Development of Low Temperature Bonding Technique of Titanium and Zirconium Using Hydrogen Diffusion-Induced Phase Transformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 3010-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Saida ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogiwara ◽  
Kazutoshi Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Charge ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Bond Layer ◽  
Bonding Technique

A new bonding technique of titanium and zirconium conducted at low temperatures was developed utilizing the hydrogen-induced transformation. Hydrogen charge treatment of the faying surfaces of titanium and zirconium was conducted with varying the charging time between 3.6-700ks prior to diffusion bonding. Diffusion bonding of hydrogen-charged titanium and zirconium was carried out at 600-800°C for 0.6-1.8ks applying the bonding pressure of 5-10MPa in vacuum. Titanium and zirconium hydrides were formed at faying surfaces after hydrogen charge treatment. The β-transus temperature at faying surfaces of titanium and zirconium was reduced to approx. 450-550°C with hydrogen-charging. The bond layer was phase transformed to a bcc structure (β) at the bonding temperature due to the hydrogen diffusion during bonding process. Grain growth across the prior bond interface was observed in the joints bonded at 750-800°C after hydrogen-charging for 300-500ks. Tensile strength of titanium joints bonded at 800°C attained approx. 70% of the base metal strength (approx. 1.6 times as high as non-charged joints), and corrosion resistance of the joints was comparable to that of the base metal. Furthermore, tensile strength of zirconium joints bonded at 800°C was approx. 1.7 times as high as non-charged joints. It follows that the solid-state bondability of titanium and zirconium at low temperatures was improved compared to the conventional diffusion bonding (direct bonding without hydrogen-charging).

scholarly journals Spark Plasma Diffusion Bonding of TiAl/Ti2AlNb with Ti as Interlayer

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Boxian Zhang ◽  
Chunhuan Chen ◽  
Jianchao He ◽  
Jinbao Hou ◽  
Lu Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Ti2alnb Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Plasma Diffusion ◽  
Spark Plasma

To solve the problem of poor weldability between TiAl-based and Ti2AlNb-based alloys, spark plasma diffusion bonding was employed to join a TiAl alloy and a Ti2AlNb alloy with a pure Ti foil as interlayer at 950 °C/10 KN/60 min. After welding, slow cooling was carried out at a rate of 5 °C/min, followed by homogenization at 800 °C for 24 h. The microstructural evolution and elemental migration of the joint were analyzed via a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, while the mechanical properties of the joint were assessed via microhardness and tensile tests. The results show that the spark plasma diffusion bonding formed a joint of TiAl/Ti/Ti2AlNb without microcracks or microvoids, while also effectively protecting the base metal. Before heat treatment, the maximum hardness value (401 HV) appeared at the Ti2AlNb/Ti interface, while the minimum hardness value (281 HV) occurred in the TiAl base metal. The tensile strength of the heat-treated joint at room temperature was measured to be up to 454 MPa, with a brittle fracture occurring in the interlayer. The tensile strength of the joint at 650 °C was measured to be up to 538 MPa, with intergranular cracks occurring in the TiAl base metal.

scholarly journals Prediction of Tensile Strength and Deformation of Diffusion Bonding Joint for Inconel 718 Using Deep Neural Network

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Mei ◽  
Lihui Lang ◽  
Xiaoxing Li ◽  
Hasnain Ali Mirza ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Bonding Pressure ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Deformation Ratio

Due to the acceptable high-temperature deformation resistance of Inconel 718, its welding parameters such as bonding temperature and pressure are inevitably higher than those of general metals. As a result of the existing punitive processing environment, it is essential to control the deformation of parts while ensuring the bonding performance. In this research, diffusion bonding experiments based on the Taguchi method (TM) are conducted, and the uniaxial tensile strength and deformation ratio of the experimental joints are measured. According to experimental data, a deep neural network (DNN) was trained to characterize the nonlinear relationship between the diffusion bonding process parameters and the diffusion bonding strength and deformation ratio, where the overall correlation coefficient came out to be 0.99913. The double-factors analysis of bonding temperature–bonding pressure based on the prediction results of the DNN shows that the temperature increment of the diffusion bonding of Inconel 718 significantly increases the deformation ratio of the diffusion bonding joints. Therefore, during the multi-objective optimization of the bonding performance and deformation of components, priority should be given to optimizing the bonding pressure and duration only.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hyper-Interfacial Bonded Joints of Ultra-Fine Grained High Strength Steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Nishimoto ◽  
Kazuyoshi Saida ◽  
Boyoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Base Metal ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bond Layer ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Bonding Technique

A new conceptual bonding technique, " hyper-interfacial bonding" has been proposed as the most effective bonding technique for ultra-fine grained steels. The hyper-interfacial bonding process was characterized by the instantaneously surface-melted pressure-bonding which involved a series of steps, namely, surface heating by high frequency induction, rapid removing of a heating coil and simultaneously pressing of specimens together by an oil pressure system. All equences were typically completed within a second under vacuum/gas atmosphere. An ultra-fine grained high strength steels with the average grain size of 1.0-1.5µm were used for bonding. A bainitic structure and MAconstituents were confirmed in the HAZ, while the base metal indicated the fine ferrite-cementite/ pearlite texture. The maximum hardness in HAZ was limited at HV320-400 and the softening in the HAZ did not occur consequently. Prior austenitic grains were coarsened at the vicinity of the bond interface, however, the grain growth in the bond layer could be depressed below about 11-16µm attributed to the dynamic recrystallization during pressure-bonding process. The tensile strength of joints attained to 83% of the base metal strength. The upper-shelf absorbed energy and DBTT were improved to approx. 60J/cm2 and 223K respectively in the case of Ni-plated UFG steel joints. It could be resulted that the hyper-interfacial bonding technique was a feasible joining method for ultra finegrained steels.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diffusion-Bonded CoCrNi-Based Medium-Entropy Alloy to DD5 Single-Crystal Superalloy Joint

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Shiwei Li ◽  
Xianjun Sun ◽  
Yajie Du ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Yipeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal Superalloy ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Joint Diffusion

This study focuses on the diffusion bonding of a CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloy (MEA) to a DD5 single-crystal superalloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint diffusion-bonded at variable bonding temperatures were investigated. The formation of diffusion zone, mainly composed of the Ni3(Al, Ti)-type γ′ precipitates and Ni-rich MEA matrix, effectively guaranteed the reliable joining of MEA and DD5 substrates. As the bonding temperature increased, so did the width of the diffusion zone, and the interfacial microvoids significantly closed, representing the enhancement of interface bonding. Both tensile strength and elongation of the joint diffusion-bonded at 1110 °C were superior to those of the joints diffusion-bonded at low temperatures (1020, 1050, and 1080 °C), and the maximum tensile strength and elongation of 1045 MPa and 22.7% were obtained. However, elevated temperature produced an adverse effect that appeared as grain coarsening of the MEA substrate. The ductile fracture of the joint occurred in the MEA substrate (1110 °C), whereas the tensile strength was lower than that of the MEA before diffusion bonding (approximately 1.3 GPa).

Study of Low-Temperature Wafer Bonding With Au-Au Bonding Technique

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kurotaki ◽  
H. Shinohara ◽  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
J. Mizuno ◽  
S. Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wafer Bonding ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Metal Bonding ◽  
Metal Diffusion ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Bonding Technique

In general, metal diffusion bonding is carried out at a temperature in the range of 300 ∼ 400 °C and is well documented [1]. However, the knowledge of metal bonding at low temperatures below 300 °C is inadequate yet. On the other hand, low temperature metal bonding is of importance in realizing advanced integrated devices such as MEMS-Semiconductors and high-brightness LED. This paper reports the results of a feasibility study of low-temperature metal bonding with the use of Au-Au diffusion bonding technique.

Hydrogen diffusion kinetics under different conditions applied to VT6 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
E. I. Maslikova ◽  
V. D. Andreeva ◽  
E. L. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Diffusion Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Hydride Formation ◽  
Different Types

Research of hydrogen diffusion in VT6 alloy is carried out considering different types of heat treating and hydrogen charging. The influence of microalloying on the susceptibility to hydride formation and embrittlement of titanium alloys is analyzed, and also effects of an oxide film on hydrogen charging during heat treatment without protective atmosphere, are studied.

scholarly journals Correlation between Microstructure and Hydrogen Degradation of 690 MPa Grade Marine Engineering Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Heng Ma ◽  
Huiyun Tian ◽  
Juncheng Xin ◽  
Zhongyu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Degradation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Annealed Steel

Electrochemical H charging, hydrogen permeation, and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior of 690 MPa grade steel substrate and different heat-treatment states (annealed, quenched, normalized, tempered) are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), hydrogen permeation, electrochemical H charging, and slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT). The results show that hydrogen diffuses through the steel with the highest rate in base metal and the lowest rate in annealed steel. The hydrogen-induced cracks in base metal show obvious step shape with tiny cracks near the main crack. The cracks of annealed steel are mainly distributed along pearlite. The crack propagation of quenched steel is mainly transgranular, while the hydrogen-induced crack propagation of tempered steel is along the prior austenite grain boundary. HIC sensitivity of base metal is the lowest due to its fine homogeneous grain structure, small hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and small hydrogen diffusion rate. There are many hydrogen traps in annealed steel, such as the two-phase interface which provides accommodation sites for H atoms and increases the HIC susceptibility.

Influence of Rotary Friction Welding Parameters on Tensile Strength and Length of TMAZ of Dissimilar Welded Joints from 32G2 and 40KhN Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Artem S. Atamashkin ◽  
Elena Y. Priymak ◽  
Elena A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Friction Pressure

In this work, pipe billets with a diameter of 73 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm from steels 32G2 and 40KhN are friction welded with an aim to optimize the process parameters. The friction pressure, the forging pressure and the length of the fusion varied. After the implementation of various welding modes, tensile tests and metallographic studies were carried out. The optimal welding parameters have been established, which make it possible to obtain tensile strength at the level of the 32G2 base metal. The study results of the microstructure and SEM fractographs after the optimal welding mode are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of pulse frequency on laser welding on SiCp/6061 aluminum alloys with powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2079 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Yongchao Jian ◽  
Yan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Uneven Distribution

Abstract Because of the uneven distribution of reinforcement particles in the molten pool during laser welding of SiCp/6061Al composites with powder, the effect of pulse frequency on the homogenization was studied in this paper. The pulse frequency of welding is changed and the macro morphology of the weld is studied by metallographic microscope. The particle uniformity of reinforcing phase and the porosity of molten pool at different frequencies were compared. The tensile strength of welded joints at different frequencies was tested by universal tensile machine. Finally, when the pulse frequency is 160Hz, the particle distribution of reinforcing phase is the most uniform and the tensile strength is the largest. The tensile strength reaches 267.06MPa, reaching 69.1% of the base metal. When the pulse frequency is 320Hz, the porosity of the weld is the lowest, reaching 1.75%.

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