В.А. ЗУБЦОВ
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Flax Seeds

Проведены исследования процесса термообработки семян льна для снижения их влажности. Эксперименты проводили на лабораторной установке путем нагрева сырья в потоке инфракрасного (ИК) излучения – микронизации. Получена зависимость текущего влагосодержания от температуры зерна и исходной влажности. Установлена ее инвариантность к режимам нагрева. Предложена математическая модель изменения влагосодержания от температуры семян и исходной влажности. Для разработки модели влагопотери использованы зависимости, описывающие изменение температуры и влажности от времени в процессе нагрева, полученные А.В. Лыковым и его учениками. Обоснованы рациональные технологические режимы получения стабилизированных семян льна с минимальной активностью окислительных ферментов, улучшенными органолептическими свойствами и повышенным объемом. Разработанный способ включает очистку семян льна от примесей, пропаривание водяным паром, термическую обработку методом ИК-облучения и охлаждение до комнатной температуры. Researches of process of heat treatment of seeds of flax for decrease in their humidity are carried out. Experiments were carried out at the laboratory facility by heating the raw material in the flow of infrared (IR) radiation – micronization. The experimental dependences of seed temperature and humidity on the heating time under different modes of infrared heat treatment are obtained. The dependence of the current moisture content on the grain temperature and initial humidity is obtained and its invariance to the heating regimes is established. The proposed mathematical model the change of moisture content from the temperature of the seeds and initial moisture content. To develop the model of moisture loss used dependences describing the change in temperature and humidity from time to time in the heating process, obtained A.V. Lykov and his students. Rational technological regimes of obtaining stabilized flax seeds with minimal activity of oxidative enzymes improved organoleptic properties and increased volume are explain. The developed method consists of cleaning flax seed from impurities, steaming by water vapor, heat treatment by IR irradiation, and cooling to room temperature.

Figure 1. Anmonia-binding capacity of the three litters under laboratory conditions. 4. LIQUID-BINDING CAPACITY The absorption capacity of the litter determines the amount used, and also affects the functioning of hydraulic manure presses. Hie absorption capacity of litter depends on its initial moisture content. In the laboratory tests , peat had a much greater absorption capacity than other litters. Peat absorbed a maximum of 4.5 times its own weight of liquid, straw 3.5 times, cutter shavings 3.6 times and sawdust 1.5 times (4). The litters used in the tests had an initial moisture content of 20%, with the exception of peat, which contained 40% moisture. These moisture contents represent the working values for good-quality litters. Peat was far superior in terms of absoption capacity to the other litters. Litter should retain its absorption capacity even when under pressure, for example in a hydraulic manure press. The ability of litters to withstand pressure was tested by first allowing than to absorb either water or urine. The litters were then compressed in a hydraulic press for one hour as the pressure was increased stepwise from 20 N/an2 to 50 N/an2. The pressure exerted by hydraulic manure presses in practice is around 40-60 N/cm2. All the retained urine better than water. Sawdust was found to have the greatest resistance to pressure, retaining about 75% of the absorbed

1986 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Better Than
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