Fabrication of All-Cellulose Composite from Cotton Fabric via NaOH/Urea Solvent Using Vacuum Bagging-Assisted Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Pawarit Chumpon ◽  
Phattharasaya Rattanawongkun ◽  
Nattaya Tawichai ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Nattakan Soykeabkaew
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellulose Composite

All-cellulose composites (ACCs) become growingly attractive materials in wide range applications due to its green profile, biocompatibility, and enable recycling. In this work, the ACCs was fabricated from cotton fabric (CF) by partial dissolution via aqueous NaOH/urea solution. The alternative ACC fabrication technique using vacuum bagging in the dissolution step was introduced in this study. SEM images confirmed that a vacuum aid during CF-ACC fabrication effectively improved the consolidation of resulting composites, showing better bonding and structure integrity. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging-assisted process showed almost two-fold enhancement in tensile strength as compared to another one prepared without vacuum bagging. The effect of dissolution time (15-45 min) on structure and properties of CF-ACCs was also investigated. The CF-ACC prepared with vacuum bagging at dissolution time of 15 min showed the highest tensile strength of 35.25 ± 1.39 MPa and elongation of 21.17 ± 1.46 %. The longer dissolution time, the larger portion of the crystalline fibers dissolved and converted into the amorphous matrix phase of CF-ACCs (confirmed by XRD). With longer dissolution times, the tensile strength of the prepared composites was decreased. However, it was found that with increasing dissolution time and using vacuum bagging in the fabrication of CF-ACCs could enhance their Young’s modulus values, indicating a greater interfacial adhesion gained in these composite structures.

scholarly journals Application of Plasma Activation in Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Khanh Vu Thi Hong ◽  
Thanh Ngo Ha ◽  
Duy-Nam Phan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Plasma Activation

Cotton fabric treated by Pyrovatex CP New (PCN) and Knittex FFRC (K-FFRC) using the Pad-dry-cure method showed an excellent fire-retardant effect. However, it needed to be cured at high temperatures for a long time leading to a high loss of mechanical strength. In this study, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) plasma was applied to the cotton fabric, which then was treated by flame retardants (FRs) using the pad–dry-cure method. The purpose was to have a flame-retardant cotton fabric (limiting oxygen index (LOI) ≥ 25) and a mechanical loss of the treated fabric due to the curing step as low as possible. To achieve this goal, 10 experiments were performed. The vertical flammability characteristics, LOI value and tensile strength of the treated fabrics were measured. A response model between the LOI values of the treated fabric and two studied variables (temperature and time of the curing step) was found. It was predicted that the optimal temperature and time-to-cure to achieve LOI of 25 was at 160 °C for 90 s, while the flame-retardant treatment process without plasma pretreatment, was at 180 °C and 114 s. Although the curing temperature and the time have decreased significantly, the loss of mechanical strength of the treated fabric is still high. The tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fabric after plasma activation show that the plasma treatment itself also damages the mechanical strength of the fabric. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the fabric after plasma activation and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the flame retardant-treated (FRT) fabric clarified the role of plasma activation in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on tensile strength of date palm fibers and their interfacial adhesion with epoxy matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Saleh Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tavanaie ◽  
Mohammad Khajeh Mehrizi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

AbstractIn recent years, natural fibers have received much attention from various industrial applications. As these fibers are lightweight, nonabrasive, low cost, ecofriendly and biodegradable, they can be sometimes considered as alternatives to synthetic fibers in lightweight composite structures. In this work, date palm fibers (DPFs) were treated by oxygen plasma at various plasma discharge power and exposure time. The effects of plasma treatment on tensile strength of DPF and interfacial adhesion between DPF and epoxy were determined by single fiber tensile test and microbond test, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphologies of DPFs before and after the plasma treatment. The functional groups on the surface were studied by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (ATR-FTIR). Decrease in hemicellulose and lignin content of DPF was indicated in ATR-FTIR spectra of the treated sample with plasma treatment. The results show that plasma treatment cleans the fiber surface and increases the surface roughness by etching effect. Moreover, fiber surface modification significantly improves tensile properties of DPFs and interfacial shear stress (IFSS) of fiber/matrix. However, the effects of plasma power and exposure time on tensile properties and IFSS values of DPFs are not found significant. Moreover, Weibull statistics show that plasma treatment could not decrease the variability in fiber strength due to the nature of fibers.

scholarly journals Thermomechanical Properties of Jute/Bamboo Cellulose Composite and Its Hybrid Composites: The Effects of Treatment and Fiber Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fui Kiew Liew ◽  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
Md. Rezaur Rahman ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Cellulose Composite

Jute cellulose composite (JCC), bamboo cellulose composite (BCC), untreated hybrid jute-bamboo fiber composite (UJBC), and jute-bamboo cellulose hybrid biocomposite (JBCC) were fabricated. All cellulose hybrid composites were fabricated with chemical treated jute-bamboo cellulose fiber at 1 : 1 weight ratio and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The effect of chemical treatment and fiber loading on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of composites was investigated. Treated jute and bamboo cellulose were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the effectiveness of treatment. All composites were characterized by tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, surface morphology and water absorption test was reported. The FTIR results revealed that jute and bamboo cellulose prepared are identical to commercial cellulose. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of composites are optimum at 10 weight percentage (wt%) fibers loading. All cellulose composites showed high onset decomposition temperature. At 10 wt% fiber loading, JBCC shows highest activation energy followed by BCC and JCC. Significant reduction in crystallinity index was shown by BCC which reduced by 14%. JBCC shows the lowest water absorption up to 43 times lower compared to UJBC. The significant improved mechanical and morphological properties of treated cellulose hybrid composites are further supported by SEM images.

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 50,000 psi. It is cast in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Among its many applications are farm machinery, seals, bushings, machine tools and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-51. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 55,000 psi. It is produced in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Typical applications are seals, bushings, farm machinery, casings and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-48. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

Studies Regarding the Architectural Design of Various Composites and Nanofibres Used in Dental Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Irina Gradinaru ◽  
Leonard Ignat ◽  
Cristina Gena Dascalu ◽  
Laurentiu Valentin Soroaga ◽  
Magda Ecaterina Antohe
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
New Formulation

The aim of this study was represented by the definition and testing of a new formulation strategy and the functionality of composite materials, while ensuring the optimization of the relevant properties for the dental restoration processes through the use of precise techniques of characterization, the modification and functionality of the components in view of obtaining results that are characterized by an optimum biomechanical and bioactive relation, in full agreement with the particularities of the dental structure that requires restoration. In view of obtaining new resistant composite structures we made a number of 10 samples including extracted teeth with various losses of dental substance and the structural modifications included 3 types of composites, whose structure was improved by the introduction of inorganic fillings based on hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles. All these structures were reinforced with two types of fibers, Reforpost fiber glass kit (Angelus) and Fiber post Schulzer Pre-silanized; With regard to the use of composite structures improved by HA addition, we notice a slight lacunary structure on the SEM images due to the properties of HA, an aspect present at much smaller dimensions in the silver � HA mix. The size of the grains associated with their continuous uniformity and adherence for the fibrillar structure stands out at the samples with hydroxyapatite, the first place as uniformity and adherence going to the composite of the nanofiller technology category.

Synthesis and characterization of Chitosan-Catechol conjugates: Development and in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive pellets of lafutidine

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152199784
Author(s):  
Loveleen Kaur ◽  
Ajay Kumar Thakur ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Inderbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Release Studies

Present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize Chitosan-Catechol conjugates and to design and develop mucoadhesive pellets loaded with lafutidine. SEM images indicated the presence of fibrous structures responsible for enhanced mucoadhesive potential of Chitosan-Catechol conjugates. Thermodynamic stability and amorphous nature of conjugates was confirmed by DSC and XRD studies respectively. Rheological studies were used to evaluate polymer mucin interactions wherein strong interactions between Chitosan-Catechol conjugate and mucin was observed in comparison to pristine chitosan and mucin. The mucoadhesion potential of Chitosan-Catechol (Cht-C) versus Chitosan (Cht) was assessed in silico using molecular mechanics simulations and the results obtained were compared with the in vitro and ex vivo results. Cht-C/mucin demonstrated much higher energy stabilization (∆E ≈ −65 kcal/mol) as compared to Cht/mucin molecular complex. Lafutidine-loaded pellets were prepared from Chitosan (LPC) and Chitosan-Catechol conjugates (LPCC) and were evaluated for various physical properties viz. flow, circularity, roundness, friability, drug content, particle size and percent mucoadhesion. In vitro drug release studies on LPC and LPCC pellets were performed for computing t50%, t90% and mean dissolution time. The values of release exponent from Korsmeyer-Peppas model was reported to be 0.443 and 0.759 for LPC and LPCC pellets suggesting Fickian and non-Fickian mechanism representing drug release, respectively. In vivo results depicted significant controlled release and enhanced residence of the drug after being released from the chitosan-catechol coated pellets. Chitosan-Catechol conjugates were found to be a promising biooadhesive polymer for the development of various mucoadhesive formulations.

Microstructure and physical properties of composite nonwovens produced by incorporating cotton fibers in elastic spunbond and meltblown webs for medical textiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110042
Author(s):  
Partha Sikdar ◽  
Gajanan S Bhat ◽  
Doug Hinchliff ◽  
Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Brian Condon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Medical Textiles ◽  
Improved Performance

The objective of this research was to produce elastomeric nonwovens containing cotton by the combination of appropriate process. Such nonwovens are in demand for use in several healthcare, baby care, and adult care products that require stretchability, comfort, and barrier properties. Meltblown fabrics have very high surface area due to microfibers and have good absorbency, permeability, and barrier properties. Spunbonding is the most economical process to produce nonwovens with good strength and physical properties with relatively larger diameter fibers. Incorporating cotton fibers into elastomeric nonwovens can enhance the performance of products, such as absorbency and comfort. There has not been any study yet to use such novel approaches to produce elastomeric cotton fiber nonwovens. A hydroentangling process was used to integrate cotton fibers into produced elastomeric spunbond and meltblown nonwovens. The laminated web structures produced by various combinations were evaluated for their physical properties such as weight, thickness, air permeability, pore size, tensile strength, and especially the stretch recovery. Incorporating cotton into elastic webs resulted in composite structures with improved moisture absorbency (250%-800%) as well as good breathability and elastic properties. The results also show that incorporating cotton can significantly increase tensile strength with improved spontaneous recovery from stretch even after the 5th cycle. Results from the experiments demonstrate that such composite webs with improved performance properties can be produced by commercially used processes.

scholarly journals Defects and uncertainties of adhesively bonded composite joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Omairey ◽  
Nithin Jayasree ◽  
Mihalis Kazilas
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Adhesively Bonded Joints ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bonded Composite

AbstractThe increasing use of fibre reinforced polymer composite materials in a wide range of applications increases the use of similar and dissimilar joints. Traditional joining methods such as welding, mechanical fastening and riveting are challenging in composites due to their material properties, heterogeneous nature, and layup configuration. Adhesive bonding allows flexibility in materials selection and offers improved production efficiency from product design and manufacture to final assembly, enabling cost reduction. However, the performance of adhesively bonded composite structures cannot be fully verified by inspection and testing due to the unforeseen nature of defects and manufacturing uncertainties presented in this joining method. These uncertainties can manifest as kissing bonds, porosity and voids in the adhesive. As a result, the use of adhesively bonded joints is often constrained by conservative certification requirements, limiting the potential of composite materials in weight reduction, cost-saving, and performance. There is a need to identify these uncertainties and understand their effect when designing these adhesively bonded joints. This article aims to report and categorise these uncertainties, offering the reader a reliable and inclusive source to conduct further research, such as the development of probabilistic reliability-based design optimisation, sensitivity analysis, defect detection methods and process development.

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

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