The Progress of Polymeric Membrane Separation Technique in O2/N2 Separation

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Kok Chung Chong ◽  
Soon Onn Lai ◽  
Hui San Thiam ◽  
Woei Jye Lau
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Technique ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Cost Of Energy

The oxygen air production are generally be achieved by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and cryogenic distillation. Both of the techniques are able to produce high purity oxygen level which is more than 95% with a production volume of 20 – 300 tons per day. These techniques however required high energy consumption and with the rising cost of energy, membrane separation is a good option as it require relatively low energy requirement. Membrane separation technique is an emerging technique which garners the interest from academia and industry from last decade as an alternative method to produce oxygen enriched air. To date, the commercially available and research institution self-fabricated polymeric membrane are unable to produce an economically viable membrane with high permeability and selectivity in a large scale production relative to the conventional method. In this works, the progress of the application of polymeric in O2/N2 separation which including the recent developed of self fabricated polymeric membrane and the aspect of operation parameter is discussed. Finally, the paper also intends to present a brief overview of the development of membrane separation technique in O2/N2 separation in addressing the strategies and improvement in the fulfillment of industrial application interest.

scholarly journals Oxygen Production Technologies for Oxy

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
H. Katalambula
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oxygen Production

Carbon dioxide, a dominating contributor to global warming is emitted to the atmosphere from power plantsduring combustion of coal. Oxy-fuel combustion is a new technology leading to a simplified sequestrationof CO2. In this technology, fossil fuel is combusted with oxygen (instead of air) in such a way that the fluegas primarily consists of CO2, which can then be sequestered without significant processing. Part of the fluegas is used to dilute the oxygen in order to maintain the temperatures in the combustion process. The mainenergy penalty in oxy-fuel combustion is the cost of oxygen production. There are three major processes forair separation to produce oxygen, these are: cryogenic distillation, membrane separation and gas adsorption.Cryogenic distillation is well established process for large scale production but high energy consumption isthe main disadvantage of this process. Membrane and adsorption processes are common for small and mediumscale production. In gas adsorption, there are air separation techniques such as pressure and temperatureswing methods. The production of oxygen with 90-95% purity and 5000+tpd production is the main challengefor this technology. At present the technology that can supply oxygen in large quantity is the cryogenicseparation of oxygen from air. The papers aims at presenting a comprehensive review of the air separationtechnologies and identify areas that need attention so that oxy-firing can be achieved. The paper thereforelooks at different technologies used for oxygen production, economic concepts as well as integration issues inthe existing plants.

scholarly journals Xylanolytic Bacillus species for xylooligosaccharides production: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozina Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Impacts

AbstractThe capacity of different Bacillus species to produce large amounts of extracellular enzymes and ability to ferment various substrates at a wide range of pH and temperature has placed them among the most promising hosts for the industrial production of many improved and novel products. The global interest in prebiotics, for example, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) is ever increasing, rousing the quest for various forms with expanded productivity. This article provides an overview of xylanase producing bacilli, with more emphasis on their capacity to be used in the production of the XOs, followed by the purification strategies, characteristics and application of XOs from bacilli. The large-scale production of XOs is carried out from a number of xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis followed by purification through chromatography, vacuum evaporation, solvent extraction or membrane separation methods. Utilization of XOs in the production of functional products as food ingredients brings well-being to individuals by improving defense system and eliminating pathogens. In addition to the effects related to health, a variety of other biological impacts have also been discussed.

The Scalability of Wet Ball Milling for The Production of Nanosuspensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L.A.D. Lestari ◽  
Rainer H. Müller ◽  
Jan P. Möschwitzer
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Large Scale Production

Background: Miniaturization of nanosuspensions preparation is a necessity in order to enable proper formulation screening before nanosizing can be performed on a large scale. Ideally, the information generated at small scale is predictive for large scale production. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the scalability when producing nanosuspensions starting from a 10 g scale of nanosuspension using low energy wet ball milling up to production scales of 120 g nanosuspension and 2 kg nanosuspension by using a standard high energy wet ball milling operated in batch mode or recirculation mode, respectively. Methods: Two different active pharmaceutical ingredients, i.e. curcumin and hesperetin, have been used in this study. The investigated factors include the milling time, milling speed, and the type of mill. Results: Comparable particle sizes of about 151 nm to 190 nm were obtained for both active pharmaceutical ingredients at the same milling time and milling speed when the drugs were processed at 10 g using low energy wet ball milling or 120 g using high energy wet ball milling in batch mode, respectively. However, an adjustment of the milling speed was needed for the 2 kg scale produced using high energy wet ball milling in recirculation mode to obtain particle sizes comparable to the small scale process. Conclusion: These results confirm in general, the scalability of wet ball milling as well as the suitability of small scale processing in order to correctly identify the most suitable formulations for large scale production using high energy milling.

scholarly journals Superior Pseudocapacitive Storage of a Novel Ni3Si2/NiOOH/Graphene Nanostructure for an All-Solid-State Supercapacitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ning ◽  
Maoyang Xia ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Free Standing

Abstract Recent developments in the synthesis of graphene-based structures focus on continuous improvement of porous nanostructures, doping of thin films, and mechanisms for the construction of three-dimensional architectures. Herein, we synthesize creeper-like Ni3Si2/NiOOH/graphene nanostructures via low-pressure all-solid melting-reconstruction chemical vapor deposition. In a carbon-rich atmosphere, high-energy atoms bombard the Ni and Si surface, and reduce the free energy in the thermodynamic equilibrium of solid Ni–Si particles, considerably catalyzing the growth of Ni–Si nanocrystals. By controlling the carbon source content, a Ni3Si2 single crystal with high crystallinity and good homogeneity is stably synthesized. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the nanostructures exhibit an ultrahigh specific capacity of 835.3 C g−1 (1193.28 F g−1) at 1 A g−1; when integrated as an all-solid-state supercapacitor, it provides a remarkable energy density as high as 25.9 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1, which can be attributed to the free-standing Ni3Si2/graphene skeleton providing a large specific area and NiOOH inhibits insulation on the electrode surface in an alkaline solution, thereby accelerating the electron exchange rate. The growth of the high-performance composite nanostructure is simple and controllable, enabling the large-scale production and application of microenergy storage devices.

scholarly journals Tuning wettability of molten lithium via a chemical strategy for lithium metal anodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Hua Wang ◽  
Junpei Yue ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Tong-Tong Zuo ◽  
Jin-Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Molten Lithium ◽  
Chemical Strategy

Abstract Metallic lithium affords the highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential and is viewed as a leading contender as an anode for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. However, the poor wettability of molten lithium does not allow it to spread across the surface of lithiophobic substrates, hindering the production and application of this anode. Here we report a general chemical strategy to overcome this dilemma by reacting molten lithium with functional organic coatings or elemental additives. The Gibbs formation energy and newly formed chemical bonds are found to be the governing factor for the wetting behavior. As a result of the improved wettability, a series of ultrathin lithium of 10–20 μm thick is obtained together with impressive electrochemical performance in lithium metal batteries. These findings provide an overall guide for tuning the wettability of molten lithium and offer an affordable strategy for the large-scale production of ultrathin lithium, and could be further extended to other alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium.

scholarly journals Isolation of cellulose microfibrils - An enzymatic approach

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreekumar Janardhnan ◽  
Mohini M. Sain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Specific Strength

Isolation methods and applications of cellulose microfibrils are expanding rapidly due to environmental benefits and specific strength properties, especially in bio-composite science. In this research, we have success-fully developed and explored a novel bio-pretreatment for wood fibre that can substantially improve the microfibril yield, in comparison to current techniques used to isolate cellulose microfibrils. Microfibrils currently are isolated in the laboratory through a combination of high shear refining and cryocrushing. A high energy requirement of these procedures is hampering momentum in the direction of microfibril isolation on a sufficiently large scale to suit potential applications. Any attempt to loosen up the microfibrils by either complete or partial destruction of the hydrogen bonds before the mechanical process would be a step forward in the quest for economical isolation of cellulose microfibrils. Bleached kraft pulp was treated with OS1, a fungus isolated from Dutch Elm trees infected with Dutch elm disease, under different treatment conditions. The percentage yield of cellulose microfibrils, based on their diameter, showed a significant shift towards a lower diameter range after the high shear refining, compared to the yield of cellulose microfibrils from untreated fibres. The overall yield of cellulose microfibrils from the treated fibres did not show any sizeable decrease.

Development of a large scale production of 67Cu from 68Zn at the high energy proton accelerator: Closing the 68Zn cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri G. Medvedev ◽  
Leonard F. Mausner ◽  
George E. Meinken ◽  
Slawko O. Kurczak ◽  
Henry Schnakenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Energy Proton ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Development of Nano-hybrid Cellulose Acetate/TiO2 Membrane for Eugenol Purification from Crude Clove Leaf Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Danny Soetrisnanto ◽  
Dani Puji Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Leaf Oil

Chemical separation and purification are the important part of the chemical industry which consumes up to 70% energy cost. The separation technology such as distillation and absorption are well known in essential oil purification. The purification of clove leaf oil needs an attention because the current technology still consumes high energy and produces chemical wastes. The employment of membrane separation for clove leaf purification is a novel concept that needs many improvements. The main problem of polymeric membrane utilization is eugenol ability to dissolve the polymer membrane. Cellulose acetate is one of membrane polymers that is insoluble in eugenol. This paper reveals the performance of nanohybrid CA/TiO2 membrane for eugenol purification. The stability of produced membrane as an organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is evaluated in this study. The SEM image result shows that fabricated membrane has an asymmetric structure of membrane sub-layer. The different nano-particles loading shows the variation of permeate fluxes, the increase of nano-particles in polymer blend tends to increase the permeability. Thus, this study provides an overview of the potential CA/TiO2 for OSN development by incorporating inorganic nano-particles in membrane polymers for eugenol purification that can be integrated in upstream separation process.

scholarly journals Low-sintering-temperature garnet oxides by conformal sintering-aid coating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojie Chen ◽  
Xiangchen Hu ◽  
Wenda Bao ◽  
Zeyu Wang ◽  
Qun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Conformal Coating

Abstract Garnet-type solid electrolytes have attracted an extensive attention for high-energy solid-state lithium batteries. However, the high processing temperature up to 1200°C with high cost limits the large-scale production. Here, we report a simple approach to reduce the sintering temperature by a conformal coating of nanoscale amorphous alumina, without sacrificing ionic conductivity. The ceramic sintered at 980°C shows a high ionic conductivity of 0.13 mS cm− 1 at room temperature. It reveals that the second phase segregated at grain boundaries can promote Li-ion transport, block electronic conduction, and improve mechanical property. The Li symmetry cells using this garnet electrolyte indicate a long-term 2500 cycle life and a high critical current density of 0.52 mA cm− 2. The garnet electrolyte enables the high-voltage cells using Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 to deliver a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g− 1 at 0.05 C-rate. This work provides a new clue to lower sintering temperature for garnet electrolytes, which can extend to other ceramics towards practical applications.

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