The Effect of Impact Pressure on Positron Lifetime in Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (PE-UHMW)Chirulen®1120

2010 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Pietrzak ◽  
Roman Szatanik

The paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of impact pressure (in the range of both elastic and plastic deformations) on the parameters of the positron lifetime spectra in PE-UMHW polymer known under the trade mark Chirulen1120. The changes in the long-living component of the positron lifetime spectrum, connected with the annihilation of o-Ps in the pick-off process, are analyzed in dependence on the impact energy. The impact duration in the Charpy’s tests depending on the impact energy was measured, too. The dependencies of the radius of the volume of empty spaces in which the positronium annihilates, on the impact pressure were determined applying the Eldrup-Tao model.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
E. Syomka

Для модели сжимаемого идеального изотропного упругопластического тела рассмотрена задача о полом шаре, на внешнюю и внутреннюю границы которого заданы разные давление и температура. Решается несвязанная задача в рамках теории малых деформаций. Принимается, что полные деформации равны сумме упругих и пластических деформаций, пластические деформации и напряжения связаны соотношениями ассоциированного закона течения. Упругие деформации определяются из соотношений закона Дюамеля–Неймана. Выбирается условие пластичности, не зависящее от первого инварианта тензора напряжений. При определении напряжения и деформации в пластической области рассматривается квазистатический подход, т.е. не указывается закон изменения внешних параметров воздействия (давление и температура на границах шара) до значений, принимаемых при вычислениях. В настоящей работе определены границы изменения перепада давления и температуры, для которых шар будет находиться в упругом состоянии. Установлено, что в зависимости от значений внешних параметров воздействия пластическая зона может зарождаться на внутренней или на внешней границе шара, или на внутренней и внешней границах одновременно, или между границами шара. В качестве примера приведены графики распределений напряжений, деформаций, перемещений, когда пластическая зона занимает некоторую часть, расположенную между внутренней и внешней границей шара. Приводятся графики годографа напряжений, которые являются элементами верификации решения задачи. В настоящей работе учитывается внешнее и внутреннее давление на полый шар, а также температура внешней и внутренней границы шара, что приводит к более общей постановке задачи и необходимости построения разных алгоритмов ее решения. Также определены области изменения внешних параметров, при которых полый шар находится в определенном состоянии. Ключевые слова: упругопластическое тело, теория пластического течения, температурные напряжения, полый шар, допустимые значения внешних параметров, термоупругопластичность, упругопластическая граница, эквивалентное напряжение. The problem of a hollow sphere with different pressure and temperature levels on the external and the internal boundaries has been considered for the model of an ideal compressible isotropic elastic body. An independent problem is solved within the theory of small strains. It is assumed that total deformations are equal to the sum of elastic and plastic deformations, plastic deformations and stresses are related by the relations of the associated flow law. Elastic deformations are determined by their correlation under the DuhamelNeumann law. The plasticity condition which is independent of the first invariant of the stress tensor is considered. In determination of stress and strain in the plastic range a quasi-static approach is considered, that is, the law of changing the external parameters of the action (pressure and temperature at the boundaries of the sphere) to the values assumed in the calculations is not indicated. In this article, the boundaries of the pressure drop and temperature for which the sphere will be in an elastic state are determined. It has been established that depending on the values of the external parameters of the impact, the plastic zone can occur on the inner or outer boundary of the sphere, or on the inner and outer boundaries simultaneously, or between the boundaries of the sphere. As an example, the graphs of the distributions of stresses, deformations, displacements when the plastic zone occupies a certain part located between the inner and outer boundary of the sphere are given. The stress hodograph graphs which are integral elements of verification of the solution of the problem are given. Keywords: elastoplastic body, theory of plastic flow, temperature stresses, hollow sphere, permissible values of external parameters, thermoelastic elasticity, elastic-plastic boundary, equivalent stress.


1942 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. A184-A188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. de Forest ◽  
Greer Ellis ◽  
F. B. Stern

Abstract The use of brittle coatings in stress analysis is discussed in this paper. Particular reference is made to the “Stresscoat” materials and method which can effect quantitative analyses within the elastic range by use of brittle coatings alone. In the plastic range, the flaking off of the coating is shown to be caused by a compression component of strain of about 1 per cent. Graphs and illustrations show the effect of such variables as coat thickness, time of dry, temperature and humidity, creep, and bubbles in the coating. Test procedure is outlined. Application of the method to a part from a high-speed sewing machine shows stress values and correlation of results with fatigue failures. Another application illustrated is a plate, penetrated by a bullet, showing elastic and plastic deformations during the impact loading.


2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110154
Author(s):  
Ziyu Zhao ◽  
Tianming Liu ◽  
Pibo Ma

In this paper, biaxial warp-knitted fabrics were produced with different high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The low-velocity impact property of flexible composites made of polyurethane as matrix and biaxial warp-knitted fabric as reinforcement has been investigated. The effect of impactor shape and initial impact energy on the impact response of flexible composite is tested. The results show that the initial impact energy have minor effect on the impact response of the biaxial warp-knitted flexible composites. The impact resistance of flexible composite specimen increases with the increase of high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The damage morphology of flexible composite materials is completely different under different impactor shapes. The findings have theoretical and practical significance for the applications of biaxial warp-knitted flexible composite.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Kohei Tateyama ◽  
Shino Naruke ◽  
Hisashi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Torigata ◽  
...  

AbstractThe destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer is installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.


1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad A. Patel

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the solution of the creep buckling of columns. Instantaneous elastic and plastic deformations, as well as the transient and secondary creep, are considered. Formulae for the critical time at which a column fails are presented for integral values of the exponents appearing in the creep law.


Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Y.H. Guo ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
M.K. Lei

Heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welding joints critical to the equipment safety service are commonly repeatedly welded in industries. Thus, the effects of repeated welding up to six times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ for AISI 304N austenitic stainless steel specimens were investigated by a Gleeble simulator. The temperature field of HAZ was measured by in situ thermocouples. The as-welded and one to five times repeated welding were assigned as-welded (AW) and repeated welding 1–5 times (RW1–RW5), respectively. The austenitic matrices with the δ-ferrite were observed in all specimens by the metallography. The δ-ferrite content was also determined using magnetic and metallography methods. The δ-ferrite had a lathy structure with a content of 0.69–3.13 vol.%. The austenitic grains were equiaxial with an average size of 41.4–47.3 μm. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) mainly depended on the δ-ferrite content; otherwise, the impact energy mainly depended on both the austenitic grain size and the δ-ferrite content. The UTS of the RW1–RW3 specimens was above 550 MPa following the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard. The impact energy of all specimens was higher than that in ASME standard at about 56 J. The repeated welding up to three times could still meet the requirements for strength and toughness of welding specifications.


2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Ho Hua Chung ◽  
Tsong Hsin Chen

This study concerned the influence of the material strength, ductility and impact energy and the relationship of the broken section profile vs. ductile transition brittle where the steel material was treated under different tempering temperature and hardness. Generally after the steel materials, 10B35 coil wire materials which was generally applied to form screws, was treated by quenching and tempering, its hardness ranged from HRC30 to HRC45. The results showed that the elongation rate beyond 20.4% would be proportional to the impact energy with linear relation, but with reverse proportion to the hardness value. The brittle-tough point of the hardness was set around HRC37 after heat treatment in order to balance the strength and the toughness. In addition, the coil wire materials were analyzed from broken section materials showing good toughness; this represented that the area of the cross section radiation layer due to ductile fracture would largely increase. On the contrary, the wire material test fragment with bad toughness represented that the area of the shear layer due to brittle fracture would largely increase as well. As to that material, if its hardness was greater than or equal to HRC37, that material would have an excellent turning danger from transition. At the same time, when the tempering temperature of the wire steel material was set under 4600C and its corresponding central hardness was about HRC37, the distance between two cementite phase layers suddenly increased. This result leaded to the reason why the wire material test fragment was turned into brittleness from ductility. Therefore, when the fastener was manufactured under tempering treatment, avoiding the tempering brittleness temperature range was necessary.


2010 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
He Yong Han ◽  
Qing Xue Huang ◽  
Jun Wang

The reasons for impact pressure are obtained by the research the hydraulic system of Hydraulic Rolling-Cut Shear. The impact pressure of hydraulic system is divided into direct impact and indirect impact. Based on analyzing the actual situation the measures should be taken to reduce the impact pressure when design hydraulic system. The suitable length of pipeline can improve the performance of the hydraulic system because the length is important for the impact pressure. The accumulator can absorb impact pressure and improve the work situation of servo valve. Therefore, the suitable accumulators should be set in the hydraulic system. The study provides theory basis for the pipe design of large hydraulic servo system.


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