Effect of Regular Exercise During Dexamethasone Injection on the Body Weight, Weight of Hindlimb Muscle and Adrenal Gland in Young Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Myoung Ae Choe ◽  
Jung Ae Choi ◽  
Gi Soo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RELEASE OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The involvement of the adrenal gland in the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty in female rats was studied. Two and four days after adrenalectomy (ADX) on either day 5 or 10 after birth, a significant decrease in the concentration of FSH was found; 4 days after ADX on either day 15 or 20, FSH concentrations had increased significantly compared with sham-operated and/or intact controls. However, in the rats adrenalectomized on day 15 or 20, the body weights were lower than in control rats. Relative uterine weights (mg/100 g body wt) in adrenalectomized rats never differed from those of control rats. A delay in the time at which vaginal opening and the first oestrus occurred was found in rats adrenalectomized at 20 or 25 days of age; however this delay was accompanied in these rats by a retardation in the gain in body weight. It is argued that the effects of ADX on both the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty are primarily, and presumably exclusively, due to the effects on general bodily development (expressed in body weight). The lack of effect of ADX on uterine weight supports the hypothesis that 'oestrogen-like' products from the adrenal gland are not biologically active as oestrogens.

Response of host embryonic chicks to grafts of additional adrenal glands. 1. Response of host adrenal glands, gonads, and kidneys

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

The response of host embryonic chicks to the presence of additional amounts of adrenal gland tissue has been explored by grafting an additional gland from an 18-day embryonic donor to the chorioallantoic membrane of an 8-day embryonic host. The grafts were maintained for up to 10 days.The graft had no effect on the body weight of the host, nor on proliferation within the kidney. Proliferation within the gonad of the host was significantly depressed from 1 day postgrafting.Effects of the graft on the host adrenal glands were confined to hyperplasia of cortical tissue up to 12 days of incubation and subsequent reduced proliferation to 18 days. The medullary tissue did not respond to the graft.The significance of these results is discussed in terms of normal development of the adrenal gland, seasonal variations in adrenal function, and the establishment of the adrenal–gonad axis.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Regular Exercise on Some Motoric Features in Children in the 7–12 Age Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kürşat Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise on some motoric features in 7–12-year-old boys and girls in 8 weeks period of time. To the study 66 boys with an average age of 8, ± 7963, as 54 of them in research and 12 of them in control groups; 66 girls, 36 of them as research and 30 as control group, a total of 132 individuals who joins summer sports schools within the body of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports with no health problems participated in the study. Two tests were applied to the children before and after the exercise program. Height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and 20m velocity measurements were performed to the participants. SPSS 21.00 package program was used for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. For paired comparisons, Paired Samples t test was applied to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In order to determine the difference between the groups, Independent samples t test was applied and the level of significance was set at p <0.05 and 0.01. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the research group between the first and second measurement results of height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity (p <0.05, p <0.01). As a result, in the light of the data obtained from the comparisons between the groups, it was determined that the regularly performed exercises positively affect the body weight, static balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity values in 7–12 age group boys and girls.

scholarly journals MYOKINES, THEIR ROLE IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Nikolay Mikhailovich Vladimirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Exercise Muscle

Skeletal muscles are the largest organ in the human body, making up 40–50% of the total human body weight. This work is devoted to the study of physical activity on the athlete’s body. Given that the muscular system is more multifunctional than previously thought, and is able to aff ect many systems of the body through the synthesis and secretion of cytokines-classical regulators of the immune system, classifi ed as myokines. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of the main identifi ed and characterized myokines, focusing on their biological activity and functions. Through regular exercise, muscle-induced factors called myokines can exert and play an important role in protecting against many diseases.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097496
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-López ◽  
Ana María Wägner ◽  
Pedro Saavedra ◽  
Jose Raduan Jaber ◽  
Carlos Melián
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gland Size

Objectives Adrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal gland thickness, and to propose reference intervals (RIs) for adrenal gland thickness in healthy cats. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 39 healthy cats were included. The cats were divided into two weight categories, classified as ⩽4.0 kg and >4–8 kg of ideal body weight (with 13 and 26 cats in each group, respectively), which took into consideration the body condition score of the cats. All cats underwent an ultrasound examination that was taken from a subcostal position. Maximum dorsoventral thicknesses of the left (MTL) and right (MTR) adrenal glands were measured in a sagittal plane. RIs were obtained for the maximum thickness (MT), which included the MTLs and MTRs of each cat. RIs with the 90% confidence intervals were calculated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines on RIs. Results No statistical differences for adrenal gland thickness were observed between the left and right ( P = 0.543) adrenal glands or between male and female cats ( P = 0.943). Mean MT was significantly greater in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg compared with the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; P <0.005). The lower limit of the RI for MT was 2.4 mm (range 2.2–2.6 mm) in the group weighing ⩽4 kg and 2.6 mm (range 2.4–2.8 mm) in the group weighing >4–8 kg. The upper limit of the RI for MT was 3.9 mm (range 3.7–4.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm (range 4.6–5.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg. Conclusions and relevance The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats. The maximum normal adrenal gland thickness is lower in smaller cats (3.9 mm for those weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm for those weighing >4–8 kg).

scholarly journals THE GEOTROPIC CONDUCT OF YOUNG RATS

1926 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Crozier ◽  
G. Pincus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inclined Surface

Young rats, old enough to creep well but before the eyelids are open, orient and move upward upon an inclined surface. The angle of geotropic orientation on such a surface (θ) is proportional to the logarithm of the component of gravity parallel to the inclined plane. This result is compared with the scanty information available for other animals; there is indication that it may be generally valid. The precision of the orientation, measured by the percentage dispersion of the individual measurements, also increases in proportion to the logarithm of this component. The cosine of the angle of orientation decreases very nearly in proportion to the sine of the angle of inclination. A possible interpretation of this is given as involving the idea that upward orientation ceases when the differential pull of the body weight upon the opposed legs reaches a threshold value. Attaching weights (W) to the tail causes θ to increase, and in proportion to log W.

Alterations in endogenous circadian rhythm of core temperature in senescent Fischer 344 rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. R824-R830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger B. McDonald ◽  
Tana M. Hoban-Higgins ◽  
Rodney C. Ruhe ◽  
Charles A. Fuller ◽  
Barbara A. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Endogenous Circadian Rhythm

We assessed whether alterations in endogenous circadian rhythm of core temperature (CRT) in aging rats are associated with chronological time or with a biological marker of senescence, i.e., spontaneous rapid body weight loss. CRT was measured in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats beginning at age 689 days and then continuously until death. Young rats were also monitored. The rats were housed under constant dim red light at 24–26°C, and core temperature was recorded every 10 min via biotelemetry. The CRT amplitude of the body weight-stable (presenescent) old rats was significantly less than that of young rats at all analysis periods. At the onset of spontaneous rapid weight loss (senescence), all measures of endogenous CRT differed significantly from those in the presenescent period. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (a circadian pacemaker) of the senescent rats maintained its light responsiveness as determined by an increase in c- fos expression after a brief light exposure. These data demonstrate that some characteristics of the CRT are altered slowly with chronological aging, whereas others occur rapidly with the onset of senescence.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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