scholarly journals Development on a New Type of Marine Plankton Temperature-Retained and Pressure-Retained Sampler

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Gao ◽  
Jiawang Chen ◽  
Chunsheng Wang ◽  
Qinghua Sheng ◽  
Junyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Marine Plankton ◽  
New Type ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Moving Speed

AbstractThe marine plankton temperature-retained and pressure-retained sampler is an innovative, deep-sea (maximum 6,000 m) sampler that is equipped with three trawls to obtain marine plankton samples at specified depths and with simultaneous collection of sensor data. The sampler can collect plankton horizontally near the seabed or vertically at different levels of water driven by an underwater fluid power system. The sampler is equipped with a temperature-retained and pressure-retained system to keep the obtained plankton alive when it is brought to the deck, which improves the effective sampling rate of the sampler. The sampler can be monitored in real time and controlled from the deck via a coaxial cable, such that operators onboard can choose the proper sampling location, control the attitude and the moving speed of the sampler, and collect pressure-retained plankton samples in different depths during one deployment. In its verification deployment in the South China Sea (longitude 111°11′´E, latitude 18°05′), the sampler was operated three times at depths of 1,200, 1,500, and 1,600 m. Some plankton samples with in-situ pressure retained have been successfully obtained and the pressure did not decrease after 24 h.

scholarly journals Gait Analysis Accuracy Difference with Different Dimensions of Flexible Capacitance Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5299
Author(s):  
DongWoo Nam ◽  
Bummo Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Accuracy Difference ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Rms Error

Stroke causes neurological pathologies, including gait pathologies, which are diagnosed by gait analysis. However, existing gait analysis devices are difficult to use in situ or are disrupted by external conditions. To overcome these drawbacks, a flexible capacitance sensor was developed in this study. To date, a performance comparison of flexible sensors with different dimensions has not been carried out. The aim of this study was to provide optimized sensor dimension information for gait analysis. To accomplish this, sensors with seven different dimensions were fabricated. The dimensions of the sensors were based on the average body size and movement range of 20- to 59-year-old adults. The sensors were characterized by 100 oscillations. The minimum hysteresis error was 8%. After that, four subjects were equipped with the sensor and walked on a treadmill at a speed of 3.6 km/h. All walking processes were filmed at 50 fps and analyzed in Kinovea. The RMS error was calculated using the same frame rate of the video and the sampling rate of the signal from the sensor. The smallest RMS error between the sensor data and the ankle angle was 3.13° using the 49 × 8 mm sensor. In this study, we confirm the dimensions of the sensor with the highest gait analysis accuracy; therefore, the results can be used to make decisions regarding sensor dimensions.

Reduction of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) formation at near-neutral pH chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Sara Starrsjö ◽  
Olena Sevastyanova ◽  
Peter Sandström ◽  
Juha Fiskari ◽  
Maria Boman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
New Type ◽  
Adsorbable Organically Bound Halogens

AbstractRecently, a new type of bleaching sequence, Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) light with one D stage, has been developed. It combines the efficiency and high selectivity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) bleaching with more environmental friendly oxygen based bleaching chemicals. This work examines the effect of pH on the formation of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) in an intermediate D stage – a single ClO2 stage at the middle of an ECF light bleaching sequence. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to generate a bicarbonate buffer in situ, stabilizing the pH during the bleaching. Near-neutral pH is hypothesized to decrease the formation of strongly chlorinating species, so that the AOX formation is reduced. The results indicate that a near-neutral pH D stage can reduce the AOX content in the effluents with up to 30%. The ISO brightness was unchanged to a lower ClO2 consumption. The pulp viscosity was slightly higher after near-neutral pH D stage, but to its disadvantage a lesser delignification and removal of HexA was obtained. The degradation of HexA correlated well with the AOX, affirming earlier theories that HexA has a major impact on the AOX formation. The higher amounts of residual HexA and lignin resulted in more thermal yellowing of the pulps bleached with a near-neutral pH D stage.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Low-Drift Inertial Sensor-Based System for Analysis of Alpine Skiing Performance

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Isidoro Ruiz-García ◽  
Ismael Navarro-Marchal ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Alberto J. Palma ◽  
Pablo J. Gómez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Improve Technique ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Sensor Data Fusion

In skiing it is important to know how the skier accelerates and inclines the skis during the turn to avoid injuries and improve technique. The purpose of this pilot study with three participants was to develop and evaluate a compact, wireless, and low-cost system for detecting the inclination and acceleration of skis in the field based on inertial measurement units (IMU). To that end, a commercial IMU board was placed on each ski behind the skier boot. With the use of an attitude and heading reference system algorithm included in the sensor board, the orientation and attitude data of the skis were obtained (roll, pitch, and yaw) by IMU sensor data fusion. Results demonstrate that the proposed IMU-based system can provide reliable low-drifted data up to 11 min of continuous usage in the worst case. Inertial angle data from the IMU-based system were compared with the data collected by a video-based 3D-kinematic reference system to evaluate its operation in terms of data correlation and system performance. Correlation coefficients between 0.889 (roll) and 0.991 (yaw) were obtained. Mean biases from −1.13° (roll) to 0.44° (yaw) and 95% limits of agreements from 2.87° (yaw) to 6.27° (roll) were calculated for the 1-min trials. Although low mean biases were achieved, some limitations arose in the system precision for pitch and roll estimations that could be due to the low sampling rate allowed by the sensor data fusion algorithm and the initial zeroing of the gyroscope.

scholarly journals In-Situ Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of the Atmosphere of Jupiter

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064
Author(s):  
P.R. Mahaffy ◽  
S.K. Atreya ◽  
H.B. Niemann ◽  
T.C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Lateral Mixing ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Galileo Probe ◽  
Spectrometer Data

AbstractInsights into both the detailed composition of Jupiter’s atmosphere and unexpected local meteorological phenomena were revealed by in-situ measurements from the Galileo Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer taken on December 7, 1995. Measurements of the neutral atmospheric composition from a pressure of 0.5 bar to approximately 21 bar revealed the mixing ratios of the major species helium and hydrogen as well as numerous minor constituents including methane, water, ammonia, ethane, ethylene, propane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. This instrument measured the isotope ratios3He/4He, D/H, and13C/12C as well as the isotopes of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. A summary is given of progress that has been made in refining preliminary estimates of the abundances of condensable volatiles and noble gases as a result of an ongoing laboratory study using a nearly identical engineering unit. The depletion of simple condensable species to depths well below their expected condensation levels is explained by a local downdraft in the region of the probe entry. The mass spectrometer data suggests that different species may recover at different depths and this may be due to lateral mixing of Jovian air.

scholarly journals High sampling rate thermistor string observations at the slope of Great Meteor Seamount

Ocean Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van Haren ◽  
R. Groenewegen ◽  
M. Laan ◽  
B. Koster
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
High Sampling ◽  
High Sampling Rate ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Great Meteor Seamount ◽  
Very High

Abstract. A high sampling rate (1 Hz) thermistor string has been built to accommodate the scientific need to accurately monitor high-frequency and vigorous internal wave and overturning processes in the ocean. The thermistors and their custom designed electronics can register temperature at an estimated precision of about 0.001° C with a response time faster than 0.25 s down to depths of 6000 m. With a quick in situ calibration using SBE 911 CTD an absolute accuracy of 0.005° C is obtained. The present string holds 128 sensors at 0.5 m intervals, which are all read-out within 0.5 s. When sampling at 1 Hz, the batteries and the memory capacity of the recorder allow for deployments of up to 2 weeks. In this paper, the instrument is described in some detail. Its performance is illustrated with examples from the first moored observations, which show Kelvin-Helmholtz overturning and very high-frequency (Doppler-shifted) internal waves besides occasionally large turbulent bores moving up the sloping side of Great Meteor Seamount, Canary Basin, North-Atlantic Ocean.

Isometric Stress Analysis and Current-Voltage Characteristics of Some Nanoclay Dielectric Elastomer Compounds

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nurminen ◽  
A. Ellman ◽  
V. Jouppila ◽  
M. Paajanen ◽  
M. Karesoja
Keyword(s):  
Material Model ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Compound Materials ◽  
Different Levels

The electromechanical properties of elastomer material change when different levels of stretching are applied to the elastomer film. The generated stress and expansion of the EAP material depend on the electric field across the material and its relative permeability. Some of the best known commercial dielectric elastomer materials are based on acrylic elastomers, e.g. 3M VHB 4910 or 4905 adhesive tape. In this work, the VHB 4910 tape was used as a reference material for different types of acrylic nanoclay compound materials. These new type of nanoclay elastomer compounds were tested because the addition of clay into the elastomer was assumed to increase its actuating performance. Different voltage and pre-stretching levels were used in the measurements. Current-voltage characteristics and isometric stress measurements were used to study the energy efficiency, frequency dependent behavior, reactivity and isometric stress performance of the EAP materials. Based on the electromechanical characterization and material properties, a general hyperelastic material model was developed. According to the preliminary tests, the nanoclay compound seems to be a bit stiffer than VHB 4910 resulting in a greater isometric stress response.

A Ni3N–Co3N hybrid nanowire array electrode for high-performance nonenzymatic glucose detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1680-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglu Dai ◽  
Wenqing Deng ◽  
Chao You ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
Xiaoli Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Active Catalyst ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Array Electrode ◽  
New Type ◽  
Glucose Electrooxidation ◽  
Catalyst Electrode

In this communication, we report a new type of nickel cobalt nitride hybrid nanowire array in situ grown on a Ti plate (Ni3N–Co3N NW/Ti) topotactically converted from Ni–Co hydroxide as a high-active catalyst electrode for glucose electrooxidation in alkaline media.

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