The influence of weather parameters on crucifer flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) capture heights

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Tansey ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Julie J. Soroka ◽  
B. Andrew Keddie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

AbstractThe crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the most important pest of seedling canola, Brassica napus Linnaeus (Brassicaceae), in North America, yet effects of weather on its dispersal and flight activity are not completely understood. We investigated effects of ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, barometric flux, and precipitation on capture heights of P. cruciferae over four site-years in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. Capture heights increased with mean ambient temperatures for both generations of beetles, with 15°C determined as an estimated minimum temperature for flight. Although capture heights decreased with greater minimum relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, and increased with greater mean wind speed, the contributions of these factors were determined to be minor relative to that of mean temperature. Results of the current study will contribute to more accurate predictions of the invasion of canola crops by P. cruciferae and contribute to improved integrated management of this important pest species.

scholarly journals Estimation of evapotranspiration by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Penman–Monteith temperature (PMT) and Hargreaves–Samani (HS) models under temporal and spatial criteria – a case study in Duero basin (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Moratiel ◽  
Raquel Bravo ◽  
Antonio Saa ◽  
Ana M. Tarquis ◽  
Javier Almorox
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Empirical Coefficient ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Duero Basin ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Abstract. The evapotranspiration-based scheduling method is the most common method for irrigation programming in agriculture. There is no doubt that the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in irrigated agriculture. However, the high cost and maintenance of agrometeorological stations and high number of sensors required to estimate it make it non-plausible, especially in rural areas. For this reason, the estimation of ETo using air temperature, in places where wind speed, solar radiation and air humidity data are not readily available, is particularly attractive. A daily data record of 49 stations distributed over Duero basin (Spain), for the period 2000–2018, was used for estimation of ETo based on seven models against Penman–Monteith (PM) FAO 56 (FAO – Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) from a temporal (annual or seasonal) and spatial perspective. Two Hargreaves–Samani (HS) models, with and without calibration, and five Penman–Monteith temperature (PMT) models were used in this study. The results show that the models' performance changes considerably, depending on whether the scale is annual or seasonal. The performance of the seven models was acceptable from an annual perspective (R2>0.91, NSE > 0.88, MAE < 0.52 and RMSE < 0.69 mm d−1; NSE – Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency; MAE – mean absolute error; RMSE – root-mean-square error). For winter, no model showed good performance. In the rest of the seasons, the models with the best performance were the following three models: PMTCUH (Penman–Monteith temperature with calibration of Hargreaves empirical coefficient – kRS, average monthly value of wind speed, and average monthly value of maximum and minimum relative humidity), HSC (Hargreaves–Samani with calibration of kRS) and PMTOUH (Penman–Monteith temperature without calibration of kRS, average monthly value of wind speed and average monthly value of maximum and minimum relative humidity). The HSC model presents a calibration of the Hargreaves empirical coefficient (kRS). In the PMTCUH model, kRS was calibrated and average monthly values were used for wind speed and maximum and minimum relative humidity. Finally, the PMTOUH model is like the PMTCUH model except that kRS was not calibrated. These results are very useful for adopting appropriate measures for efficient water management, especially in the intensive agriculture in semi-arid zones, under the limitation of agrometeorological data.

Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Management: Current State and Future Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Joe M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Management Approaches

Vine weevil, also known as black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, has been one of the most economically important pest species of global horticultural crops for the past five decades. This period has seen many changes in crop protection practices, including wide-scale adoption of biological controls such as entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in place of conventional synthetic insecticides. Despite the experimental efficacy of these controls, growers continue to report significant crop losses associated with vine weevil infestation. We argue that simply switching from synthetic insecticides to biological controls, rather than using these controls as part of an integrated management program, is a key factor in the continued importance of this pest. An improved understanding of vine weevil biology and ecology is at the center of the development of truly integrated pest management programs. To this end, we identify opportunities created through recent vine weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in which further research may contribute to improved future management approaches.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL*

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
Aureliano De Albuquerque Ribeiro ◽  
Aderson Soares De Andrade Júnior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira Da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Simeão ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Meteorological Elements

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL*  AURELIANO DE ALBUQUERQUE RIBEIRO1; ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR2; EVERALDO MOREIRA DA SILVA3; MARCELO SIMEÃO4 E EDSON ALVES BASTOS2 1Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, bloco 804, 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, [email protected] Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, PI, [email protected], [email protected] Professor Adjunto II da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected] Mestre em Agronomia: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected]*Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor  1 RESUMOO registro de elementos climáticos é efetuado por estações meteorológicas convencionais e automáticas. Porém, por questões operacionais e de custo, as estações automáticas estão substituindo as convencionais. Contudo, para que as séries de dados dessas estações sejam únicas, há a necessidade de estudos comparativos entre as duas estações. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar dados meteorológicos obtidos por estações convencionais (EMC) e automáticas (EMA) em municípios do Estado do Piauí (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano, Parnaíba e Piripiri). Os elementos meteorológicos avaliados foram: temperaturas do ar máxima (°C) mínima (ºC) e média (ºC), umidade relativa média do ar (%), velocidade do vento a 10 m (m s-1), precipitação pluviométrica (mm) e pressão atmosférica média (hPa). As comparações dos dados foram feitas por meio dos seguintes indicadores estatísticos: precisão (R2), erro absoluto médio (EAM), coeficiente de correlação (r), índice de concordância de Willmott (d) e índice de confiança (c). Os melhores ajustes dos dados foram constatados para a precipitação e pressão atmosférica; intermediários, para a temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar média e os piores, para a velocidade do vento. A umidade relativa média do ar foi o elemento analisado que mostrou as maiores diferenças entre a EMC e a EMA. Palavras-chave: Agrometeorologia, elementos climáticos, sensores. RIBEIRO, A. A.; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A. S.; SILVA, E.M.; SIMEÃO, M.; BASTOS, E.A.COMPARISON OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED BY CONVENTIONAL AND AUTOMATIC STATIONS IN PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL   2 ABSTRACTClimatic elements are recorded by both conventional and automatic weather stations. However, due to cost and operational issues, automatic stations are replacing the conventional. So that  data sets from these stations are unique, there is a need for comparative studies between the two types of stations. The aim of this study was to compare meteorological data obtained by conventional and automatic stations in towns of the State of Piauí, Brazil (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano and Piripiri).The meteorological elements evaluated were: maximum (°C) minimum (°C) and average (°C) air temperature, average relative humidity (%), wind speed at 10 m (m s-1), rainfall (mm) and average atmospheric pressure (hPa). Data comparison was by the following statistical indicators: precision (R2), mean absolute error (EAM), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Willmott’s index of agreement (d) and confidence index (c).  The best data adjustments were observed for rainfall and atmospheric pressure; intermediates for the air temperature, average relative humidity and worst for the wind speed.  The air average relative humidity was the analyzed element that showed the greatest differences between EMC and EMA. Keywords: Agrometeorology, meteorological elements, sensors 

scholarly journals Measurement of Enteric Methane Emissions by the SF6 Technique Is Not Affected by Ambient Weather Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Peter J. Moate ◽  
Jennie E. Pryce ◽  
Leah C. Marett ◽  
Josie B. Garner ◽  
Matthew H. Deighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Enteric Methane

Despite the fact that the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique was developed over 25 years ago to measure methane production from grazing and non-housed animals, no studies have specifically investigated whether ambient wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall influence the accuracy of the method. The aim of this research was to investigate how these weather factors influence the measurement of enteric methane production by the SF6 technique. Six different cohorts of dairy cows (40 per cohort) were kept outdoors and fed a common diet during spring in 3 consecutive years. Methane production from individual cows was measured daily over the last 5 days of each 32-day period. An automated weather station measured air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and rainfall every 10 min. Regression analyses were used to relate the average daily wind speed, average daily temperature, average daily relative humidity and total daily rainfall measurements to dry matter intake, average daily methane production and methane yield of each cohort of cows. It was concluded that the modified SF6 technique can be used outdoors during a range of wind speeds, ambient temperatures, relative humidities and rainfall conditions without causing a significant effect on the measurement of methane production or methane yield of dairy cows.

Effect Of Surface Boundary Condition On Rainfall Infiltration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurly Gofar ◽  
Min Lee Lee ◽  
Azman Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Rainfall Infiltration ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surface Boundary Condition

Penyusupan air hujan amat dipengaruhi oleh keadaan sempadan permukaan tanah dan sifat–sifat hidraulik tanah. Kertas kerja ini mengetengahkan kajian mengenai kesan beberapa keadaan sempadan permukaan tanah terhadap penyusupan air hujan dengan menggunakan satu program komputer VADOSE/W. Satu kajian parametrik dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan suhu persekitaran, kelembapan relatif udara, dan kelajuan angin terhadap penyejatan dan kadar penyusupan air hujan. Kesan konduktiviti hidraulik tanah terhadap mekanisma penyusupan air hujan juga dikaji dengan menggunakan dua model tiang tanah. Keputusan menunjukkan penyusupan air hujan adalah sensitif terhadap kelembapan relatif udara dan suhu persekitaran yang lebih rendah daripada suhu tanah, tetapi tidak sensitif terhadap kelajuan angin dan suhu persekitaran yang lebih tinggi daripada suhu tanah. Konduktiviti hidraulik tanah dan keamatan hujan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap mekanisme penyusupan dan pembentukan air larian permukaan. Maka, profil ketepuan tanah yang meyakinkan hanya boleh diperolehi jika keadaan sempadan permukaan tanah yang tepat dipertimbangkan dalam analisis. Kata kunci: Penyusupan air hujan, penyejatan, keadaan sempadan, konduktiviti hidraulik, model tiang tanah Rainfall infiltration is greatly influenced by the surface boundary condition as well as hydraulic properties of soil. This paper highlights the study on the effect of several surface boundary conditions on the rainfall infiltration using a computer program VADOSE/W. A parametric study was carried out to study the effect of ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed on the evaporation and rainfall infiltration rate. The effect of soil hydraulic conductivity on the mechanism of rainfall infiltration was also studied by using two soil column models. Results show that rainfall infiltration is sensitive to relative humidity and ambient temperatures lower than soil temperature, but insensitive to wind speed and ambient temperatures higher than soil temperature. The hydraulic conductivity of soil and rainfall intensity have great influence on the infiltration mechanism and the development of surface runoff. Thus, reliable saturation profile can only be achieved if accurate surface boundary condition was considered for analysis. Key words: Rainfall infiltration, evaporation, boundary condition, hydraulic conductivity, soil column model

scholarly journals The effects of weather on the spread of COVID-19: evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Aidoo ◽  
Atinuke O. Adebanji ◽  
Gaston E. Awashie ◽  
Simon K. Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Short Period

Abstract Background Climatic factors have been shown to influence communicable disease dynamics especially in tropical regions where temperature could swing from extreme heat and dryness to wet and cold within a short period of time. This is more pronounced in the spread of airborne diseases. In this study, the effect of some local weather variables (average temperature, average relative humidity, average wind speed and average atmospheric pressure) on the risk of Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ghana is investigated. The daily confirmed new COVID-19 cases were compiled from the Ghana Health Service and the weather data extracted from Weatherbase. The type of relationship between the climatic variable and risk of spread were explored using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Results Results obtained showed that wind speed and atmospheric pressure have positive linear relationship with the spread of infection an increase in the risk of COVID-19 spread. In addition, the risk of spread fluctuates for temperature between 24 and 29 °C but sharply decreases when average temperature exceeds 29 °C. The risk of spread of COVID-19 significantly decrease for relative humidity between 72 and 76% and leveled afterwards. Conclusion The results indicate that wind speed and pressure have a positive linear relationship with the risk of spread of COVID-19 whilst temperature and humidity have a non-linear relationship with the spread of COVID-19. These findings highlight the need for policy makers to design effective countermeasures for controlling the spread as we are still within the low temperature season.

scholarly journals Phase separation during blood spreading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine Benabdelhalim ◽  
David Brutin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

AbstractBlood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

scholarly journals Potential Evapotranspiration Reduction and Its Influence on Crop Yield in the North China Plain in 1961–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlin Dong ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Qi Hu ◽  
Feifei Pan ◽  
Jyoti Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Humidity Index

Climate change has caused uneven changes in hydrological processes (precipitation and evapotranspiration) on a space-temporal scale, which would influence climate types, eventually impact agricultural production. Based on data from 61 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP), the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate variables, such as humidity index, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ET0), were analyzed. The sensitivity coefficients and contribution rates were applied to ET0. The NCP has experienced a semiarid to humid climate from north to south due to the significant decline of ET0 (−13.8 mm decade−1). In the study region, 71.0% of the sites showed a “pan evaporation paradox” phenomenon. Relative humidity had the most negative influence on ET0, while wind speed, sunshine hours, and air temperature had a positive effect on ET0. Wind speed and sunshine hours contributed the most to the spatiotemporal variation of ET0, followed by relative humidity and air temperature. Overall, the key climate factor impacting ET0 was wind speed decline in the NCP, particularly in Beijing and Tianjin. The crop yield in Shandong and Henan provinces was higher than that in the other regions with a higher humidity index. The lower the humidity index in Hebei province, the lower the crop yield. Therefore, potential water shortages and water conflict should be considered in the future because of spatiotemporal humidity variations in the NCP.

Percussion signals of Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Sándor Koczor ◽  
Andrej Cokl
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Lygus Rugulipennis ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Study Laboratory

AbstractThe European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis Poppius) is among the most serious pests in the family Miridae, and therefore there is increasing interest in understanding the behaviour of this species. In the present study, laboratory recordings were taken using a laser vibrometer on adult males and females to ascertain whether acoustic signals are involved in intraspecific communication. Recordings were both carried out on plant and loudspeaker membrane substrates. Males and females emitted vibratory signals and the present results indicate that these signals are important during courtship. The basic signal characteristics measured were the dominant frequency, pulse duration, repetition time and number of pulses per group within the signal. Male and female signals did not differ in respect to any of these characteristics. Plant recorded signals were longer because of different mechanical properties of substrates. Additionally, the high frequency components were attenuated due to the low-pass filtering properties of plants. As this is the first study on vibratory communication of the European tarnished plant bug, we believe these findings may contribute considerably to the better understanding of the mating behavior of this important pest species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the AMPS Boundary Layer Simulations on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, with Unmanned Aircraft Observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2239-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Wille ◽  
David H. Bromwich ◽  
John J. Cassano ◽  
Melissa A. Nigro ◽  
Marian E. Mateling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
High Wind Speed ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractAccurately predicting moisture and stability in the Antarctic planetary boundary layer (PBL) is essential for low-cloud forecasts, especially when Antarctic forecasters often use relative humidity as a proxy for cloud cover. These forecasters typically rely on the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (Polar WRF) Model for high-resolution forecasts. To complement the PBL observations from the 30-m Alexander Tall Tower! (ATT) on the Ross Ice Shelf as discussed in a recent paper by Wille and coworkers, a field campaign was conducted at the ATT site from 13 to 26 January 2014 using Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) aerial systems to collect PBL data. The 3-km-resolution AMPS forecast output is combined with the global European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERAI), SUMO flights, and ATT data to describe atmospheric conditions on the Ross Ice Shelf. The SUMO comparison showed that AMPS had an average 2–3 m s−1 high wind speed bias from the near surface to 600 m, which led to excessive mechanical mixing and reduced stability in the PBL. As discussed in previous Polar WRF studies, the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić PBL scheme is likely responsible for the high wind speed bias. The SUMO comparison also showed a near-surface 10–15-percentage-point dry relative humidity bias in AMPS that increased to a 25–30-percentage-point deficit from 200 to 400 m above the surface. A large dry bias at these critical heights for aircraft operations implies poor AMPS low-cloud forecasts. The ERAI showed that the katabatic flow from the Transantarctic Mountains is unrealistically dry in AMPS.

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